Understanding genetic, neurophysiological, and experiential
... Perhaps most fundamentally though, there is growing evidence that complex cognitive operations that support EF are not localized in lateral PFC, but are distributed over a network of regions, including anterior cingulate, lateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortices, as wel ...
... Perhaps most fundamentally though, there is growing evidence that complex cognitive operations that support EF are not localized in lateral PFC, but are distributed over a network of regions, including anterior cingulate, lateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortices, as wel ...
The Somatosensory System
... • Major sensory relay station • Deep gray matter structure part of the diencephalon • Convey different types of input to the cortex ...
... • Major sensory relay station • Deep gray matter structure part of the diencephalon • Convey different types of input to the cortex ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... ABSTRACT. The alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (15-25 Hz) and gamma (30-60 Hz) bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the c ...
... ABSTRACT. The alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (15-25 Hz) and gamma (30-60 Hz) bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the c ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... actions toward them, and in the retrieval of action knowledge (Haaland et al. 2000). By definition, apraxic subjects should show preserved object identification. On the other hand, there are several reports on record of patients who show a profound impairment of object knowledge but can nonetheless ge ...
... actions toward them, and in the retrieval of action knowledge (Haaland et al. 2000). By definition, apraxic subjects should show preserved object identification. On the other hand, there are several reports on record of patients who show a profound impairment of object knowledge but can nonetheless ge ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... the total neuronalpopulation wasimmunoreactive for CRF and these were chiefly bipolar cells (width, * 10 pm; length, +20 wm). Becauseof their strongimmunoreactivity, the morphology of the CRF-positive cells was very clear. These positive cells were mainly horizontally oriented in layer I (Fig. 20) a ...
... the total neuronalpopulation wasimmunoreactive for CRF and these were chiefly bipolar cells (width, * 10 pm; length, +20 wm). Becauseof their strongimmunoreactivity, the morphology of the CRF-positive cells was very clear. These positive cells were mainly horizontally oriented in layer I (Fig. 20) a ...
Cerebral Cortex Lect
... Projection Fibers — fibers that leave the cerebral white matter. Projection fibers form the internal capsule. Two categories of projection fibers are: 1] corticofugal: terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord; 2] corticopedal: typically originate in thalamus & terminate in cerebral c ...
... Projection Fibers — fibers that leave the cerebral white matter. Projection fibers form the internal capsule. Two categories of projection fibers are: 1] corticofugal: terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord; 2] corticopedal: typically originate in thalamus & terminate in cerebral c ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
... corticogenesis cannot be understood uniquely in terms of molecular prespecification but must also take into account the internal and external environmental factors that modulate organization as cortical development unfolds. The developing sensory apparatus produces environmental information from whi ...
8-9 Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli
... • Complex Reflexes • Many spinal reflexes have at least one interneuron between the sensory (afferent) neuron and the motor (efferent) neuron • Interneurons…a review – Located ONLY in the central nervous system – Responsible for: » Interconnecting neurons » Distribution of sensory information ...
... • Complex Reflexes • Many spinal reflexes have at least one interneuron between the sensory (afferent) neuron and the motor (efferent) neuron • Interneurons…a review – Located ONLY in the central nervous system – Responsible for: » Interconnecting neurons » Distribution of sensory information ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... mediated by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Wang, 1999). Conceptually, this means that working memory local circuits do not operate as fast switches with millisecond-scale transition times. Instead, neural computation is more like an integration in the sense of calculus, at least up to a ...
... mediated by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Wang, 1999). Conceptually, this means that working memory local circuits do not operate as fast switches with millisecond-scale transition times. Instead, neural computation is more like an integration in the sense of calculus, at least up to a ...
Words in the Brain - Rice University -
... Hierarchy in functional webs • A functional web is hierarchically organized – Bottom levels in primary areas – Lower levels closer to primary areas – Higher (more abstract) levels in • Associative areas – e.g., angular gyrus • Executive areas – prefrontal • These higher areas are much larger in huma ...
... Hierarchy in functional webs • A functional web is hierarchically organized – Bottom levels in primary areas – Lower levels closer to primary areas – Higher (more abstract) levels in • Associative areas – e.g., angular gyrus • Executive areas – prefrontal • These higher areas are much larger in huma ...
Central Nervous System I. Brain - Function A. Hindbrain 1. Medulla
... area results in contraction of specific skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body. The body parts are not represented in proportion to their size. More cortical area is devoted to those muscles involved in skilled, complex or delicate movement compared to muscles involved in gross movements. ...
... area results in contraction of specific skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body. The body parts are not represented in proportion to their size. More cortical area is devoted to those muscles involved in skilled, complex or delicate movement compared to muscles involved in gross movements. ...
