Sensory signals during active versus passive movement
... only vestibular inputs are available to the central nervous system and there is no motor efference copy signal because the monkey does not actively move its head. (b) Activity of the same neuron during active head-on-body movements. In this condition, the monkey commands an active head movement and ...
... only vestibular inputs are available to the central nervous system and there is no motor efference copy signal because the monkey does not actively move its head. (b) Activity of the same neuron during active head-on-body movements. In this condition, the monkey commands an active head movement and ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ pr ...
... activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ pr ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... conditioning. The study has succeeded to train monkeys to increase motor cortex low-gamma waves of local field potential (LFP) (Fig. 3). Single-neuron firing was recorded, and the enhancement of operantly conditioned oscillatory waves was accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the ...
... conditioning. The study has succeeded to train monkeys to increase motor cortex low-gamma waves of local field potential (LFP) (Fig. 3). Single-neuron firing was recorded, and the enhancement of operantly conditioned oscillatory waves was accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal bases of perception. To illustrate this assertion, imagine attempting to understan ...
... Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal bases of perception. To illustrate this assertion, imagine attempting to understan ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... of the world on the retina to compensate for self-motion and movement of the visual world. There is accumulating evidence that the neuronal basis for these eye movements is distributed over visual cortical areas in addition to distinct pretectal and brainstem nuclei from where the visual information ...
... of the world on the retina to compensate for self-motion and movement of the visual world. There is accumulating evidence that the neuronal basis for these eye movements is distributed over visual cortical areas in addition to distinct pretectal and brainstem nuclei from where the visual information ...
The Nervous System
... the brain leave the cranium What are the internal carotid arteries branches of How do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull What are the vertebral arteries branches of How do the vertebral arteries enter the ...
... the brain leave the cranium What are the internal carotid arteries branches of How do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull What are the vertebral arteries branches of How do the vertebral arteries enter the ...
Implications of Altered Brain Ganglioside Profiles in Amyotrophic
... cell body metabolism. The loss of target signals is a passible means by which the cell body learns that its axon has been damaged. Lass of such target-derived factors has been proposed as a general neurological defect". Several recent developments are consistent with this hypothesis. Roisen and cowo ...
... cell body metabolism. The loss of target signals is a passible means by which the cell body learns that its axon has been damaged. Lass of such target-derived factors has been proposed as a general neurological defect". Several recent developments are consistent with this hypothesis. Roisen and cowo ...
Comparative molecular neuroanatomy of mammalian neocortex
... that latexin- and Nurr1 -positive neurons mostly overlap in the lateral region but not in layer 6b (Arimatsu et al. 2003; see Fig. 2A for a typical pattern). We found by double ISH that the Nurr1 mRNA-positive neurons in layer 6b coexpress CTGF mRNA (Fig. 2B, Watakabe et al. 2007), a marker for lay ...
... that latexin- and Nurr1 -positive neurons mostly overlap in the lateral region but not in layer 6b (Arimatsu et al. 2003; see Fig. 2A for a typical pattern). We found by double ISH that the Nurr1 mRNA-positive neurons in layer 6b coexpress CTGF mRNA (Fig. 2B, Watakabe et al. 2007), a marker for lay ...
phys chapter 56 [10-19
... Visual cues can tell you when you are approaching a wall, for example o If deep cerebellar nuclei not damaged by lesion affecting up to half lateral cerebellar cortex, motor functions appear almost normal if person moves slowly; remaining portions of motor contro system capable of compensating for ...
... Visual cues can tell you when you are approaching a wall, for example o If deep cerebellar nuclei not damaged by lesion affecting up to half lateral cerebellar cortex, motor functions appear almost normal if person moves slowly; remaining portions of motor contro system capable of compensating for ...
Data Visualization Optimization Computational Modeling of Perception
... neurons along a branch called an axon. Neurons make on the order of 10,000 connections, called synapses, to other neurons. Depending on the neurotransmitter used by the neuron, its signals may have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the recipient neuron. Signals from an excitatory neuron mak ...
... neurons along a branch called an axon. Neurons make on the order of 10,000 connections, called synapses, to other neurons. Depending on the neurotransmitter used by the neuron, its signals may have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the recipient neuron. Signals from an excitatory neuron mak ...
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 9: Sleep and
... l REM sleep is accompanied by high levels of blood flow in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex l REM eye movements resemble those made when a person scans a visual image l Nightmares can occur during stage 4 of SWS l ...
... l REM sleep is accompanied by high levels of blood flow in the visual association cortex but low levels in the inferior frontal cortex l REM eye movements resemble those made when a person scans a visual image l Nightmares can occur during stage 4 of SWS l ...
Discoveries from the Black Box - Boulder Institute for Psychotherapy
... accepted, as has the idea that the brain is changing and growing continuously throughout life, shaped as much by experience as genetic heritage. Every passing sensation, everything we learn, every human contact we make causes millions of neurons to fire together, forming physical interconnections ca ...
... accepted, as has the idea that the brain is changing and growing continuously throughout life, shaped as much by experience as genetic heritage. Every passing sensation, everything we learn, every human contact we make causes millions of neurons to fire together, forming physical interconnections ca ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... tested including mineral oil and silicone oil, but did not respond to any of the carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) viscosity series. The results of these studies on orbitofrontal cortex neurons (Rolls and others 1999; Verhagen and others 2003) show that fatsensitive neurons respond not only to fats suc ...
... tested including mineral oil and silicone oil, but did not respond to any of the carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) viscosity series. The results of these studies on orbitofrontal cortex neurons (Rolls and others 1999; Verhagen and others 2003) show that fatsensitive neurons respond not only to fats suc ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... and may regulate cerebral cortical size by controlling the generation of neural precursor cells. Mice expressing high levels of a stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors develop enlarged brains with expanded precursor populations, increased cerebral cortical surface area, and folds resem ...
