PPT
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates
... The ventral half of the developing neural tube. Type of neuron characterized by a cell body with two processes, rather than only one process or more than two processes. In craniates, this type of neuron is sensory and has the cell body located in a ganglion near the central nervous system, into whic ...
... The ventral half of the developing neural tube. Type of neuron characterized by a cell body with two processes, rather than only one process or more than two processes. In craniates, this type of neuron is sensory and has the cell body located in a ganglion near the central nervous system, into whic ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... importance of understanding the intracortical neuronal dynamics associated with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, direct recordings from neocortex, especially functionally interconnecting regions, during anesthesia are rare in primates. Moreover, the neurophysiological changes during the transitio ...
... importance of understanding the intracortical neuronal dynamics associated with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, direct recordings from neocortex, especially functionally interconnecting regions, during anesthesia are rare in primates. Moreover, the neurophysiological changes during the transitio ...
Mutual Interests, Different Lenses: Current
... is more than warranted. If we know with our brains (no one is saying with our brains alone), persons of knowledge should know about the brain. At least one other reason justifies attention to the brain. In 1985 Gazzaniga published The Social Nature of the Brain, in which he argued for the brain’s dep ...
... is more than warranted. If we know with our brains (no one is saying with our brains alone), persons of knowledge should know about the brain. At least one other reason justifies attention to the brain. In 1985 Gazzaniga published The Social Nature of the Brain, in which he argued for the brain’s dep ...
Full Text
... C-fiber activation (N) may be the core element of “pain” perception (M) but other parts of the brain (N1, N2 …) may be active at the same time and perhaps contribute to the perception of the “pain” (41, 42). The concept of context-sensitivity is consistent with the recent supporting evidence based o ...
... C-fiber activation (N) may be the core element of “pain” perception (M) but other parts of the brain (N1, N2 …) may be active at the same time and perhaps contribute to the perception of the “pain” (41, 42). The concept of context-sensitivity is consistent with the recent supporting evidence based o ...
Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in axon terminals from the olfactory
... perfusion-fixed through the heart with 4% formaldehyde for 30 s followed by 1 litre of 5% glutaraldehyde (both fixatives prepared in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4). The brains were removed from the skull and postfixed overnight at 4 "C. Both the lateral olfactory tract and the piriform cortex were ...
... perfusion-fixed through the heart with 4% formaldehyde for 30 s followed by 1 litre of 5% glutaraldehyde (both fixatives prepared in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4). The brains were removed from the skull and postfixed overnight at 4 "C. Both the lateral olfactory tract and the piriform cortex were ...
Basal Forebrain Projections to Somatosensory Cortex in
... 1984), and monkeys (Merzenich et al. 1983). As in immature cat visual cortex, experience-dependent modifications of somatosensory cortex appear to be modulated by behavioral state (Merzenich 1987). Dykes (1990) proposed that the cortical cholinergic projection is one neural substrate of this modulat ...
... 1984), and monkeys (Merzenich et al. 1983). As in immature cat visual cortex, experience-dependent modifications of somatosensory cortex appear to be modulated by behavioral state (Merzenich 1987). Dykes (1990) proposed that the cortical cholinergic projection is one neural substrate of this modulat ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... thalamic-relay nuclei, as well as to the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, is a pair of acetylcholine-producing cell groups: the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (PPT/LDT)5. The neurons in the PPT/LDT fire most rapidly during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which i ...
... thalamic-relay nuclei, as well as to the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, is a pair of acetylcholine-producing cell groups: the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (PPT/LDT)5. The neurons in the PPT/LDT fire most rapidly during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which i ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... cortex associated with altered attentional response modulation in visual cortex? In the present study we recorded from area V1 in the learning version of the searchthen-trace task to investigate a number of questions. First, in previous work the modulation of the neuronal activity by task relevance ...
... cortex associated with altered attentional response modulation in visual cortex? In the present study we recorded from area V1 in the learning version of the searchthen-trace task to investigate a number of questions. First, in previous work the modulation of the neuronal activity by task relevance ...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
... High velocity translational (inferior frontal and temporal lobes) High velocity rotational (shearing at grey-white interface) ...
... High velocity translational (inferior frontal and temporal lobes) High velocity rotational (shearing at grey-white interface) ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... Most of our knowledge about the organization of visual cortex comes from behavioral, anatomical, and physiological studies in monkeys. These studies have shown that monkey cortex contains more than 30 separate visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen 1991), which are organized into two functionally specia ...
... Most of our knowledge about the organization of visual cortex comes from behavioral, anatomical, and physiological studies in monkeys. These studies have shown that monkey cortex contains more than 30 separate visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen 1991), which are organized into two functionally specia ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Where do available data constrain the assumptions of our model? Where do available data set challenges for the simulations with our model to “explain”? Where do gaps in the data provide opportunities for the modeling to make predictions which suggest new experiments? ...
... Where do available data constrain the assumptions of our model? Where do available data set challenges for the simulations with our model to “explain”? Where do gaps in the data provide opportunities for the modeling to make predictions which suggest new experiments? ...
