srep31126 - University of Aberdeen
... causes of human disability worldwide. The causes are highly variable with both genetic and environmental factors predisposing to overall risk. Although heritability is estimated at between 60–80%, the genetic architecture and the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Current treatments are pall ...
... causes of human disability worldwide. The causes are highly variable with both genetic and environmental factors predisposing to overall risk. Although heritability is estimated at between 60–80%, the genetic architecture and the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Current treatments are pall ...
WHEN THE visual cortex in the occipital lobe is electrically
... wide range of temporo-spatial patterns of electrical stimulation; The studies described here provide general guidelines for the typical specifications of intracortical electrode arrays, including penetration depth and tip spacing. It seems likely that thresholds in a fully alert, experienced subject ...
... wide range of temporo-spatial patterns of electrical stimulation; The studies described here provide general guidelines for the typical specifications of intracortical electrode arrays, including penetration depth and tip spacing. It seems likely that thresholds in a fully alert, experienced subject ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... In this model, for simplicity, computation within each module is mediated by winner-take-all competitive mechanisms using lateral inhibition. This, together with reciprocal connections between V1 and higher modules, implements the so-called biased competition mechanism as recently popularized by the ...
... In this model, for simplicity, computation within each module is mediated by winner-take-all competitive mechanisms using lateral inhibition. This, together with reciprocal connections between V1 and higher modules, implements the so-called biased competition mechanism as recently popularized by the ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... Most of our knowledge about the organization of visual cortex comes from behavioral, anatomical, and physiological studies in monkeys. These studies have shown that monkey cortex contains more than 30 separate visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen 1991), which are organized into two functionally specia ...
... Most of our knowledge about the organization of visual cortex comes from behavioral, anatomical, and physiological studies in monkeys. These studies have shown that monkey cortex contains more than 30 separate visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen 1991), which are organized into two functionally specia ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... recordings from rat hippocampus (Thompson and Best, 1989) all demonstrate highly sparse responses. Prefrontal cortex shows similar sparseness in behaving rhesus monkeys (Abeles, Vaadia and Bergman, 1990). As the authors of the latter study say, most areas of association cortex are "not carrying out ...
... recordings from rat hippocampus (Thompson and Best, 1989) all demonstrate highly sparse responses. Prefrontal cortex shows similar sparseness in behaving rhesus monkeys (Abeles, Vaadia and Bergman, 1990). As the authors of the latter study say, most areas of association cortex are "not carrying out ...
Growth arrest specific gene 7 is associated with schizophrenia and
... Fig. 1 Gas7 influenced development stages of cortical neurons through F-BAR domain in vitro. a Immunoblotting revealed the Gas7 levels in the cerebral cortex (left) and hippocampus (right) during development. b Schematic representation of domain organization of Gas7. c Morphological characterization ...
... Fig. 1 Gas7 influenced development stages of cortical neurons through F-BAR domain in vitro. a Immunoblotting revealed the Gas7 levels in the cerebral cortex (left) and hippocampus (right) during development. b Schematic representation of domain organization of Gas7. c Morphological characterization ...
Basal Ganglia and Associated Pathways
... is a source of input into the basal ganglia (striatum) and serves as a modulatory pathway of the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways. Inputs into the pars compacta itself remain unclear, but at least some are from the striatum (striosome). Clinically, this pathway is most important for its ro ...
... is a source of input into the basal ganglia (striatum) and serves as a modulatory pathway of the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways. Inputs into the pars compacta itself remain unclear, but at least some are from the striatum (striosome). Clinically, this pathway is most important for its ro ...
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces
... al. (1990) and Recanzone et al. (1992a) described topographical reorganizations of hand representations in the SI cortices of monkeys trained in regulated finger contact or frequency discrimination behavioral tasks. Hand and Hand (1995) reported that the area of 2DG labeling of cortical functional r ...
... al. (1990) and Recanzone et al. (1992a) described topographical reorganizations of hand representations in the SI cortices of monkeys trained in regulated finger contact or frequency discrimination behavioral tasks. Hand and Hand (1995) reported that the area of 2DG labeling of cortical functional r ...
Impaired Reelin-Dab1 Signaling Contributes to
... sections taken from 3-5 WT- or CKO- electroporated mice. Student’s t-test was applied to assess the statistical significance. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Leading process analysis: To analyze leading process complexity and length, we prepared thick sections using a vibratome. Fo ...
... sections taken from 3-5 WT- or CKO- electroporated mice. Student’s t-test was applied to assess the statistical significance. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Leading process analysis: To analyze leading process complexity and length, we prepared thick sections using a vibratome. Fo ...
1 Spiking Neurons
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations, particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classical example is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926]. The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increases with the force applied to th ...
