invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
... brain-like information processing systems, although it ignores cognitive psychology. Brooks [14] started an interesting project called Cog 5 , aimed at development of the behavior-based intelligence of a humanoid robot. It remains to be seen what level of intelligence this approach will achieve. Co ...
... brain-like information processing systems, although it ignores cognitive psychology. Brooks [14] started an interesting project called Cog 5 , aimed at development of the behavior-based intelligence of a humanoid robot. It remains to be seen what level of intelligence this approach will achieve. Co ...
Morris_2007_Macrosto..
... a number of plesiomorphic characters, which could be directly inherited from the bilaterian ancestor (Ax 1996). For example, in the present context, the fact that adult flatworms retain a ciliated epidermis and that movement is largely effected by ciliary beating is significant, as it is likely to h ...
... a number of plesiomorphic characters, which could be directly inherited from the bilaterian ancestor (Ax 1996). For example, in the present context, the fact that adult flatworms retain a ciliated epidermis and that movement is largely effected by ciliary beating is significant, as it is likely to h ...
The Distribution of Chandelier Cell Axon Terminals that Express the
... correlated with the neuronal density, although a negative correlation was detected in layer III across all cortical areas. These results indicate that there are substantial differences in the distribution and density of GAT-1-ir Ch-terminals between areas and layers of the human neocortex. These dif ...
... correlated with the neuronal density, although a negative correlation was detected in layer III across all cortical areas. These results indicate that there are substantial differences in the distribution and density of GAT-1-ir Ch-terminals between areas and layers of the human neocortex. These dif ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... tungsten electrode (0.5-l 0 MQ) by 2 10 pm. A bipolar wire-stimulating electrode was implanted into the neocortex contralaterally to the microdrive (AP = -2.0, L = 3.0) or ipsilaterally right behind the microdrive socket. Four screw electrodes, 2 on each side (AP = 2.0, L = 3.0; AP = -6.0, L = 3.0), ...
... tungsten electrode (0.5-l 0 MQ) by 2 10 pm. A bipolar wire-stimulating electrode was implanted into the neocortex contralaterally to the microdrive (AP = -2.0, L = 3.0) or ipsilaterally right behind the microdrive socket. Four screw electrodes, 2 on each side (AP = 2.0, L = 3.0; AP = -6.0, L = 3.0), ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... If a particular difference (trait) permits the organisms to more successfully reproduce, then they will reproduce more, sending those traits to their offspring, who in turn will reproduce more themselves. Thus, the trait will become more prevalent in future generations. In ARTIFICIAL SELECTION (sele ...
... If a particular difference (trait) permits the organisms to more successfully reproduce, then they will reproduce more, sending those traits to their offspring, who in turn will reproduce more themselves. Thus, the trait will become more prevalent in future generations. In ARTIFICIAL SELECTION (sele ...
Abstract Book Brain Circuits for Positive Emotions
... of happiness often seems to ignore this possibility. Perhaps the best-known example of this possibility outside philosophy is one from economics: inability to defer gratification or present happiness will make you worse off. But many other cases have been described by philosophers over the centuries ...
... of happiness often seems to ignore this possibility. Perhaps the best-known example of this possibility outside philosophy is one from economics: inability to defer gratification or present happiness will make you worse off. But many other cases have been described by philosophers over the centuries ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... placed premotor above primary motor cortex (M1), with areas 3a and 3b (components of the primary somatosensory area, S1) at the lowest levels [5]. Our own survey aimed to establish the polarity of key reciprocal connections, but not to arrange areas into discrete tiers [6]. The absence of a distinct ...
... placed premotor above primary motor cortex (M1), with areas 3a and 3b (components of the primary somatosensory area, S1) at the lowest levels [5]. Our own survey aimed to establish the polarity of key reciprocal connections, but not to arrange areas into discrete tiers [6]. The absence of a distinct ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the minimal response technique (Barlow et al. 1967). This region will be s ...
... every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the minimal response technique (Barlow et al. 1967). This region will be s ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
... The primate cerebral cortex is characterized by regional variation in the structure of pyramidal neurons, with more complex dendritic arbors and greater spine density observed in prefrontal compared with sensory and motor cortices. Although there are several investigations in humans and other primat ...
PDF
... neuron’s firing probability. Therefore, a weakly depolarizing GABA may exert an inhibitory effect. In contrast, the “excitatory” GABA action means that GABAA R activation induces a depolarization large enough to generate action potentials. The inhibitory/hyperpolarizing effects of GABA have been exte ...
... neuron’s firing probability. Therefore, a weakly depolarizing GABA may exert an inhibitory effect. In contrast, the “excitatory” GABA action means that GABAA R activation induces a depolarization large enough to generate action potentials. The inhibitory/hyperpolarizing effects of GABA have been exte ...
Dissecting appetite
... chewing and swallowing, but obsessive searching and other complex behaviours to get food.” Controlling feeding behaviour is like using the accelerator in a car, explains Sternson. The more AgRP neurons are excited, the stronger the desire to eat. That probably suggests that as we get hungry, more nu ...