The Nervous System - Blackwell Publishing
... Your strategic planning and your ability to concentrate on limited, key aspects of your surroundings required frontal lobe function – brain function that is mediated by the most anterior portion of the brain. Your feelings of excitement and emotion result partly from the effects of hormones secreted ...
... Your strategic planning and your ability to concentrate on limited, key aspects of your surroundings required frontal lobe function – brain function that is mediated by the most anterior portion of the brain. Your feelings of excitement and emotion result partly from the effects of hormones secreted ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... the right hand side, they are not. These two images differ at a location far from the two red dots. Connectedness is a transitive property, and the grouping of connected image elements can therefore depend on long chains of more local groupings (see also Minsky & Papert 1990). The third example, ill ...
... the right hand side, they are not. These two images differ at a location far from the two red dots. Connectedness is a transitive property, and the grouping of connected image elements can therefore depend on long chains of more local groupings (see also Minsky & Papert 1990). The third example, ill ...
ling411-16 - Rice University
... The left-hand vs. right-hand experiment ‘Mirror neurons’ in motor cortex Articulation as aid to phonological perception Articulation in reading Motor activity in listening to music Watching an athletic event ...
... The left-hand vs. right-hand experiment ‘Mirror neurons’ in motor cortex Articulation as aid to phonological perception Articulation in reading Motor activity in listening to music Watching an athletic event ...
ch_12_lecture_outline_a
... perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is lateralization of cortical function in the hemispheres ...
... perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is lateralization of cortical function in the hemispheres ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... may vary in cell type and number, in internal and external connectivity, and in mode of neuronal processing between different large entities; within any single large entity they have a basic similarity of internal design and operation. Modules are most commonly grouped into entities by sets of domin ...
... may vary in cell type and number, in internal and external connectivity, and in mode of neuronal processing between different large entities; within any single large entity they have a basic similarity of internal design and operation. Modules are most commonly grouped into entities by sets of domin ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... increasing the pyramidal neuron’s signal-to-noise ratio (Wörgötter and Koch 1991). Both mechanisms may operate collectively in the construction of spatial tuning by local circuits in cerebral cortex (Martin 1988; Wörgötter and Koch 1991). Spatial tuning was also observed in the dorsolateral pref ...
... increasing the pyramidal neuron’s signal-to-noise ratio (Wörgötter and Koch 1991). Both mechanisms may operate collectively in the construction of spatial tuning by local circuits in cerebral cortex (Martin 1988; Wörgötter and Koch 1991). Spatial tuning was also observed in the dorsolateral pref ...
Classical Conditioning PPT
... response prior to conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally naturally and automatically - triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UCR): in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the UCS ...
... response prior to conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally naturally and automatically - triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UCR): in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the UCS ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... Simple cells: experimental classification Precise characterization of the linear and nonlinear summation of visual signals of cortical cells was achieved by experiments with drifting and contrast reversal gratings, such as in Movshon et al. (1978), De Valois et al. (1982), and Spitzer and Hochstein ...
... Simple cells: experimental classification Precise characterization of the linear and nonlinear summation of visual signals of cortical cells was achieved by experiments with drifting and contrast reversal gratings, such as in Movshon et al. (1978), De Valois et al. (1982), and Spitzer and Hochstein ...
Hasson-JNeurosci2008.. - Center for Neural Science
... Real-world events unfold at different time scales and, therefore, cognitive and neuronal processes must likewise occur at different time scales. We present a novel procedure that identifies brain regions responsive to sensory information accumulated over different time scales. We measured functional ...
... Real-world events unfold at different time scales and, therefore, cognitive and neuronal processes must likewise occur at different time scales. We present a novel procedure that identifies brain regions responsive to sensory information accumulated over different time scales. We measured functional ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... Dashed curves are gabor fittings. In D the cell shows a higher visual response (orientation selective) for a gaze at the center of the screen than for the other directions. The dashed curves are gaussian fittings. In E (recorded in calcarine V1, retinal eccentricity )22.5° the cell is a Near type cell ...
... Dashed curves are gabor fittings. In D the cell shows a higher visual response (orientation selective) for a gaze at the center of the screen than for the other directions. The dashed curves are gaussian fittings. In E (recorded in calcarine V1, retinal eccentricity )22.5° the cell is a Near type cell ...
Module 22: Hypnosis and Meditation
... meditation that does not require any lifestyle changes and follows a simple format. – Sit with eyes closed and say a mantra or focus on breathing over and over allowing distracting thoughts to fall away. ...
... meditation that does not require any lifestyle changes and follows a simple format. – Sit with eyes closed and say a mantra or focus on breathing over and over allowing distracting thoughts to fall away. ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... peak ERs, forward cells are slow cells in the LM. Upward, downward, and backward cells are slow cells in the nBOR. Fast cells code all directions in both nuclei. The fact that the LM contains more neurons responsive to fast stimuli than does the nBOR, and the fact that the fast LM ERs prefer faster ...
... peak ERs, forward cells are slow cells in the LM. Upward, downward, and backward cells are slow cells in the nBOR. Fast cells code all directions in both nuclei. The fact that the LM contains more neurons responsive to fast stimuli than does the nBOR, and the fact that the fast LM ERs prefer faster ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.