Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to study the operational organization of the human brain, but the exact relationship between the measured fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural signals and ...
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to study the operational organization of the human brain, but the exact relationship between the measured fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural signals and ...
Single-Neuron Responses in Humans during Execution and
... temporal lobe (MTL). Connections such as the uncinate fasciculus and other cortico-cortical white matter tracts between the MTL and motor regions in the frontal lobe exist [27–31]. Although there is some evidence for responses in the hippocampus during voluntary actions [32], unlike SMA, lesions in ...
... temporal lobe (MTL). Connections such as the uncinate fasciculus and other cortico-cortical white matter tracts between the MTL and motor regions in the frontal lobe exist [27–31]. Although there is some evidence for responses in the hippocampus during voluntary actions [32], unlike SMA, lesions in ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... 2000; Hevner et al., 2001, 2003; Rice and Curran, 2001; Nakagawa and O’Leary, 2003; Zhong et al., 2004). However, the identified molecules are far from sufficient for us to explain all the complicated process of corticogenesis. Our knowledge about the relationship between neuron classes defined by m ...
... 2000; Hevner et al., 2001, 2003; Rice and Curran, 2001; Nakagawa and O’Leary, 2003; Zhong et al., 2004). However, the identified molecules are far from sufficient for us to explain all the complicated process of corticogenesis. Our knowledge about the relationship between neuron classes defined by m ...
Reticular formation,sleep and wakefulness
... Lesions in the raphe nuclei lead to high state of wakefulness; ...
... Lesions in the raphe nuclei lead to high state of wakefulness; ...
The honeybee as a model for understanding the basis of cognition
... For example, neural recordings from honeybee brains during learning, memory formation and retrieval activities are enabling researchers to investigate the neural correlates underlying these cognitive faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components ...
... For example, neural recordings from honeybee brains during learning, memory formation and retrieval activities are enabling researchers to investigate the neural correlates underlying these cognitive faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components ...
Inter-regional Contribution of Enhanced Activity of the Primary
... To clearly distinguish the activity of from the analysis. Scale bar, 12 m. b, Typical traces of sensory-evoked Ca transients of L2/3 excitatory neurons in a control (upper traces) and CFA-injected (lower traces) mouse. c– e, Cumulative probability histograms of the responding cell ratio (c), L2/3 e ...
... To clearly distinguish the activity of from the analysis. Scale bar, 12 m. b, Typical traces of sensory-evoked Ca transients of L2/3 excitatory neurons in a control (upper traces) and CFA-injected (lower traces) mouse. c– e, Cumulative probability histograms of the responding cell ratio (c), L2/3 e ...
Testing
... sometimes, Rapid-Eye-Movement sleep (REM) – has been shown to improve episodic memory, gist extraction, and rule extrapolation and insight. In addition, it has been shown that following sleep (especially SWS) synaptic strength within cortical and hippocampal circuits is generally decreased, these tw ...
... sometimes, Rapid-Eye-Movement sleep (REM) – has been shown to improve episodic memory, gist extraction, and rule extrapolation and insight. In addition, it has been shown that following sleep (especially SWS) synaptic strength within cortical and hippocampal circuits is generally decreased, these tw ...
Fatigue and Inhibition
... speed, the rate varying with the diameter of the fiber (up to 120 meters per second in large fibers, less that 1 m./sec. in the smallest); (2) this disturbance can set off a similar one in a second neuron, across the synapse, or when it reaches a gland or muscle cell can cause it to secrete or contr ...
... speed, the rate varying with the diameter of the fiber (up to 120 meters per second in large fibers, less that 1 m./sec. in the smallest); (2) this disturbance can set off a similar one in a second neuron, across the synapse, or when it reaches a gland or muscle cell can cause it to secrete or contr ...
feature analyzers in the brain
... prey-catching in the laboratory worm stimulus releasing value ~ s antiworm (= “amount”) releasing value ~ s square biphasic ~ s (bugs predators ?) ...
... prey-catching in the laboratory worm stimulus releasing value ~ s antiworm (= “amount”) releasing value ~ s square biphasic ~ s (bugs predators ?) ...
Cranial nerves III, IV,VI and Visual Pathway
... • Fibers from the nasal (medial) half of retina decussate within the chiasma and join uncrossed fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of the retina to form the optic tract. • The decussation of nerve fibers in the chiasma results in the right optic tract conveying impulses from the LEFT visual fie ...
... • Fibers from the nasal (medial) half of retina decussate within the chiasma and join uncrossed fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of the retina to form the optic tract. • The decussation of nerve fibers in the chiasma results in the right optic tract conveying impulses from the LEFT visual fie ...
The ventral striatum in goal-directed behavior and - UvA-DARE
... will be spared. The ‘multiple trace’ theory posits that episodic memories exhibit a life-long dependency on the hippocampus (Nadel and Moscovitch, 1997). This theory states that the memory gains strength each time an episodic memory is retrieved and re-encoded, leading to the formation of multiple t ...
... will be spared. The ‘multiple trace’ theory posits that episodic memories exhibit a life-long dependency on the hippocampus (Nadel and Moscovitch, 1997). This theory states that the memory gains strength each time an episodic memory is retrieved and re-encoded, leading to the formation of multiple t ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... currents were calculated using kinetic models of synaptic transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pul ...
... currents were calculated using kinetic models of synaptic transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pul ...
A PRIMER ON EEG AND RELATED MEASURES OF BRAIN ACTIVITY
... and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act that is easily measured on a millisecond basis. The final record of behavioral activity reflects multiple synaptic transmissions, muscle activity, and so on; it is not a volumeconducted reflecti ...
