The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... lying discreteness of spikes and silences is informative even in large populations of neurons. In general, populations of neurons with similar feature selectivity could function in two very different ways. In one view, the signals carried by the different cells are redundant and primarily independen ...
... lying discreteness of spikes and silences is informative even in large populations of neurons. In general, populations of neurons with similar feature selectivity could function in two very different ways. In one view, the signals carried by the different cells are redundant and primarily independen ...
Lightweight Authentication Protocol For Smart Dust
... -means GVPP adapt to real time changes in lighting without recalibration,day or light ...
... -means GVPP adapt to real time changes in lighting without recalibration,day or light ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... Figure 1. A, Schematic illustration of the elementary stimuli (squares of light, 0.4 3 0.4°) presented at seven horizontally shifted positions within the foveal representation of the visual field. B, Composite stimuli were assembled from combinations of the elementary stimuli and were presented at s ...
... Figure 1. A, Schematic illustration of the elementary stimuli (squares of light, 0.4 3 0.4°) presented at seven horizontally shifted positions within the foveal representation of the visual field. B, Composite stimuli were assembled from combinations of the elementary stimuli and were presented at s ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... suprageniculate (SG) nuclei of the thalamus, in addition to the magnocellular (MGm) and anterior dorsal (AD) divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus. There is also an input from a population of neurons in the ventral posterior complex (VP), which is the main thalamic relay for the somatosensory s ...
... suprageniculate (SG) nuclei of the thalamus, in addition to the magnocellular (MGm) and anterior dorsal (AD) divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus. There is also an input from a population of neurons in the ventral posterior complex (VP), which is the main thalamic relay for the somatosensory s ...
Classical Conditioning
... • Although UR and CR consist of same behavior, there are subtle differences – CR usually weaker or less intense ...
... • Although UR and CR consist of same behavior, there are subtle differences – CR usually weaker or less intense ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... auditory perception and reflexes (acoustic startle response) and is laminated, where neurons of lamina are sensitive to specific frequencies. Other nuclei, such as the external nucleus, may be important for acousticomotor function. The inferior colliculus projects to the medial geniculate nucleus of ...
... auditory perception and reflexes (acoustic startle response) and is laminated, where neurons of lamina are sensitive to specific frequencies. Other nuclei, such as the external nucleus, may be important for acousticomotor function. The inferior colliculus projects to the medial geniculate nucleus of ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... representation and, in a very short time period, is able to generate experiencedependent reactivation during various stages of sleep (Wilson & McNaughton 1994; Buzsaki 1998; Kudrimoti et al. 1999; Booth & Poe 2006) and quiet waking periods (Foster & Wilson 2006). During this reactivation, the spatio ...
... representation and, in a very short time period, is able to generate experiencedependent reactivation during various stages of sleep (Wilson & McNaughton 1994; Buzsaki 1998; Kudrimoti et al. 1999; Booth & Poe 2006) and quiet waking periods (Foster & Wilson 2006). During this reactivation, the spatio ...
14.10 Insight 775 Gilbert
... Poggio et al.5 on visual hyperacuity. Poggio et al.5 proposed a threelayers feedforward network (Fig. 2b), the input layer of which consists of a small number of gaussian filters (receptive fields) that transform any input pattern into a vector of activity levels by convolving the input with the cor ...
... Poggio et al.5 on visual hyperacuity. Poggio et al.5 proposed a threelayers feedforward network (Fig. 2b), the input layer of which consists of a small number of gaussian filters (receptive fields) that transform any input pattern into a vector of activity levels by convolving the input with the cor ...
How do Migraines Happen
... subsequent inhibition in migraine sufferers with aura have also been seen in people who experience migraine without aura; those patients, too, show a large increase in blood flow followed by normal or reduced flow. This finding raises the possibility that cortical spreading depression is fundamental ...
... subsequent inhibition in migraine sufferers with aura have also been seen in people who experience migraine without aura; those patients, too, show a large increase in blood flow followed by normal or reduced flow. This finding raises the possibility that cortical spreading depression is fundamental ...
Cellular-synaptic generation of EEG activity
... combined with decreased distance between the recording sites are required for high spatial resolution and for making interpretation of the underlying cellular events possible. Progress in this field is expected to be accelerated by the availability of micromachined silicon-based probes with numerous ...
... combined with decreased distance between the recording sites are required for high spatial resolution and for making interpretation of the underlying cellular events possible. Progress in this field is expected to be accelerated by the availability of micromachined silicon-based probes with numerous ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... the basal ganglia, specifically the caudate nucleus (CD). The CD plays a pivotal role in the basal ganglia control of saccadic eye movement (Hikosaka et al. 2000). It receives inputs from association cortices, including the frontal and supplementary eye fields, and send outputs to the substantia nig ...