... This definition of rate has been successfully used in many preparations, particularly in experiments on sensory or motor systems. A classical example is the stretch receptor in a muscle spindle [Adrian, 1926]. The number of spikes emitted by the receptor neuron increases with the force applied to th ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Receives visual information from the retinas Visual Association Area Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the ...
... Receives visual information from the retinas Visual Association Area Surrounds the primary visual cortex Uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (e.g., color, form, and movement) Complex processing involves entire posterior half of the ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... you can’t understand that sentence. Our hypothesis develops this fact one step further. It says that understanding is imagination, and that what you understand of a sentence in a context is the meaning of that sentence in that context. Our proposal is not an internalist theory of meaning. The reason ...
... you can’t understand that sentence. Our hypothesis develops this fact one step further. It says that understanding is imagination, and that what you understand of a sentence in a context is the meaning of that sentence in that context. Our proposal is not an internalist theory of meaning. The reason ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... you can’t understand that sentence. Our hypothesis develops this fact one step further. It says that understanding is imagination, and that what you understand of a sentence in a context is the meaning of that sentence in that context. Our proposal is not an internalist theory of meaning. The reason ...
... you can’t understand that sentence. Our hypothesis develops this fact one step further. It says that understanding is imagination, and that what you understand of a sentence in a context is the meaning of that sentence in that context. Our proposal is not an internalist theory of meaning. The reason ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
The 18th European Conference on Artificial - CEUR
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... temporal area (area MT). Their hypothesis was that the perceptual experience of determining the direction of visual motion reflected the activity of discrete neuronal groups in area MT. To test this hypothesis, monkeys were trained to perform a simple sensory to motor decision-making task believed t ...
... temporal area (area MT). Their hypothesis was that the perceptual experience of determining the direction of visual motion reflected the activity of discrete neuronal groups in area MT. To test this hypothesis, monkeys were trained to perform a simple sensory to motor decision-making task believed t ...
Layer-Specific Markers as Probes for Neuron Type Identity in
... patterns in MCDs. In this article, I review the neurobiology and applications of layer-specific molecular markers, with an emphasis on practical considerations for neuropathologists, including technical aspects, limitations, and caveats. Whereas layer-specific markers are already well-established pr ...
... patterns in MCDs. In this article, I review the neurobiology and applications of layer-specific molecular markers, with an emphasis on practical considerations for neuropathologists, including technical aspects, limitations, and caveats. Whereas layer-specific markers are already well-established pr ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., peripheral vi intelligible speech during the early years of life, meaningful au sion is better in people who are born deaf ...
... to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., peripheral vi intelligible speech during the early years of life, meaningful au sion is better in people who are born deaf ...
General somatic motor nuclei
... Diffused mass of neurons and nerve fibers forming an ill-defined meshwork of reticulum in the central portion of the brainstem. ...
... Diffused mass of neurons and nerve fibers forming an ill-defined meshwork of reticulum in the central portion of the brainstem. ...
Theoretical Systems Neuroscience
... The main function of the brain is to make use of perceptual input to generate relevant behavioral output. In order to do this, it needs to create and manipulate informative representations of the world. To start with the basics, we only focus on a tiny as ...
... The main function of the brain is to make use of perceptual input to generate relevant behavioral output. In order to do this, it needs to create and manipulate informative representations of the world. To start with the basics, we only focus on a tiny as ...
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
... To achieve full physical coverage of the brain at cellular resolution, we recorded the volume plane by plane in steps of 5 µm with a light sheet 4.25 ± 0.80 µm thick (full width at half maximum, mean ± s.d. across brain volume, n = 81), which is slightly more than half the average diameter of cell b ...
... To achieve full physical coverage of the brain at cellular resolution, we recorded the volume plane by plane in steps of 5 µm with a light sheet 4.25 ± 0.80 µm thick (full width at half maximum, mean ± s.d. across brain volume, n = 81), which is slightly more than half the average diameter of cell b ...
The role of Pitx3 in survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
... motor control, reward, emotional and motivated behavior, and is of clinical importance because of its implication in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The A9 cell group located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) has preferred projections to the dorsal striatum forming the nigrostriata ...
... motor control, reward, emotional and motivated behavior, and is of clinical importance because of its implication in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The A9 cell group located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) has preferred projections to the dorsal striatum forming the nigrostriata ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
PDF
... In this article we first point at the expansion of associative cortical areas in primates, as well as at the intrinsic changes in the structure of the cortical column. There is a huge increase in proportion of glutamatergic cortical projecting neurons located in the upper cortical layers (II/III). In ...
... In this article we first point at the expansion of associative cortical areas in primates, as well as at the intrinsic changes in the structure of the cortical column. There is a huge increase in proportion of glutamatergic cortical projecting neurons located in the upper cortical layers (II/III). In ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.