Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... hydraulic model does not provide an accurate view of how the “conscious sensations” transmitted by the posterior column fibers relate to the spinal reflexes, we should not ignore Cajal's insight: that the branching pattern must represent some close relationship between the messages that are sent thr ...
... hydraulic model does not provide an accurate view of how the “conscious sensations” transmitted by the posterior column fibers relate to the spinal reflexes, we should not ignore Cajal's insight: that the branching pattern must represent some close relationship between the messages that are sent thr ...
1 1 1 1 - UPM ASLab
... IIT calculations should come up with areas of a network that have a high Φ. These are called complexes. Complexes can shift with time. Consciousness in the brain is thought to exist in a ‘main complex’. ...
... IIT calculations should come up with areas of a network that have a high Φ. These are called complexes. Complexes can shift with time. Consciousness in the brain is thought to exist in a ‘main complex’. ...
Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
... Unfortunately, little of the brain’s great internal complexity is revealed by its size, shape, and fissures. Thus, to learn more about brain evolution, it is necessary to study the brains of extant (present-day) species and use comparative methods to deduce the organization of ancestral brains. Ther ...
... Unfortunately, little of the brain’s great internal complexity is revealed by its size, shape, and fissures. Thus, to learn more about brain evolution, it is necessary to study the brains of extant (present-day) species and use comparative methods to deduce the organization of ancestral brains. Ther ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... (Werner, 1993; Werner et al., 1997a, 1997b; Stuphorn et al., 1999; Lünenburger et al., 2001) in that they responded vigorously when the monkey made contact with or pushed against the central and/or peripheral targets on the working panel. They were inactive or only slightly active during the reach ...
... (Werner, 1993; Werner et al., 1997a, 1997b; Stuphorn et al., 1999; Lünenburger et al., 2001) in that they responded vigorously when the monkey made contact with or pushed against the central and/or peripheral targets on the working panel. They were inactive or only slightly active during the reach ...
Sensation - Macmillan Learning
... Researchers have also identified nerve cells that may respond or not, depending on how a monkey a given image. Objective 8: Define parallel processing, and discuss its role in visual information processing. 17. The brain achieves its remarkable speed in visual perception by processing several subdiv ...
... Researchers have also identified nerve cells that may respond or not, depending on how a monkey a given image. Objective 8: Define parallel processing, and discuss its role in visual information processing. 17. The brain achieves its remarkable speed in visual perception by processing several subdiv ...
Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
... integration processing capabilities to deal with the presumptive environment in which it will function. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) provides a framework for understanding these adaptations by predicting how SC afferents that are co-activated mutually reinforce each other. Recently, howe ...
... integration processing capabilities to deal with the presumptive environment in which it will function. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) provides a framework for understanding these adaptations by predicting how SC afferents that are co-activated mutually reinforce each other. Recently, howe ...
Neuronal oscillations and brain wave dynamics in a LIF model
... One might expect that periodic input produces periodic output, even if the frequencies are not directly related to eachother. However, when the input is just random noise, would this also produce periodic output? Using the same model and configuration, the only thing that was changed was that the in ...
... One might expect that periodic input produces periodic output, even if the frequencies are not directly related to eachother. However, when the input is just random noise, would this also produce periodic output? Using the same model and configuration, the only thing that was changed was that the in ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... • Since the brain is getting little information from the sense organs, images are generated without constraints or interference. • Arousal can not lead to action as the primary motor cortex and the motor neurons of the spinal cord are suppressed. • Activity in the prefrontal cortex is suppressed whi ...
... • Since the brain is getting little information from the sense organs, images are generated without constraints or interference. • Arousal can not lead to action as the primary motor cortex and the motor neurons of the spinal cord are suppressed. • Activity in the prefrontal cortex is suppressed whi ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
Pacifier Use May Decrease the Risk of SIDS Abstract Introduction
... are likely frequent but rarely end with a fatal outcome; however, they can affect infant development and possibly lead to extreme weakness of the "brainstem system," with many nuclei and cells that do not function properly. In this scenario, a baby could have a high "sensitivity" to numerous factors ...
... are likely frequent but rarely end with a fatal outcome; however, they can affect infant development and possibly lead to extreme weakness of the "brainstem system," with many nuclei and cells that do not function properly. In this scenario, a baby could have a high "sensitivity" to numerous factors ...
Neural Compensations After Lesion of the Cerebral Cortex
... Rehabilitative programs have been widely used for decades to treat people with cortical injury but to date, few well-controlled clinical studies document either the benefits, if any, from these programs or the conditions under which maximum benefits can be expected. Nonetheless, it is generally assu ...
... Rehabilitative programs have been widely used for decades to treat people with cortical injury but to date, few well-controlled clinical studies document either the benefits, if any, from these programs or the conditions under which maximum benefits can be expected. Nonetheless, it is generally assu ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
Chapter 17 Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of Normal and Abnormal
... anatomic imaging. Hence, techniques that permit the neurosurgeon to map normal and abnormal physiology are critical to the development of our field, particularly if they can be done in real time in the operating room. Currently, we map cortical electrophysiology intraoperatively using arrays of elec ...
... anatomic imaging. Hence, techniques that permit the neurosurgeon to map normal and abnormal physiology are critical to the development of our field, particularly if they can be done in real time in the operating room. Currently, we map cortical electrophysiology intraoperatively using arrays of elec ...
Timing of Impulses From the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of
... the stria terminalis (BNST) are thought to subserve distinct functions, with the former mediating rapid fear responses to discrete sensory cues and the latter longer “anxiety-like” states in response to diffuse environmental contingencies. However, these structures are reciprocally connected and the ...
