Heart Failure and Protein Quality Control
... recruiting E2, whereas Skp1 serves as an adaptor that is able to bind different F-box proteins.25 The F-box proteins, carrying a Skp1-interacting F-box motif and a protein–protein interaction domain, can dock different protein substrates that are often phosphorylated to the SCF complex for ubiquitin ...
... recruiting E2, whereas Skp1 serves as an adaptor that is able to bind different F-box proteins.25 The F-box proteins, carrying a Skp1-interacting F-box motif and a protein–protein interaction domain, can dock different protein substrates that are often phosphorylated to the SCF complex for ubiquitin ...
Involvement of the glycine-rich RNA
... expression patterns of GRP genes are both diverse and highly tissue specific (Magioli et al., 2001). A subset of the GRP genes encodes proteins that bind nucleic acids. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes eight glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBP1 to GR-RBP8). These proteins are characteri ...
... expression patterns of GRP genes are both diverse and highly tissue specific (Magioli et al., 2001). A subset of the GRP genes encodes proteins that bind nucleic acids. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes eight glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBP1 to GR-RBP8). These proteins are characteri ...
Identification of Surface Residues Involved in Protein
... rectly identified. With this level of success, predictions generated using this approach should be valuable for guiding experimental investigations into the roles of specific residues of a protein in its interaction with other proteins. Detailed examination of the predicted interface residues in th ...
... rectly identified. With this level of success, predictions generated using this approach should be valuable for guiding experimental investigations into the roles of specific residues of a protein in its interaction with other proteins. Detailed examination of the predicted interface residues in th ...
A novel sensitive method for the detection of user
... SAPS may miss weak but still significant and biologically informative signals in a form of small or low-density clusters. The program was designed neither for masking compositionally biased segments nor for the analysis of DNA sequences. Recently, a statistical method for finding compositionally bia ...
... SAPS may miss weak but still significant and biologically informative signals in a form of small or low-density clusters. The program was designed neither for masking compositionally biased segments nor for the analysis of DNA sequences. Recently, a statistical method for finding compositionally bia ...
Physiological adaptations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolved for
... [35], we do not observe any significant change in any of the other glycerol metabolic enzymes, even though a slightly increased yield of glycerol was found (see below). Glo1 is involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal the increased production of which is commonly seen under many forms of stre ...
... [35], we do not observe any significant change in any of the other glycerol metabolic enzymes, even though a slightly increased yield of glycerol was found (see below). Glo1 is involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal the increased production of which is commonly seen under many forms of stre ...
Proteomic analysis of the signaling pathway mediated by the
... Penicillium chrysogenum has had a key historical role in the development of industrial microbiology, and is currently one of the most important species in the biotechnological industry as producer of penicillin [5] and other β-lactam antibiotic precursors [6]. The P. chrysogenum heterotrimeric Gα pr ...
... Penicillium chrysogenum has had a key historical role in the development of industrial microbiology, and is currently one of the most important species in the biotechnological industry as producer of penicillin [5] and other β-lactam antibiotic precursors [6]. The P. chrysogenum heterotrimeric Gα pr ...
Mutually exclusive splicing
... When 5’ splice site is encountered in the newly synthesized RNA, the factors that recognize that site(5’ splice site), transferred from C-terminal tail of RNA polymerase II onto RNA. Once in place, the 5’ splice site components are poised to interact with those other factors that binds to the next 3 ...
... When 5’ splice site is encountered in the newly synthesized RNA, the factors that recognize that site(5’ splice site), transferred from C-terminal tail of RNA polymerase II onto RNA. Once in place, the 5’ splice site components are poised to interact with those other factors that binds to the next 3 ...
allergen
... • Differential pH-dependent fold stability along endosomal maturation (acidification) seem to be an important factor for allergenicity and immunogenicity • Fine tuning of resistance/susceptibility to endolysosomal proteolysis may be an approach for designing allergen vaccines with enhanced immunogen ...
... • Differential pH-dependent fold stability along endosomal maturation (acidification) seem to be an important factor for allergenicity and immunogenicity • Fine tuning of resistance/susceptibility to endolysosomal proteolysis may be an approach for designing allergen vaccines with enhanced immunogen ...
TbMP42 is a structure-sensitive ribonuclease that likely follows a
... reaction platform for the individual steps of the processing cycle (1–3). An editing cycle starts with the annealing of a pre-edited mRNA to a cognate gRNA molecule. The hybridization is facilitated by matchmaking-type RNA/ RNA annealing factors (4–8) that generate a short intermolecular gRNA/pre-mR ...