... and may regulate cerebral cortical size by controlling the generation of neural precursor cells. Mice expressing high levels of a stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors develop enlarged brains with expanded precursor populations, increased cerebral cortical surface area, and folds resem ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... Figure 1.2. Closely folded brain structures only generate “closed fields” which cancel within a few millimeters due to nearby sources with random or opposite orientations. Although some structures like the cerebellum were historically considered to generate only closed fields and no EEG, recent MEG ...
... Figure 1.2. Closely folded brain structures only generate “closed fields” which cancel within a few millimeters due to nearby sources with random or opposite orientations. Although some structures like the cerebellum were historically considered to generate only closed fields and no EEG, recent MEG ...
Guide to the CERAD Form
... Axonal loss, cell loss and demyelination appear as areas of pallor in H/E slides under the microscope as there is less tissue to absorb any stain, hence the name; white matter pallor may be a marker for loss of conductivity and connectivity between different brain areas, affects are dependent on ext ...
... Axonal loss, cell loss and demyelination appear as areas of pallor in H/E slides under the microscope as there is less tissue to absorb any stain, hence the name; white matter pallor may be a marker for loss of conductivity and connectivity between different brain areas, affects are dependent on ext ...
Regulation of Stroke-Induced Neurogenesis in Adult Brain—Recent
... The data described here demonstrate that a stroke, induced by MCAO in adult rats, leads to long-term alterations in the structure and function of the SVZ ipsilateral to the ischemic damage. At least up to 1 year after the insult, the SVZ continues to produce new neuroblasts, which migrate into the s ...
... The data described here demonstrate that a stroke, induced by MCAO in adult rats, leads to long-term alterations in the structure and function of the SVZ ipsilateral to the ischemic damage. At least up to 1 year after the insult, the SVZ continues to produce new neuroblasts, which migrate into the s ...
Developmental Biology, 9e
... – More than half of the neurons may die regionally, two-thirds of the total born! – This is less consistent across species than most neural development events • 80% of cat retinal ganglion cells die • 40% in chick • 0% in fish, amphibians ...
... – More than half of the neurons may die regionally, two-thirds of the total born! – This is less consistent across species than most neural development events • 80% of cat retinal ganglion cells die • 40% in chick • 0% in fish, amphibians ...
“Epileptic Neurons” in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... modeling studies, neurons that generate a high-frequency burst of action potentials as their minimal response to threshold stimulation, and particularly those that burst-fire spontaneously, were deemed critically important in entraining additional neurons into a synchronized population discharge (45 ...
... modeling studies, neurons that generate a high-frequency burst of action potentials as their minimal response to threshold stimulation, and particularly those that burst-fire spontaneously, were deemed critically important in entraining additional neurons into a synchronized population discharge (45 ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... rapidly decay to a single mode. We find direct experimental evidence for this model, not only in the original attentional task, but also in a very different task involving perceptual decision making. These results confirm a theoretical prediction that slowly varying activity patterns are proportiona ...
... rapidly decay to a single mode. We find direct experimental evidence for this model, not only in the original attentional task, but also in a very different task involving perceptual decision making. These results confirm a theoretical prediction that slowly varying activity patterns are proportiona ...
Figure 2.10
... The Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation • Primary process or "a" process: An emotional reaction :to presentation of emotion-arousing stimulus pushes us away from emotional equilibrium • Opponent reaction or "b" process: Opposite emotional reaction elicited by primary or a process to bring emotion ...
... The Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation • Primary process or "a" process: An emotional reaction :to presentation of emotion-arousing stimulus pushes us away from emotional equilibrium • Opponent reaction or "b" process: Opposite emotional reaction elicited by primary or a process to bring emotion ...
Definitions - Brain Mind Forum
... binary digital codes based on the Morse code. Complex systems like the weather, or the economy can be expressed as mathematical models just using patterns of bits. Computers store and process these codes strictly according to a hierarchy of rule based algorithms which we think of as programs – actua ...
... binary digital codes based on the Morse code. Complex systems like the weather, or the economy can be expressed as mathematical models just using patterns of bits. Computers store and process these codes strictly according to a hierarchy of rule based algorithms which we think of as programs – actua ...
Categories in the Brain - Rice University -
... Categories are in the mind, not in the real world Categories and their memberships vary from one language/culture system to another Categories influence thinking, in both appropriate and inappropriate ways ...
... Categories are in the mind, not in the real world Categories and their memberships vary from one language/culture system to another Categories influence thinking, in both appropriate and inappropriate ways ...
Gluck_OutlinePPT_Ch10 part 1
... A person or animal perceives that they are unable to change a situation, even if the situation is changeable. This feeling of futility is thought to be caused by an individual's perception of events and their perception of a lack of ability to control these events. The state of helplessness is learn ...
... A person or animal perceives that they are unable to change a situation, even if the situation is changeable. This feeling of futility is thought to be caused by an individual's perception of events and their perception of a lack of ability to control these events. The state of helplessness is learn ...
GustOlf9
... Projections (Fig. 9-9): Olfactory tract bifurcates into lateral and medial olfactory striae. Axons from other brain regions projecting to olfactory bulb synapse with the medial. Axons from the olfactory bulb itself lateral. One 1° projection (cortical region) is seen directly caudal to these on ba ...
... Projections (Fig. 9-9): Olfactory tract bifurcates into lateral and medial olfactory striae. Axons from other brain regions projecting to olfactory bulb synapse with the medial. Axons from the olfactory bulb itself lateral. One 1° projection (cortical region) is seen directly caudal to these on ba ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.