... the stria terminalis (BNST) are thought to subserve distinct functions, with the former mediating rapid fear responses to discrete sensory cues and the latter longer “anxiety-like” states in response to diffuse environmental contingencies. However, these structures are reciprocally connected and the ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... relationships are obtained if cortical volume (V) is used instead of M (data not shown). These exponents indicate that cortical surface (A) increases slightly slower than cortical mass (M), and, thus, also more slowly than the number of neurons in the cortex (N). N/A ⴝ D ⴛ T: Predictions Are Not Sup ...
... relationships are obtained if cortical volume (V) is used instead of M (data not shown). These exponents indicate that cortical surface (A) increases slightly slower than cortical mass (M), and, thus, also more slowly than the number of neurons in the cortex (N). N/A ⴝ D ⴛ T: Predictions Are Not Sup ...
Huber et al. (2008), Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex
... neurons were able to follow frequencies up to 20 Hz (Fig. 1e) and in some cases up to 50 Hz (Fig. 1f). These frequencies are comparable to, or higher than, typical spike rates in the barrel cortex17. Action potentials followed the photostimuli with short delays (range 3–11 ms) and little jitter (Sup ...
... neurons were able to follow frequencies up to 20 Hz (Fig. 1e) and in some cases up to 50 Hz (Fig. 1f). These frequencies are comparable to, or higher than, typical spike rates in the barrel cortex17. Action potentials followed the photostimuli with short delays (range 3–11 ms) and little jitter (Sup ...
ppt - UC Davis Imaging Research Center
... Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Perceptual shifts – shifts between the processing of stimulus features such as color and shape Contextual shifts – shifts in the ...
... Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Perceptual shifts – shifts between the processing of stimulus features such as color and shape Contextual shifts – shifts in the ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... It was around 100 ms for the oscillation mode and 400 ms for the winner-take-all mode. Once the network reached a given mode it was stable in it for the remaining simulation time. Normalization mode. At low levels of inhibition the network operated in normalization mode, by which we mean that neuron ...
... It was around 100 ms for the oscillation mode and 400 ms for the winner-take-all mode. Once the network reached a given mode it was stable in it for the remaining simulation time. Normalization mode. At low levels of inhibition the network operated in normalization mode, by which we mean that neuron ...
Phantom Limbs and Neural Plasticity
... are important for 2 reasons: First, they suggest that, contrary to the static picture of brain maps provided by neuroanatomists, topography is extremely labile. Even in the adult brain, massive reorganization can occur over extremely short periods, and referred sensations can therefore be used as a ...
... are important for 2 reasons: First, they suggest that, contrary to the static picture of brain maps provided by neuroanatomists, topography is extremely labile. Even in the adult brain, massive reorganization can occur over extremely short periods, and referred sensations can therefore be used as a ...
PDF
... columns, with cell dense cores, are typical of the main posteromedial field in rats (Rice, 1995). Variability is not reported for other columnar systems of connections, but this is likely because many of the systems are harder to visualize globally or require specialized tissue processing. In primar ...
... columns, with cell dense cores, are typical of the main posteromedial field in rats (Rice, 1995). Variability is not reported for other columnar systems of connections, but this is likely because many of the systems are harder to visualize globally or require specialized tissue processing. In primar ...
14.FARS 3.Synthetic PET(2001) - University of Southern California
... As a computational plus (going beyond the imaging technology), we can also collect the contributions of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses separately, based on evaluating the integral in (1) over one set of synapses or the other. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, US ...
... As a computational plus (going beyond the imaging technology), we can also collect the contributions of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses separately, based on evaluating the integral in (1) over one set of synapses or the other. Michael Arbib CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, US ...
Powerpoint Slides
... • MRI is becoming very common; PET is specialized • MRI can obtain anatomical and functional images within same session • PET can resolve some areas of the brain better • in PET, isotopes can tagged to many possible tracers (e.g., glucose or dopamine) • PET can provide more direct measures about met ...
... • MRI is becoming very common; PET is specialized • MRI can obtain anatomical and functional images within same session • PET can resolve some areas of the brain better • in PET, isotopes can tagged to many possible tracers (e.g., glucose or dopamine) • PET can provide more direct measures about met ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of information about its relevant parts and functions and spares us from having to learn anew each time we encounter a new individual. The ability to categorize stimuli is a cornerstone of complex behavior. Categories are evident in all senso ...
... “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of information about its relevant parts and functions and spares us from having to learn anew each time we encounter a new individual. The ability to categorize stimuli is a cornerstone of complex behavior. Categories are evident in all senso ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... Frontal lobe and cognitive development arborization of dendrites. Perinatally, as in later life, the development of both the axons and dendrites of frontal areas seems to lag chronologically behind that of other cortical areas (Huttenlocher, 1990; Mrzljak et al., 1990; Scheibel, 1990). Given the ro ...
... Frontal lobe and cognitive development arborization of dendrites. Perinatally, as in later life, the development of both the axons and dendrites of frontal areas seems to lag chronologically behind that of other cortical areas (Huttenlocher, 1990; Mrzljak et al., 1990; Scheibel, 1990). Given the ro ...
Two Kinds of Reverse Inference in Cognitive Neuroscience
... makes essentially the same prediction but, in this case, the uniformity is due to partially overlapping motor processes being engaged in both conditions, as opposed to tokenings of the same concept.4 In short, TT and ST both predict an overlap in part of the neural pattern observed in both conditio ...
... makes essentially the same prediction but, in this case, the uniformity is due to partially overlapping motor processes being engaged in both conditions, as opposed to tokenings of the same concept.4 In short, TT and ST both predict an overlap in part of the neural pattern observed in both conditio ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.