STDP produces robust oscillatory architectures that exhibit precise
... For potentiation, the learning rate value λ is 0.3, and the window τ is 20 ms. For depression, the learning rate value λ is 0.3105 and the window τ is 10 ms. F. Evolution of oscillatory nodes Although groups of neurons firing together rhythmically can occur because of intrinsic firing patterns of ex ...
... For potentiation, the learning rate value λ is 0.3, and the window τ is 20 ms. For depression, the learning rate value λ is 0.3105 and the window τ is 10 ms. F. Evolution of oscillatory nodes Although groups of neurons firing together rhythmically can occur because of intrinsic firing patterns of ex ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... network (see Figure 1), the visuomotor output neurons of the SCi have direct projections to the premotor circuitry in the brainstem and spinal cord to influence action directly [19,25]. The level of excitability within SCi at the moment that the incoming transient visual response arrives plus the ma ...
... network (see Figure 1), the visuomotor output neurons of the SCi have direct projections to the premotor circuitry in the brainstem and spinal cord to influence action directly [19,25]. The level of excitability within SCi at the moment that the incoming transient visual response arrives plus the ma ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... that the number of spikes in the volley is large enough (blue). If, however, this number is too small, the volley dies out, in spite of its initial increase (purple). Conversely, synchronous activity may still vanish with an initial decrease in dispersion (red), unless the volley is large enough (gr ...
... that the number of spikes in the volley is large enough (blue). If, however, this number is too small, the volley dies out, in spite of its initial increase (purple). Conversely, synchronous activity may still vanish with an initial decrease in dispersion (red), unless the volley is large enough (gr ...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Auditory Cortex of the Chinchilla
... anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in turn bifurcates to form the caudal end of the arterial circle, is similar in all mammalian species, including h ...
... anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in turn bifurcates to form the caudal end of the arterial circle, is similar in all mammalian species, including h ...
Paper titles and abstracts Dan Arnold: "Perception and the
... from sense perception? This is because they stipulate the notion of mental consciousness simultaneous with the five sensory consciousnesses (mānasa-pratyakṣa in Dignāga and wuju yishi 五俱意識 in Kuiji) so that vitarka is ascribed to the mental perception rather than to sense perception. This is why the ...
... from sense perception? This is because they stipulate the notion of mental consciousness simultaneous with the five sensory consciousnesses (mānasa-pratyakṣa in Dignāga and wuju yishi 五俱意識 in Kuiji) so that vitarka is ascribed to the mental perception rather than to sense perception. This is why the ...
Brain Uncoupling Protein 2: Uncoupled Neuronal Mitochondria
... (200 –250 gm) were used in this study. For the mRNA and protein analyses, 15 animals were kept under standard laboratory conditions, with tap water and regular rat chow available ad libitum; lights were maintained on a 12 hr light /dark cycle. Groups of males (n 5 5) were killed after either 24 hr o ...
... (200 –250 gm) were used in this study. For the mRNA and protein analyses, 15 animals were kept under standard laboratory conditions, with tap water and regular rat chow available ad libitum; lights were maintained on a 12 hr light /dark cycle. Groups of males (n 5 5) were killed after either 24 hr o ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... artificially rebalancing the costs associated with using the affected versus the less affected limb. Finally, we can ask how these actions are organized and produced by the brain-what are the biological mechanisms that implement these computational processes? What specific neural mechanisms are invo ...
... artificially rebalancing the costs associated with using the affected versus the less affected limb. Finally, we can ask how these actions are organized and produced by the brain-what are the biological mechanisms that implement these computational processes? What specific neural mechanisms are invo ...
class consciousness
... extent be justifiable to claim that a materialist exaggeration was necessary in the nineteenth century to counterbalance the idealism of Marx’s predecessors and contemporaries. Marx was not a vulgar materialist, and his criticisms were directed in this direction as well a ...
... extent be justifiable to claim that a materialist exaggeration was necessary in the nineteenth century to counterbalance the idealism of Marx’s predecessors and contemporaries. Marx was not a vulgar materialist, and his criticisms were directed in this direction as well a ...
Before the Americans
... “Membranes require to be in a state of tension” (Two hundred years later William Sutherland was to define the Reciprocal Tension Mechanism.) “…just like any other fluid, and they thus communicate a trembling motion to the membranes, and also their bones; so that almost the whole body is brought into ...
... “Membranes require to be in a state of tension” (Two hundred years later William Sutherland was to define the Reciprocal Tension Mechanism.) “…just like any other fluid, and they thus communicate a trembling motion to the membranes, and also their bones; so that almost the whole body is brought into ...
Chapter 21: Attention
... Physiological Effects of Attention Shifting attention What happens to neural activity? What brain areas are involved? Observed in high-level cognitive and numerous sensory areas e.g., Area V1 to visual cortical areas in the parietal and temporal lobes ...
... Physiological Effects of Attention Shifting attention What happens to neural activity? What brain areas are involved? Observed in high-level cognitive and numerous sensory areas e.g., Area V1 to visual cortical areas in the parietal and temporal lobes ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... In a seemingly random network such as the one between glomeruli and piriform neurons, the synaptic connection strength between any glomerulus-neuron pair (i,j) can be obtained by sampling from random distributions that can accurately describe two components of connectivity. The first component is th ...
... In a seemingly random network such as the one between glomeruli and piriform neurons, the synaptic connection strength between any glomerulus-neuron pair (i,j) can be obtained by sampling from random distributions that can accurately describe two components of connectivity. The first component is th ...
Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to
... here). This approach has not been demonstrated for PV interneurons, however, and can be nonoptimal for targeting specific cell populations. This is because most viruses have limited packaging capacity, making it necessary to use truncated versions of tissue specific promoters, which can reduce cell- ...
... here). This approach has not been demonstrated for PV interneurons, however, and can be nonoptimal for targeting specific cell populations. This is because most viruses have limited packaging capacity, making it necessary to use truncated versions of tissue specific promoters, which can reduce cell- ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... converge their synapses on a single LGN neuron (black neuron in LGN). It is not entirely understood how V1 reads out the signals it receives from the three different types of LGN neurons, relay, combination, or binocular. However, the V1 neurons that receive each of these inputs alone or in combinat ...
... converge their synapses on a single LGN neuron (black neuron in LGN). It is not entirely understood how V1 reads out the signals it receives from the three different types of LGN neurons, relay, combination, or binocular. However, the V1 neurons that receive each of these inputs alone or in combinat ...
striatum
... The selection of motor and behavioral processes appropriate for a particular context The release of desired and the supression of unwanted movements Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. ...
... The selection of motor and behavioral processes appropriate for a particular context The release of desired and the supression of unwanted movements Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. ...
Integrating Optogenetic and Pharmacological Approaches to Study
... 2010; Yizhar et al., 2011b; Marin, 2012). More specifically, dysfunctional circuit mechanisms within the FS interneurons that selectively express the calciumbinding protein, parvalbumin, are hypothesized to underlie a range of symptoms of these neuropsychiatric diseases. Optogenetic manipulations ha ...
... 2010; Yizhar et al., 2011b; Marin, 2012). More specifically, dysfunctional circuit mechanisms within the FS interneurons that selectively express the calciumbinding protein, parvalbumin, are hypothesized to underlie a range of symptoms of these neuropsychiatric diseases. Optogenetic manipulations ha ...
Cerebellum
... carries out these functions by regulating the peripheral muscular apparatus to compensate for ...
... carries out these functions by regulating the peripheral muscular apparatus to compensate for ...
File
... These fascinating findings of course provide support for the idea that humans are natural modellers – we model the physiology of another person in the very parts of our motor cortex which control our own physiology, and this is an automatic, natural process. The parallels between these findings and ...
... These fascinating findings of course provide support for the idea that humans are natural modellers – we model the physiology of another person in the very parts of our motor cortex which control our own physiology, and this is an automatic, natural process. The parallels between these findings and ...
Протокол
... junction of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. The extent and precise location of damage to the optic tract will determine the resulting visual deficit. Tumors of the central nervous system may also affect the optic nerve. If the entire optic nerve is sectioned, all vision originatin ...
... junction of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. The extent and precise location of damage to the optic tract will determine the resulting visual deficit. Tumors of the central nervous system may also affect the optic nerve. If the entire optic nerve is sectioned, all vision originatin ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnJkMfmea28&feature=related After 2 weeks w/o lighting cues his bedtime is ~10-11 hrs out of synch with the real world ...
... • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnJkMfmea28&feature=related After 2 weeks w/o lighting cues his bedtime is ~10-11 hrs out of synch with the real world ...
Perception, Action, and Utility: The Tangled Skein
... Moreover, area LIP is a poor candidate for a purely perceptual representation of perceived state, as it is a transitional area involved not just in visual perception but also action, specifically saccade control. (Monkeys in these experiments use saccades to signal their motion judgments.) But recal ...
... Moreover, area LIP is a poor candidate for a purely perceptual representation of perceived state, as it is a transitional area involved not just in visual perception but also action, specifically saccade control. (Monkeys in these experiments use saccades to signal their motion judgments.) But recal ...
The Common Neural Basis of Autobiographical
... A single core network has been proposed to underlie a number of cognitive domains previously seen as distinct, specifically: (a) remembering, (b) prospection, (c) spatial navigation, and (d) theory of mind (Buckner & Carroll, 2007). The network of brain regions hypothesized to be common to these dom ...
... A single core network has been proposed to underlie a number of cognitive domains previously seen as distinct, specifically: (a) remembering, (b) prospection, (c) spatial navigation, and (d) theory of mind (Buckner & Carroll, 2007). The network of brain regions hypothesized to be common to these dom ...
Understanding the Role of Mirror Neurons in Learning Language: A
... have evolved, not whether they exist or not. Mirror neurons were discovered in monkeys but how do we know they exist in the human brain? To find out we studied patients with a strange disorder called anosognosia. Most patients with a right hemisphere stroke have complete paralysis of the left side o ...
... have evolved, not whether they exist or not. Mirror neurons were discovered in monkeys but how do we know they exist in the human brain? To find out we studied patients with a strange disorder called anosognosia. Most patients with a right hemisphere stroke have complete paralysis of the left side o ...
Rat Thought-Controlled Robot Arm
... signals to position the robot arm and obtain water. With continued training in neurorobotic mode, the animals’ lever movement diminished or stopped. These results suggest a possible means for movement restoration in paralysis patients. ...
... signals to position the robot arm and obtain water. With continued training in neurorobotic mode, the animals’ lever movement diminished or stopped. These results suggest a possible means for movement restoration in paralysis patients. ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... temporal cortex. There are fewer cases of agnosia specific for expression. Impairments in the recognition of expression but not identity have been found in patients with cerebral organic brain syndrome 5'~6. This impairment has been related to a disconnection of visual input from affective meaning, ...
... temporal cortex. There are fewer cases of agnosia specific for expression. Impairments in the recognition of expression but not identity have been found in patients with cerebral organic brain syndrome 5'~6. This impairment has been related to a disconnection of visual input from affective meaning, ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.