... reaction platform for the individual steps of the processing cycle (1–3). An editing cycle starts with the annealing of a pre-edited mRNA to a cognate gRNA molecule. The hybridization is facilitated by matchmaking-type RNA/ RNA annealing factors (4–8) that generate a short intermolecular gRNA/pre-mR ...
Molecular Chaperones - Cellular Machines for Protein Folding
... 1.3.3. Controlled Release of Bound Polypeptides Hydrophobic interactions not only contribute to the stability of the folded structure of a protein, they are also important for the stability of oligomeric proteins and protein complexes. The contact areas often contain hydrophobic residues that become ...
... 1.3.3. Controlled Release of Bound Polypeptides Hydrophobic interactions not only contribute to the stability of the folded structure of a protein, they are also important for the stability of oligomeric proteins and protein complexes. The contact areas often contain hydrophobic residues that become ...
Genetics ppt 1
... Split Genes and RNA Splicing • Most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of nucleotides that lie between coding regions • These noncoding regions are called intervening sequences, or introns • The other regions are called exons because they are eventually express ...
... Split Genes and RNA Splicing • Most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of nucleotides that lie between coding regions • These noncoding regions are called intervening sequences, or introns • The other regions are called exons because they are eventually express ...
A novel protein transport system involved in the biogenesis of
... adopted for proteins with some types of cofactor, primarily those of c-type cytochromes (see article by Tho«ny-Meyer in this issue [2]). However, for periplasmic proteins containing most other types of cofactor, including iron-sulfur clusters, molybdopterin cofactors and nucleotide cofactors, the ba ...
... adopted for proteins with some types of cofactor, primarily those of c-type cytochromes (see article by Tho«ny-Meyer in this issue [2]). However, for periplasmic proteins containing most other types of cofactor, including iron-sulfur clusters, molybdopterin cofactors and nucleotide cofactors, the ba ...
BIOMOLECULES: INTRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... physics were being made virtually everyday, a Dutch scientist Gerardus Mulder described the presence of a substance in living tissues as something which was “without doubt the most important of all substances of the living world, and without it life on our planet would probably not exist”. On sugges ...
... physics were being made virtually everyday, a Dutch scientist Gerardus Mulder described the presence of a substance in living tissues as something which was “without doubt the most important of all substances of the living world, and without it life on our planet would probably not exist”. On sugges ...
Physical Models for Protein Folding and Drug Design
... of view. A protein is a system which is in a nearly-zero-entropy equilibrium state (usually referred to as ‘native’ state) for a wide interval of temperatures (ranging from ∼0 to ∼60 Celsius). Such equilibrium state has essentially no symmetries. The interactions within the protein are noticeably co ...
... of view. A protein is a system which is in a nearly-zero-entropy equilibrium state (usually referred to as ‘native’ state) for a wide interval of temperatures (ranging from ∼0 to ∼60 Celsius). Such equilibrium state has essentially no symmetries. The interactions within the protein are noticeably co ...
Protein Catabolism
... The biosynthesis of proteins requires a continuous source of amino acids. Amino acids also provide cells with a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of nitrogen containing biomolecules such as nucleotides. Amino acids are generated by the digestion of proteins in the intestine or by the degradation ...
... The biosynthesis of proteins requires a continuous source of amino acids. Amino acids also provide cells with a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of nitrogen containing biomolecules such as nucleotides. Amino acids are generated by the digestion of proteins in the intestine or by the degradation ...
SFE1, a Constituent of the Fertilization Envelope
... oocyte following germinal vesicle breakdown. Our findings suggest that the gene encoding this major product of the egg is activated concomitantly with the other cortical granule-specific products already identified, and that a common LDLr-like motif of the fertilization envelope may reveal a structu ...
... oocyte following germinal vesicle breakdown. Our findings suggest that the gene encoding this major product of the egg is activated concomitantly with the other cortical granule-specific products already identified, and that a common LDLr-like motif of the fertilization envelope may reveal a structu ...
Similarities between putative transport proteins of plant viruses
... analysed. Three ORF I product caulimoviral sequences were used: CaMV, Cabb S isolate (Franck et al., 1980), CERV (Hull et aL, 1986) and FMV (Richins et al., 1987). Sequences of ORF I polypeptides of several other isolates of CaMV (Balazs et al., 1982; Gardner et al., 1981 ; Dixon et al., 1986; Hiroc ...