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... Figure 1. Example of a monkey F5 mirror neuron responding to action observation in full vision (a) and hidden (b) conditions. The lower part of each panel illustrates the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand starting from a fixed position, moving ...
... Figure 1. Example of a monkey F5 mirror neuron responding to action observation in full vision (a) and hidden (b) conditions. The lower part of each panel illustrates the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand starting from a fixed position, moving ...
Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
... distinguished from neuronal assemblies coding for different objects by an absence of synchrony between them. These proposals revived the interest in the detailed dynamics of neuronal activity, and they are supported by recent experimental evidence (Eckhorn 1994; KoÈnig and Engel 1995; Singer and Gra ...
Corticobasal Syndrome Associated With the A9D Progranulin Mutation
... been affected with a dementia/movement disorder phenotype. The proband presented at age 45 with spontaneous left arm levitation, ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. ...
... been affected with a dementia/movement disorder phenotype. The proband presented at age 45 with spontaneous left arm levitation, ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying map patterns that are observed in non-rodent species, but characteristic features of these patterns are preserved across a wide range of evolutionarily distant species. Specifically, primate and cat V1 orie ...
... It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying map patterns that are observed in non-rodent species, but characteristic features of these patterns are preserved across a wide range of evolutionarily distant species. Specifically, primate and cat V1 orie ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... 20; 29]). However, to date, only one computational model has included the development of spatial frequency selectivity. In this so-called Miller's model [18], OR preference and spatial frequency selectivity develop together, and perhaps because of the interactions between these two domains, does no ...
... 20; 29]). However, to date, only one computational model has included the development of spatial frequency selectivity. In this so-called Miller's model [18], OR preference and spatial frequency selectivity develop together, and perhaps because of the interactions between these two domains, does no ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
Visual signals in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus of the alert
... (Fig. 1A and B). The magnitude of the transient response was related to the size of the test spot stimulus. For a 1.7 deg test spot moving at about 0.4 Hz + 10 deg, the amplitude of the burst was 283 spikes/s (Fig. 1A). When a 0.6 deg test spot was moved at the same frequency and amplitude, the cell ...
... (Fig. 1A and B). The magnitude of the transient response was related to the size of the test spot stimulus. For a 1.7 deg test spot moving at about 0.4 Hz + 10 deg, the amplitude of the burst was 283 spikes/s (Fig. 1A). When a 0.6 deg test spot was moved at the same frequency and amplitude, the cell ...
pjp6`2001.vp:CorelVentura 7.0 - Institute of Pharmacology
... form already in physiological conditions. The size of GR-immunopositive nuclei varied from relatively large ones in the locus coeruleus to large ones and moderately small in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Size of stained nuclei may indicate that in the locus coeruleus, GR are prese ...
... form already in physiological conditions. The size of GR-immunopositive nuclei varied from relatively large ones in the locus coeruleus to large ones and moderately small in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Size of stained nuclei may indicate that in the locus coeruleus, GR are prese ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... increasing size with eccentricity. These trends are demonstrated in the frontal eye fields (FEF), ...
... increasing size with eccentricity. These trends are demonstrated in the frontal eye fields (FEF), ...
Theme 4: Rhythmical movements (6 p)
... After some time you suddenly spot a chanterelle in the periphery of your visual field, by the side of your walking path. Describe in a concise way the sequence of events in your CNS that allows you to quickly direct you gaze towards the mushroom, mentioning the different regions involved and explain ...
... After some time you suddenly spot a chanterelle in the periphery of your visual field, by the side of your walking path. Describe in a concise way the sequence of events in your CNS that allows you to quickly direct you gaze towards the mushroom, mentioning the different regions involved and explain ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... the stimulus moving for 1634 ms in each direction; stimulus presentation was interrupted by two phases where dots first appeared on a black screen and paused for several milliseconds before they started to expand or contract). In addition, the neuronal activity was measured during a 5000 ms presentat ...
... the stimulus moving for 1634 ms in each direction; stimulus presentation was interrupted by two phases where dots first appeared on a black screen and paused for several milliseconds before they started to expand or contract). In addition, the neuronal activity was measured during a 5000 ms presentat ...
Mapping image data to stereotaxic spaces: Applications to brain
... performance. Specifically, we determined that the female splenium is significantly more bulbous than the male splenium, and that bulbosity correlates with performance in women but not in men; this is in agreement with the hypothesis that women process verbal and visuospatial tasks more bilaterally. ...
... performance. Specifically, we determined that the female splenium is significantly more bulbous than the male splenium, and that bulbosity correlates with performance in women but not in men; this is in agreement with the hypothesis that women process verbal and visuospatial tasks more bilaterally. ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.