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... the normal orderly progression of BFs recorded in the rat A1. Each polygon represents one electrode penetration. The color of each polygon indicates the BF in kilohertz. The polygons (Voronoi tessellations) were generated so that every point on the cortical surface was assumed to have the characteri ...
... the normal orderly progression of BFs recorded in the rat A1. Each polygon represents one electrode penetration. The color of each polygon indicates the BF in kilohertz. The polygons (Voronoi tessellations) were generated so that every point on the cortical surface was assumed to have the characteri ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... Some upper brainstem cholinergic neurons (pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in r ...
... Some upper brainstem cholinergic neurons (pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in r ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... the data). As right and left motion-sensitive areas did not differ significantly in their activation, homologous regions were averaged between hemispheres. This provided a measure of the percentage change in BOLD contrast from the mean activity (over all coherence levels, but not including null tria ...
... the data). As right and left motion-sensitive areas did not differ significantly in their activation, homologous regions were averaged between hemispheres. This provided a measure of the percentage change in BOLD contrast from the mean activity (over all coherence levels, but not including null tria ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... used to solve the structure of cortical microcircuits. Where real structural studies are made in vivo, it is usually at the level of populations of labeled neurons observed through the light microscope. Thus, although the anatomical basis of the visual field map (retinotopy) and the segregated input ...
... used to solve the structure of cortical microcircuits. Where real structural studies are made in vivo, it is usually at the level of populations of labeled neurons observed through the light microscope. Thus, although the anatomical basis of the visual field map (retinotopy) and the segregated input ...
Neural Nets
... If Xk is in X- but misclassified, take wk+1 = wk - ck Xk. If Xk is in X+ but misclassified, take wk+1 = wk + ck Xk. The sequence ck should be chosen according to the data. Overly large constant values can lead to oscillation during training. Values that are too small will increase training time. How ...
... If Xk is in X- but misclassified, take wk+1 = wk - ck Xk. If Xk is in X+ but misclassified, take wk+1 = wk + ck Xk. The sequence ck should be chosen according to the data. Overly large constant values can lead to oscillation during training. Values that are too small will increase training time. How ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black arrows in Figs. 2a and 3a, which share the same value of f2 but differ in the value of f1, show that the neurons’ responses to the second stimulus were strongly modulated by f ...
... f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black arrows in Figs. 2a and 3a, which share the same value of f2 but differ in the value of f1, show that the neurons’ responses to the second stimulus were strongly modulated by f ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... In general, the brains of individuals with epilepsy do not work effectively between seizures. Motor nerves are the ones that carry sensory information to the brain. Neural networks integrate sensory information and motor instructions from the brain. The two main parts of the nervous system are the c ...
... In general, the brains of individuals with epilepsy do not work effectively between seizures. Motor nerves are the ones that carry sensory information to the brain. Neural networks integrate sensory information and motor instructions from the brain. The two main parts of the nervous system are the c ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is lateralization of cortical function in the hemispheres ...
... perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is lateralization of cortical function in the hemispheres ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. Sparse coding. The responses of MTL neurons ...
... into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. Sparse coding. The responses of MTL neurons ...
Human Development VIII: A Theory of “Deep” Quantum Chemistry
... down to ADP and P, a protein is statistically forced into one allosteric shape with the proteins typical power. When it switches back and releases its build-in energy it must be recharged to work again. In this way the proteins are “paid” to dance, and the dance is typically a thing that happens in ...
... down to ADP and P, a protein is statistically forced into one allosteric shape with the proteins typical power. When it switches back and releases its build-in energy it must be recharged to work again. In this way the proteins are “paid” to dance, and the dance is typically a thing that happens in ...
The nature of cognitive development
... emerged recently (reviewed in [8]), and in this recent paper, Cohen et al. have presented a model of development of causality perception that maps well onto behavioral evidence from infants. The third challenge, that of neurophysiological plausibility, is perhaps the most daunting, given how little ...
... emerged recently (reviewed in [8]), and in this recent paper, Cohen et al. have presented a model of development of causality perception that maps well onto behavioral evidence from infants. The third challenge, that of neurophysiological plausibility, is perhaps the most daunting, given how little ...
Analogues of simple and complex cells in rhesus monkey auditory
... categories of cells with distinct receptive field (RF) types (1): Simple cells have discrete subareas of a particular orientation that respond either to the onset or the offset of a small spot of light; complex cells, by contrast, respond with mixed ON and OFF responses throughout their RF. In additi ...
... categories of cells with distinct receptive field (RF) types (1): Simple cells have discrete subareas of a particular orientation that respond either to the onset or the offset of a small spot of light; complex cells, by contrast, respond with mixed ON and OFF responses throughout their RF. In additi ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... The midbrain is involved in the relay of information between the brain and the hindbrain and forebrain. A midbrain structure called the reticular formation is involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior. The highest region of the brain is called the forebrain. A forebrain structure that plays impo ...
