Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... presented varying saccade target arrays, with different rewards associated with specific target alternatives [34]. Despite a constant reward associated with a saccade to the neural RF, LIP activity is nevertheless suppressed by the value of extra-RF target alternatives (Figure 2a). Coupled with exc ...
... presented varying saccade target arrays, with different rewards associated with specific target alternatives [34]. Despite a constant reward associated with a saccade to the neural RF, LIP activity is nevertheless suppressed by the value of extra-RF target alternatives (Figure 2a). Coupled with exc ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... condition differs from the other three conditions in terms of reaction time and errors. Therefore, we also performed a planned contrast, using the following contrast weights: +3 for contralateral-movement-to-dots and –1 for the three other conditions. This allowed us to test our hypothesis that brai ...
... condition differs from the other three conditions in terms of reaction time and errors. Therefore, we also performed a planned contrast, using the following contrast weights: +3 for contralateral-movement-to-dots and –1 for the three other conditions. This allowed us to test our hypothesis that brai ...
The triune organism – an abstract
... Part 1: Hypotheses and methods In science and education the world is divided in (more or less) separate fields of research. An organism may e.g. be studied in light of its anatomy, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, ethology, etc. This catalogue of specialized subjects has become very long, an ...
... Part 1: Hypotheses and methods In science and education the world is divided in (more or less) separate fields of research. An organism may e.g. be studied in light of its anatomy, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, ethology, etc. This catalogue of specialized subjects has become very long, an ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... modulations alone. The mechanism, which causes motor neurons to synchronize their activities, may depend on common input within the same area or from other areas, or may be due to network interactions among subsets of neurons coding for similar preferred directions (see discussion in Section 6.2.5). ...
... modulations alone. The mechanism, which causes motor neurons to synchronize their activities, may depend on common input within the same area or from other areas, or may be due to network interactions among subsets of neurons coding for similar preferred directions (see discussion in Section 6.2.5). ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
alphabet of human thought
... o Need to just shape our envnt to understand our behavior, no need for mind/thinking theories o Study all this by animals if it’s the same, because learning principles in humans will appear in animals Classical conditioning: associating one stimulus with another for a response o Learning one cue (co ...
... o Need to just shape our envnt to understand our behavior, no need for mind/thinking theories o Study all this by animals if it’s the same, because learning principles in humans will appear in animals Classical conditioning: associating one stimulus with another for a response o Learning one cue (co ...
Local integration 2
... • How do we move from coarse-grained correlations between blood flow and cognitive activity to an understanding of how cognitive activity takes place • We want to know not just where cognitive activity is happening, but how it is happening • Requires calibrating imaging data with data about neural a ...
... • How do we move from coarse-grained correlations between blood flow and cognitive activity to an understanding of how cognitive activity takes place • We want to know not just where cognitive activity is happening, but how it is happening • Requires calibrating imaging data with data about neural a ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... organism is essentially a process of dimensionality reduction. This dimensionality reduction takes place in nested circuits, in which phylogenetically older regions form a core circuit (Fig. 1). The core circuit is localized primarily in the brainstem and midbrain and produces low-dimensional output ...
... organism is essentially a process of dimensionality reduction. This dimensionality reduction takes place in nested circuits, in which phylogenetically older regions form a core circuit (Fig. 1). The core circuit is localized primarily in the brainstem and midbrain and produces low-dimensional output ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... depends on steady state stimulus statistics, (2) how a neuron’s mean firing rate changes with time-varying statistics, and (3) how inter-spike intervals can provide information about the stimulus that is unavailable from the mean firing rate. The initial chapter of this dissertation synthesizes thes ...
... depends on steady state stimulus statistics, (2) how a neuron’s mean firing rate changes with time-varying statistics, and (3) how inter-spike intervals can provide information about the stimulus that is unavailable from the mean firing rate. The initial chapter of this dissertation synthesizes thes ...
Computational approaches to sensorimotor transformations
... Our goal is to provide an overview of the basis function approach to sensorimotor transformations. In this approach, sensory information is recoded into a flexible intermediate representation to facilitate the transformation into a motor command. This has the advantage of explaining how the same neu ...
... Our goal is to provide an overview of the basis function approach to sensorimotor transformations. In this approach, sensory information is recoded into a flexible intermediate representation to facilitate the transformation into a motor command. This has the advantage of explaining how the same neu ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... motivational states vary considerably. The same action can lead to different reward outcomes in different behavioral contexts. Both neural and behavioral responses (for example, speed of action) may co-vary with such motivational changes, which may have different consequences in the subsequent decis ...