... analysed. Three ORF I product caulimoviral sequences were used: CaMV, Cabb S isolate (Franck et al., 1980), CERV (Hull et aL, 1986) and FMV (Richins et al., 1987). Sequences of ORF I polypeptides of several other isolates of CaMV (Balazs et al., 1982; Gardner et al., 1981 ; Dixon et al., 1986; Hiroc ...
8. Peptide bonds, polypeptides and proteins Polypeptide and
... organisms. Alternatively, the code could reflect specific interactions between RNAs and amino acids that played a role in the initial establishment of the code. What is clear is that the code is not necessarily fixed, there are examples in which certain codons are “repurposed” in various organisms. ...
... organisms. Alternatively, the code could reflect specific interactions between RNAs and amino acids that played a role in the initial establishment of the code. What is clear is that the code is not necessarily fixed, there are examples in which certain codons are “repurposed” in various organisms. ...
high-performance gene expression
... RNA was diluted in a 2-fold serial dilution (15ng, lanes 1-7 respectively) and PCR was performed using MyTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit. HyperLadder™ 1kb (M). The results illustrate the quality of the RNA obtained, as it can be used for very sensitive cDNA synthesis and PCR without further purification. ...
... RNA was diluted in a 2-fold serial dilution (15ng, lanes 1-7 respectively) and PCR was performed using MyTaq One-Step RT-PCR Kit. HyperLadder™ 1kb (M). The results illustrate the quality of the RNA obtained, as it can be used for very sensitive cDNA synthesis and PCR without further purification. ...
Protein Sorting to the Storage Vacuoles of Plants: A Critical Appraisal
... complexes are recruited into CCV at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a process which is mediated by ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), the monomeric GGAs (Golgi-localized, g-ear containing ARF-binding proteins), and the tetrameric AP1 adaptor complex (3). This involves interactions with tyrosine (YXXØ) an ...
... complexes are recruited into CCV at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a process which is mediated by ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), the monomeric GGAs (Golgi-localized, g-ear containing ARF-binding proteins), and the tetrameric AP1 adaptor complex (3). This involves interactions with tyrosine (YXXØ) an ...
Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
Lecture 16 - Gene Transcription and Translation
... years ago led to the creation of enhancers and exons for a gene responsible for neurodevelopment, ISL1. ISL1 plays a hugely important role in regulating insulin gene expression, governs motor neuron generation, and helps the development of a bilateral heart in mammals. “These add to a growing list o ...
... years ago led to the creation of enhancers and exons for a gene responsible for neurodevelopment, ISL1. ISL1 plays a hugely important role in regulating insulin gene expression, governs motor neuron generation, and helps the development of a bilateral heart in mammals. “These add to a growing list o ...
Relationship Between the Occurrence of Cysteine in Proteins and
... of related species with higher numbers of sequences was aimed at decreasing the standard error. The amino acid composition of proteins within a data file was analyzed, with the combined total of the 20 coded amino acids being 100%. The cysteine (and any other amino acid) content was expressed as a p ...
... of related species with higher numbers of sequences was aimed at decreasing the standard error. The amino acid composition of proteins within a data file was analyzed, with the combined total of the 20 coded amino acids being 100%. The cysteine (and any other amino acid) content was expressed as a p ...
A Synonymous Mutation in the CFTR Gene Causes Aberrant
... of the synonymous variant 2811 G⬎T [Gly893Gly] detected in a patient of Italian descent who is affected by a mild form of CF. This mutation creates a new 5⬘ splice site within exon 15 causing a transcript lacking 76 amino acid residues. Mutations within exons are responsible for aberrant splicing of ...
... of the synonymous variant 2811 G⬎T [Gly893Gly] detected in a patient of Italian descent who is affected by a mild form of CF. This mutation creates a new 5⬘ splice site within exon 15 causing a transcript lacking 76 amino acid residues. Mutations within exons are responsible for aberrant splicing of ...
EXPRESSION OF EQUIVALENT CLONOTYPES IN BALB/c
... structures at undetectable levels. For experiments involving induced antibodies, such as these, TLC is used in our laboratory only qualitatively to differentiate acidic and amide residues as the results are difficult to quantitate. All positions in these sequencer runs were initially analyzed by GC ...
... structures at undetectable levels. For experiments involving induced antibodies, such as these, TLC is used in our laboratory only qualitatively to differentiate acidic and amide residues as the results are difficult to quantitate. All positions in these sequencer runs were initially analyzed by GC ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.