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The initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
The initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotes

... MNK1= kinase-interacting protein kinase inhibitors (in italics) used to delineate the pathways. Both MNK1 and eIF4E interact with eIF4G, bringing the two proteins in close proximity, resulting in more efficient eIF4E phosphorylation. ...
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending

... in regulating cellular function and aging including stimulating apoptosis (29) that likely helps prevent tumorigenicity (30). FOXO proteins are modified post-translationally by acetylation and phosphorylation, which are regulated by many factors including metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stre ...
REGULATION BY EXERCISE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTENT
REGULATION BY EXERCISE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTENT

... Skeletal muscle has the ability to undergo major adaptations in response to exercise-training. The adaptive response of muscle to training differs dramatically depending on the nature of the adaptive stimulus. Heavy resistance exercise, also referred to as strength training, results in hypertrophy o ...


... In PCR two primers are selected that point toward each other. The left primer has the same sequence as the top strand. The right primer has the same sequence as the bottom strand. ...
- Department of Biosystems Science and
- Department of Biosystems Science and

... not show sequence-specific DNA-binding ability, it may require other factors to localize. Earlier studies analyzing a small set of loci have argued for specific transcription factors as clients recruiting the chaperone to distinct loci (see above). In addition, a more generic factor such as RNA pol ...
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1

... To date 142 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been identified In T. brucei. Still, based on mapping data and estimates on other organisms, the total number is likely to be close to 200. The results of an initial scan of the HART1 and EM1 genomes allowed us to identify quite a reduced number of sno ...
Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Data (A Large Number of
Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Data (A Large Number of

... First step of making a story: Statistical significance of a particular "Functional cluster" •Suppose we have analyzed total of N genes, n of which turned out to be differentially expressed/co-expressed (experimentally identified - call them significant) - form the Cluster 1 •Suppose that y out of N ...
Kuever et al_final.p
Kuever et al_final.p

... Keywords: spore-forming anaerobes, sulfate reduction, autotrophic, anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds, complete oxidizer, Peptococcaceae, Clostridiales Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae is a mesophilic member of the polyphyletic spore-forming genus Desulfotomaculum within the family Peptococcaceae ...
Taq PCR Master Mix (2x)
Taq PCR Master Mix (2x)

... 5. Place reactions in a thermal cycler that has been preheated to 94-95°C. 6. Standard concentration of MgCl2 in PCR reaction is 1.5 mM (as provided with the 1 x Taq PCR Master Mix) when using 0.2 mM dNTP (each). In most cases this concentration will produce satisfactory results. However, if a highe ...
Exploring the genomic traits of fungus
Exploring the genomic traits of fungus

... membrane disturbing compounds into the fungal host to get access to nutrients inside the fungal hyphae [2]. Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are conserved and prevalent in Gram-negative bacteria. They are known to be involved in competition, predation and inter-specific bacterial interactions [23–2 ...
Regulation of metabolic pathways at the cellular level
Regulation of metabolic pathways at the cellular level

... synthesis of FA takes place in the cytoplasm and their degradation in the mitochondria • Subsequent processes are close to each other (KC and RC) - the local accumulation of substrate • Transport of excess citrate from MIT to the cytoplasm - AcCoA transfer and regulation of glycolysis and FA synthes ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology

... Assume 500 amino acids per protein = 1500 bases per gene (ignores transcriptional elements) Then genome is 1500 bp/gene * 3000 genes = 4.5*106 base-pairs That’s (4.5*106 bp)/(1*105 bp/loop) = 45 loops ...
MORE ABOUT SOLUTIONS - Bio-Link
MORE ABOUT SOLUTIONS - Bio-Link

... nucleotides Single-stranded and shorter than chromosomal DNA. ...
Novel In Vitro Method for Screening Inhibitors of Protein Translation
Novel In Vitro Method for Screening Inhibitors of Protein Translation

... Figure 3. Evaluation of different mRNA configurations for screening inhibitors specific for cap-dependent and cap-independent translation in IVT. Panel A demonstrates expression of capped-TurboLuc luciferase (Tluc) mRNA in IVT. This format can be used to obtain identify inhibitors of cap-dependent t ...
GenomeSequencing_ver3_20040929
GenomeSequencing_ver3_20040929

... Raw sequence: unassembled sequence reads produced from sequencing of inserts from individual recombinant clones of a genomic DNA library. Finished sequence: complete sequence of a genome with no gaps and an accuracy of > 99.9%. Genome coverage: average number of times a nucleotide is represented by ...
Self-Subunit Swapping Occurs in Another Gene Type of Cobalt
Self-Subunit Swapping Occurs in Another Gene Type of Cobalt

... enzyme properties, gene organizations, etc.) shared among these cobalt-containing enzymes [30]. NHase in Pseudomonas putida NRRL-18668 and acetonitrile hydratase (ANHase, an NHase that catalyzes the hydration of small aliphatic nitriles) from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 are also CoNHases in which P14K a ...
DNA sequencing revealed a definitive
DNA sequencing revealed a definitive

... seen that the amino acid sequences preceding the homeo domains are also similar. The sequence of 8 aa immediately preceding the HB4 homeo domain is highly similar to those immediately preceding the Hox 1.7 and XlHbox 6 homeo domains. When the amino acids immediately preceding just the latter two hom ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA

... adjacent to a particular sequence known as the recognition sequence. The most used restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences that are four, five or six nucleotides in length and display two-fold symmetry. The location of cleavage sites within the axis of dyad symmetry differs from enzyme to e ...
Restriction fragment differential display of pediocin
Restriction fragment differential display of pediocin

... Fig. 1. Schematic outline of the RFDD-PCR technology. After synthesis from total RNA, the double-stranded cDNA is digested with TaqI. Following digestion, two specially designed DNA adaptors (see enlargement in box) are ligated to the cDNA fragments. Adaptor ligation has three possible outcomes. One ...
060506-Meeting
060506-Meeting

... •F and RP4 exhibit differing pili lengths, biasing the order in which F and RP4 will conjugate •F and RP4 do no conjugate with themselves •F and RP4 are among the most studied and well-characterized conjugative plasmids •F and RP4 plasmids are readily available ...
GLUCOCORTICOID AND MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS
GLUCOCORTICOID AND MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS

... MR not only have equivalent affinity for aldosterone and cortisol, they are also expressed at considerable levels in tissues such as hippocampus and heart (1, 26), which are not classical aldosterone targets. The question of how aldosterone can occupy MR in epithelial target tissues has been answere ...
Introduction to molecular and cell biology
Introduction to molecular and cell biology

... stRNA ...
Characterisation of the Aspergillus niger dapB gene, which encodes
Characterisation of the Aspergillus niger dapB gene, which encodes

... (Kreil 1990). They have been classified according to their substrate specificity. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidases of type IV (DPP IV) cleave immediately C-terminal to an Ala or a Pro residue, releasing N-terminal X-Ala or X-Pro dipeptides. Due to their unique structural features, proline residues often pro ...
Presentation
Presentation

... to characterize influence of viscous media on the binding characteristics of bacterial luciferase by steady-state and timeresolved fluorescence. Fig. 2 - Native and unfolded conformation of the protein in the presence of osmolytes. [C. Le Coeur at al., Life Sciences and Biology, 2005] ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
FEMS Microbiology Letters

... Cysteine is an essential amino acid involved in maintaining the catalytic activity and structure of many proteins. Cysteine residues are required for many essential and ubiquitous proteins with iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, including cytochromes, ferrodoxins, and nitrogenase (Beinert & Kiley, 1999). ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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