... The midbrain is involved in the relay of information between the brain and the hindbrain and forebrain. A midbrain structure called the reticular formation is involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior. The highest region of the brain is called the forebrain. A forebrain structure that plays impo ...
Melting the Iceberg
... sharp transitions as they emerge from the floor. To find the solution to these two problems, Finn et al. (2007) took the final step and measured the impact of noise fluctuations in membrane potential (Figures 1G–1I). Previous work from the Ferster laboratory had demonstrated that these fluctuations ...
... sharp transitions as they emerge from the floor. To find the solution to these two problems, Finn et al. (2007) took the final step and measured the impact of noise fluctuations in membrane potential (Figures 1G–1I). Previous work from the Ferster laboratory had demonstrated that these fluctuations ...
A Cognitive Computation Fallacy?
... simulation of the operation of the human brain—a massively complex and detailed artificial neural network. If, at a very fine-grained level, each group of simulated neurons was functionally identical to its counterpart in the real brain then, via Dancing Qualia and Fading Qualia arguments, Chalmers ...
... simulation of the operation of the human brain—a massively complex and detailed artificial neural network. If, at a very fine-grained level, each group of simulated neurons was functionally identical to its counterpart in the real brain then, via Dancing Qualia and Fading Qualia arguments, Chalmers ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to
... Abstract. Visual occlusion events constitute a major source of depth information. Wehave developed a neural network model that learns to detect and represent depth relations, after a period of exposure to motion sequences containing occlusion and disocclusion events. The network’s learning is govern ...
... Abstract. Visual occlusion events constitute a major source of depth information. Wehave developed a neural network model that learns to detect and represent depth relations, after a period of exposure to motion sequences containing occlusion and disocclusion events. The network’s learning is govern ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... PGO waves are the first predictor of REM sleep ACh neurons in the peribrachial pons modulate REM sleep Increased ACh increases REM sleep Peribrachial neurons fire at a high rate during REM sleep Peribrachial lesions reduce REM sleep ...
... PGO waves are the first predictor of REM sleep ACh neurons in the peribrachial pons modulate REM sleep Increased ACh increases REM sleep Peribrachial neurons fire at a high rate during REM sleep Peribrachial lesions reduce REM sleep ...
Single-trial decoding of intended eye movement goals from lateral
... First published November 11, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00788.2015.—Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) encode sensory and cognitive signals, as well as commands for goal-directed actions. Therefore, the LPFC might be a good signal source for a goal-selection brain-computer interface (BCI) tha ...
... First published November 11, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00788.2015.—Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) encode sensory and cognitive signals, as well as commands for goal-directed actions. Therefore, the LPFC might be a good signal source for a goal-selection brain-computer interface (BCI) tha ...
Structural Loop Between the Cerebellum and the Superior Temporal
... temporal cortex. The STS, predominantly in the right hemisphere, is considered a major hub within the cortical network underpinning visual social cognition and biological motion processing (e.g., Bonda et al. 1996; Allison et al. 2000; Beauchamp et al. 2002; Grossman and Blake 2002; Pelphrey et al. ...
... temporal cortex. The STS, predominantly in the right hemisphere, is considered a major hub within the cortical network underpinning visual social cognition and biological motion processing (e.g., Bonda et al. 1996; Allison et al. 2000; Beauchamp et al. 2002; Grossman and Blake 2002; Pelphrey et al. ...
Psychological Processes
... • Amount of information stored in memory within the same ‘content’ domain • Particular retrieval cues available at that time eg. ...
... • Amount of information stored in memory within the same ‘content’ domain • Particular retrieval cues available at that time eg. ...
Evolutionary roots offreedom
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
Habit formation
... more rigid and consistent over the course of learning and practice. Several studies have characterized the neural correlates of this type of action automaticity in canonical habitpromoting brain regions, the DLS and IL cortex, and they find striking relationships to behavior and distinctions between ...
... more rigid and consistent over the course of learning and practice. Several studies have characterized the neural correlates of this type of action automaticity in canonical habitpromoting brain regions, the DLS and IL cortex, and they find striking relationships to behavior and distinctions between ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... of spontaneous activity in the system. Such conductance measurements should be corroborated with an analysis of the level of spontaneous activity to verify what component of the conductance variations are really due to the input. Second, the finding that most spikes in awake cat association cortex ...
... of spontaneous activity in the system. Such conductance measurements should be corroborated with an analysis of the level of spontaneous activity to verify what component of the conductance variations are really due to the input. Second, the finding that most spikes in awake cat association cortex ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... o PMA: intention to perform a movement and selection of a movement based on external events o SMA: involved in programming complex sequences of movements and coordinating bilateral movements, especially selecting movements based on remembered sequences of movements. o Premotor & supplementary motor ...
... o PMA: intention to perform a movement and selection of a movement based on external events o SMA: involved in programming complex sequences of movements and coordinating bilateral movements, especially selecting movements based on remembered sequences of movements. o Premotor & supplementary motor ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... Recognition of visual stimulus features depends on the flow of action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linea ...
... Recognition of visual stimulus features depends on the flow of action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linea ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.