... chewing and swallowing, but obsessive searching and other complex behaviours to get food.” Controlling feeding behaviour is like using the accelerator in a car, explains Sternson. The more AgRP neurons are excited, the stronger the desire to eat. That probably suggests that as we get hungry, more nu ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... A variety of neural models are used in the projects we describe. Most neural modeling involves the ion channels responsible for spike generation at the axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed ...
... A variety of neural models are used in the projects we describe. Most neural modeling involves the ion channels responsible for spike generation at the axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed ...
(addl. 3)
... A variety of neural models are used in the projects we describe. Most neural modeling involves the ion channels responsible for spike generation at the axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed ...
... A variety of neural models are used in the projects we describe. Most neural modeling involves the ion channels responsible for spike generation at the axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... Pandya and Kuypers (1969) had first analysed the likely routes through which visual information could be accessed by the motor cortex. They showed that primary motor cortex (M1) did not receive any inputs from the visual associative areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs termi ...
... Pandya and Kuypers (1969) had first analysed the likely routes through which visual information could be accessed by the motor cortex. They showed that primary motor cortex (M1) did not receive any inputs from the visual associative areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs termi ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavioral enhancement is disrupted, but the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targe ...
... auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavioral enhancement is disrupted, but the inactivation does not impair orientation to unimodally presented targe ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing
... Whether contour integration occurs or not in the model depends on whether the cortical areas are connected with excitatory lateral connections or not. The model therefore suggests an explanation for the different contour integration capability of the different visual areas: integration is possible o ...
... Whether contour integration occurs or not in the model depends on whether the cortical areas are connected with excitatory lateral connections or not. The model therefore suggests an explanation for the different contour integration capability of the different visual areas: integration is possible o ...
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory
... these terms is essential to understanding brain evolution, since the structures present in the telencephalon of a modern reptile, for example, were not necessarily present in the common ancestor of mammals and reptiles. In order to reconstruct the evolution of a mammalian brain one must first deduce ...
... these terms is essential to understanding brain evolution, since the structures present in the telencephalon of a modern reptile, for example, were not necessarily present in the common ancestor of mammals and reptiles. In order to reconstruct the evolution of a mammalian brain one must first deduce ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... hemorrhagic stroke in the latter two). This may introduce confounds, in that the patient populations may differ systematically in other respects, such as older age and history of vascular risk factors in the case of ischemic stroke and the possibility of nonfocal damage due to acute hydrocephalus, e ...
... hemorrhagic stroke in the latter two). This may introduce confounds, in that the patient populations may differ systematically in other respects, such as older age and history of vascular risk factors in the case of ischemic stroke and the possibility of nonfocal damage due to acute hydrocephalus, e ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... involved (Fig. 4i). As expected, regression slopes from MT/MST and area 5 were unimodally clustered around 0 and 1, respectively (Fig. 4j,k). LIP cells with regression slopes near 1 also tended to have higher activity in the proactive blocks than in the reaction block, as expected (correlation analy ...
... involved (Fig. 4i). As expected, regression slopes from MT/MST and area 5 were unimodally clustered around 0 and 1, respectively (Fig. 4j,k). LIP cells with regression slopes near 1 also tended to have higher activity in the proactive blocks than in the reaction block, as expected (correlation analy ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... unit activity in this cortical field are modified by associative processes. Insofar as both the ventral and the magnocellular medial geniculate nuclei project upon primary auditory cortex, we have suggested that the former, being nonplastic, is not a source of associative effects on AI whereas the l ...
... unit activity in this cortical field are modified by associative processes. Insofar as both the ventral and the magnocellular medial geniculate nuclei project upon primary auditory cortex, we have suggested that the former, being nonplastic, is not a source of associative effects on AI whereas the l ...
A"computational"approach"towards"the"ontogeny"of" mirror"neurons
... Gazzola (2014). This involves the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). The PM coordinates self-performed actions, whereas the STS is a region known to respond to the sight of body movements and the sound of ...
... Gazzola (2014). This involves the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). The PM coordinates self-performed actions, whereas the STS is a region known to respond to the sight of body movements and the sound of ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... information on the cortical topography of brain functions and the causal relation of neural activity in the targeted areas to behavior. The TMSA paradigm is based on the well-established idea that the effects of TMS are state dependent. Specifically, TMS behaviorally facilitates the attributes encode ...
... information on the cortical topography of brain functions and the causal relation of neural activity in the targeted areas to behavior. The TMSA paradigm is based on the well-established idea that the effects of TMS are state dependent. Specifically, TMS behaviorally facilitates the attributes encode ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... cortex, and the supplementary motor area; to consider how these systems change when there is damage to the body or when we learn new skills. Slide 1. Whereas the posterior parietal cortex plans for movements, the motor areas of the frontal lobe decide on execution of that plan. If the movement plan ...
... cortex, and the supplementary motor area; to consider how these systems change when there is damage to the body or when we learn new skills. Slide 1. Whereas the posterior parietal cortex plans for movements, the motor areas of the frontal lobe decide on execution of that plan. If the movement plan ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.