... the basal ganglia, specifically the caudate nucleus (CD). The CD plays a pivotal role in the basal ganglia control of saccadic eye movement (Hikosaka et al. 2000). It receives inputs from association cortices, including the frontal and supplementary eye fields, and send outputs to the substantia nig ...
12 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in Xenopus
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
- Wiley Online Library
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... notion at the end of this review. Color and Brightness Representation in V4 Color Inputs to V4. Color vision begins with the L, M, and S cones in the retina. The cone names derive from their peak wavelength (at 562 nm, 535 nm, 440 nm, respectively). The cone classes do not correspond to our percepti ...
... notion at the end of this review. Color and Brightness Representation in V4 Color Inputs to V4. Color vision begins with the L, M, and S cones in the retina. The cone names derive from their peak wavelength (at 562 nm, 535 nm, 440 nm, respectively). The cone classes do not correspond to our percepti ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may significantly influence network dynamics [2]. To understand the principles of microcircuit operation we need to identify coactive ensembles within local neuronal populations and reveal their dynamic properties when they are perfo ...
... or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may significantly influence network dynamics [2]. To understand the principles of microcircuit operation we need to identify coactive ensembles within local neuronal populations and reveal their dynamic properties when they are perfo ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... The giant cells of Betz [Betz, 1874, 1881; Brodmann, 1903, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Vogt and Vogt, 1942] are a prominent feature of area 4, found either in isolation or in small groups of three to four cells in the lower half of layer V [Brodmann, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; v ...
... The giant cells of Betz [Betz, 1874, 1881; Brodmann, 1903, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Vogt and Vogt, 1942] are a prominent feature of area 4, found either in isolation or in small groups of three to four cells in the lower half of layer V [Brodmann, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; v ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... Information about the time-to-collision or time-to-contact (TTC) has important consequences for the survival of countless species and for their skilled interaction with both the inanimate and animate objects in their environments. As a consequence it appears very probable that there may be several n ...
... Information about the time-to-collision or time-to-contact (TTC) has important consequences for the survival of countless species and for their skilled interaction with both the inanimate and animate objects in their environments. As a consequence it appears very probable that there may be several n ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors
... It was not surprising, therefore, that densemAb 270 labeling was restricted to the inner plexiform layer of the retina (Fig. 3), which contains synapsesbetween amacrine cell processesand ganglion cell dendrites. Distinct immunolabeling was also observed over the optic nerve and tract, and denselabel ...
... It was not surprising, therefore, that densemAb 270 labeling was restricted to the inner plexiform layer of the retina (Fig. 3), which contains synapsesbetween amacrine cell processesand ganglion cell dendrites. Distinct immunolabeling was also observed over the optic nerve and tract, and denselabel ...
Functional Brain Changes Following Cognitive and Motor Skills
... whereas later stages of training (ie, well-learned motor behavior) were associated with increases or “expansions” in motor/sensory areas (eg, primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area [SMA], and the basal ganglia). In contrast, cognitive training was associated with a general pattern of act ...
... whereas later stages of training (ie, well-learned motor behavior) were associated with increases or “expansions” in motor/sensory areas (eg, primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area [SMA], and the basal ganglia). In contrast, cognitive training was associated with a general pattern of act ...
Cell-Type Specific Properties of Pyramidal
... can be addressed: to what degree does the cellular properties of neurons depend on cortical location? We tested this question using pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (L5) because of their role in providing major cortical output to subcortical targets. Recently developed transgenic mice with cell-type--sp ...
... can be addressed: to what degree does the cellular properties of neurons depend on cortical location? We tested this question using pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (L5) because of their role in providing major cortical output to subcortical targets. Recently developed transgenic mice with cell-type--sp ...
General Organization of Somatosensory System
... the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception termed "proprioreceptors," just as there are specific receptors for pressure, light, temperature, so ...
... the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception termed "proprioreceptors," just as there are specific receptors for pressure, light, temperature, so ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... was elevated immediately following the stimulation train. This effect depended on the cell being visually driven, as when there was no RF stimulus present, FEF microstimulation did not change the V4 cell’s response. (Adapted from [27].) ...
... was elevated immediately following the stimulation train. This effect depended on the cell being visually driven, as when there was no RF stimulus present, FEF microstimulation did not change the V4 cell’s response. (Adapted from [27].) ...
Cortex - Anatomy and Physiology
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.