... motivational states vary considerably. The same action can lead to different reward outcomes in different behavioral contexts. Both neural and behavioral responses (for example, speed of action) may co-vary with such motivational changes, which may have different consequences in the subsequent decis ...
The Ventrolateral Hypothalamic Area and the Parvafox Nucleus
... the PV1-Foxb1 nucleus and which we now propose to call the parvafox nucleus. Here, we review the circumstantial evidence pointing to a role of the ventral LHA in the expression of emotions. To this end, we will draw on data that concern the parvafox as an entry point. We will avoid referring to the ...
... the PV1-Foxb1 nucleus and which we now propose to call the parvafox nucleus. Here, we review the circumstantial evidence pointing to a role of the ventral LHA in the expression of emotions. To this end, we will draw on data that concern the parvafox as an entry point. We will avoid referring to the ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of
... electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (e.g. excitatory or inhibitory neurons) within neural tissue. This obstacle has major scientific and clinical implications. For example, there is intense debate among physicians, neuroengineers and neuroscientists regarding the re ...
... electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (e.g. excitatory or inhibitory neurons) within neural tissue. This obstacle has major scientific and clinical implications. For example, there is intense debate among physicians, neuroengineers and neuroscientists regarding the re ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tuned for hand locations to the right, center, and left, respec ...
... position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tuned for hand locations to the right, center, and left, respec ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent
... electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (e.g. excitatory or inhibitory neurons) within neural tissue. This obstacle has major scientific and clinical implications. For example, there is intense debate among physicians, neuroengineers and neuroscientists regarding the re ...
... electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (e.g. excitatory or inhibitory neurons) within neural tissue. This obstacle has major scientific and clinical implications. For example, there is intense debate among physicians, neuroengineers and neuroscientists regarding the re ...
Broca`s Area in Language, Action, and Music
... verbally posed question. It is therefore possible that these patients may also have had trouble in performing the task because of its linguistic nature. Moreover, it is often unclear whether this relationship between aphasia and gesture recognition deficits is due to a Broca’s area lesion only or if ...
... verbally posed question. It is therefore possible that these patients may also have had trouble in performing the task because of its linguistic nature. Moreover, it is often unclear whether this relationship between aphasia and gesture recognition deficits is due to a Broca’s area lesion only or if ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
... that mediated by P2X4 receptors, in brain areas related to the rewarding and reinforcing properties of alcohol. My portion of the project involves the investigation of the interaction of ATP and ethanol in mice, either wild-type mice, or KO mice, with and without dysfunction of the P2X4 receptor by ...
... that mediated by P2X4 receptors, in brain areas related to the rewarding and reinforcing properties of alcohol. My portion of the project involves the investigation of the interaction of ATP and ethanol in mice, either wild-type mice, or KO mice, with and without dysfunction of the P2X4 receptor by ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
new insights into the functions of the superior temporal cortex
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
... received a lesion at one location only. In all other animals in which Watson et al.2 made STS lesions, ablation was added to pre-existing brain lesions (of inferior parietal cortex in two cases, and of frontal cortex and corpus callosum in the third). One of these monkeys (the one with frontal and c ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
Simulating the Fröhlich Effect of Motion Misperception as a Result... Attentional Modulation in the Visual System
... of which explicitly represents the input (more precisely, it corresponds to one row of pixels on a computer screen). The second layer represents the primary visual cortex (V1), and the layers 3, 4, and 5 correspond to higher visual areas accordingly. Each neuron inside the model receives input from ...
... of which explicitly represents the input (more precisely, it corresponds to one row of pixels on a computer screen). The second layer represents the primary visual cortex (V1), and the layers 3, 4, and 5 correspond to higher visual areas accordingly. Each neuron inside the model receives input from ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
Special sences
... Information about the left that is seen left visual hemifield. Remember that images as seen a. Information about the temporal part is a. Alpha Arranged in ...
... Information about the left that is seen left visual hemifield. Remember that images as seen a. Information about the temporal part is a. Alpha Arranged in ...
Document
... correct solution order, requiring a new search. Irrespective of component movements or their kinematics, task-related neurons encoded the serial order of the sequence. Neurons activated with sequence components (68%) differed in activity between search and repetition. Search-related activity occurre ...
... correct solution order, requiring a new search. Irrespective of component movements or their kinematics, task-related neurons encoded the serial order of the sequence. Neurons activated with sequence components (68%) differed in activity between search and repetition. Search-related activity occurre ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.