... and so on. These events take time, resulting in a delay between the brain activity and the behavioral act that is easily measured on a millisecond basis. The final record of behavioral activity reflects multiple synaptic transmissions, muscle activity, and so on; it is not a volumeconducted reflecti ...
Self-images in the video monitor coded by monkey intraparietal
... and found in the intraparietal cortex a group of bimodal (somatosensory and visual) neurons which seemed to represent the image of the hand into which the tool was incorporated as its extension (Iriki et al., 1996). That is, around the somatosensory receptive field resided in the hand/forearm area w ...
... and found in the intraparietal cortex a group of bimodal (somatosensory and visual) neurons which seemed to represent the image of the hand into which the tool was incorporated as its extension (Iriki et al., 1996). That is, around the somatosensory receptive field resided in the hand/forearm area w ...
Neural Networks - 123SeminarsOnly.com
... systems it is useful to distinguish three types of units: input units (indicated by an index i) which receive data from outside the neural network, output units (indicated by an index o) which send data out of the neural network, and hidden units (indicated by an index h) whose input and output sign ...
... systems it is useful to distinguish three types of units: input units (indicated by an index i) which receive data from outside the neural network, output units (indicated by an index o) which send data out of the neural network, and hidden units (indicated by an index h) whose input and output sign ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already begun to fire2, and it is not obvious by which route relevant information could be communicated rapidly from the temporal cortex to the ventral midbrain. Similarl ...
... of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already begun to fire2, and it is not obvious by which route relevant information could be communicated rapidly from the temporal cortex to the ventral midbrain. Similarl ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... time, process multiple sensory inputs efficiently and produce coherent output in the form of actions and thoughts. Even though the brain has been studied for centuries, a full theoretical description of its normal and pathological functioning is still missing. Owing partly to the lack of a full desc ...
... time, process multiple sensory inputs efficiently and produce coherent output in the form of actions and thoughts. Even though the brain has been studied for centuries, a full theoretical description of its normal and pathological functioning is still missing. Owing partly to the lack of a full desc ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... Injections of tracers. Thirteen retrograde tracing experiments were performed on nine cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; Table 1). After premedication with atropine (1.25 mg, i.m.) and dexamethasone (4 mg, i.m.), monkeys were prepared for surgery under ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg / kg, i.m.) ...
... Injections of tracers. Thirteen retrograde tracing experiments were performed on nine cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; Table 1). After premedication with atropine (1.25 mg, i.m.) and dexamethasone (4 mg, i.m.), monkeys were prepared for surgery under ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg / kg, i.m.) ...
Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex produces
... mediating the CS and those whose activity results in the CR. Associative learning using noxious stimuli as the US has been documented behaviorally, and the mediating synaptic change has been elucidated in some systems1–4. However, the neural pathways that mediate nociceptor-driven aversive teaching ...
... mediating the CS and those whose activity results in the CR. Associative learning using noxious stimuli as the US has been documented behaviorally, and the mediating synaptic change has been elucidated in some systems1–4. However, the neural pathways that mediate nociceptor-driven aversive teaching ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The latter strongly influences the stimulus evoked response of a cell. The prominence of contextual information processing is reflected by the fact that th ...
... modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The latter strongly influences the stimulus evoked response of a cell. The prominence of contextual information processing is reflected by the fact that th ...
• 1 1) The nonspecific ascending pathways ______. A) are
... 29 29) An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. A) calcarine cortex B) primary visual area C) visual association area D) lateral geniculate body Answer: C 30 30) Brocaʹ ...
... 29 29) An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. A) calcarine cortex B) primary visual area C) visual association area D) lateral geniculate body Answer: C 30 30) Brocaʹ ...
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing
... orbital frontal lobe. Bob Knight in the department here looks at patients who have damaged frontal lobes and how that affects emotions and behavior. There are researchers who take a transmitter approach; there are over 100 chemicals in the brain and body that have powerful influences on behavior. Th ...
... orbital frontal lobe. Bob Knight in the department here looks at patients who have damaged frontal lobes and how that affects emotions and behavior. There are researchers who take a transmitter approach; there are over 100 chemicals in the brain and body that have powerful influences on behavior. Th ...
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... optic nerve via the optic chiasma into the intra laminar nucleus of the thalamus. The signal then enters V1 where the striate cortex processes the stimulus in the visual cortex of the brain in tandem with extrastriate cortex. As a result, increased blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activations can ...
... optic nerve via the optic chiasma into the intra laminar nucleus of the thalamus. The signal then enters V1 where the striate cortex processes the stimulus in the visual cortex of the brain in tandem with extrastriate cortex. As a result, increased blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activations can ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... interplay of predetermined ontogenetic factors and mechanisms of self-organization has a long tradition in biology, going back to the late-nineteenth century. Here we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex ...
... interplay of predetermined ontogenetic factors and mechanisms of self-organization has a long tradition in biology, going back to the late-nineteenth century. Here we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex ...
Chapter Two - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... detail. Another patient recalled a small-town baseball game that included a boy trying to crawl under a fence. Another woman recalled a melody each time a certain point on the cortex was stimulated. The lesson of Penfield’s experiments is clear—the brain and our psychological lives are intimately co ...
... detail. Another patient recalled a small-town baseball game that included a boy trying to crawl under a fence. Another woman recalled a melody each time a certain point on the cortex was stimulated. The lesson of Penfield’s experiments is clear—the brain and our psychological lives are intimately co ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.