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Direct binding of Nur77/NAK-1 to the plasminogen activator inhibitor
Direct binding of Nur77/NAK-1 to the plasminogen activator inhibitor

... the specific bands were retarded in the gel, identifying the presence of Nur77 in the complex(es) bound to the labeled oligonucleotide (Figure 2A, lane 5). The human T-cell leukemia cell line JURKAT is known to express significant levels of Nur77 only after stimulation,41 and indeed nuclear extracts ...
PCR Reagents
PCR Reagents

... TaqNovaHS DNA Polymerase is a mixture of thermostable TaqNova DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus and a highly specific monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the polymerization activity. The TaqNovaHS enables easy set up of a hot-start PCR reaction at room temperature. The an ...
(THCA) synthase gene in
(THCA) synthase gene in

... Likewise, substitution of A at position 198 bp in #009, C at position 1398 bp in #045, G at position 1410 bp in #078, and A at position 1560 bp in #011 were all synonymous substitutions, so amino acid substitutions did not occur. The substituted nucleotides T at 79 bp in #045 and #078, G at 229 bp i ...
PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens

... Despite several commonalities, T3SEs are evolutionarily diverse and highly variable in their distribution, both within and among species [9]. Their intimate interactions with host factors expose them to very strong selective pressures [15,16] resulting in their rapid evolutionary turnover [17,18]. G ...
endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism
endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism

... and   is   studded   with   ribosomes,   thus   the   cisternal  sheets  are  the  location  of  protein   synthesis   and   folding.   The   tubular   ER   is   enriched   in   tissues   specializing   in   the   biosynthesis  of  lipids   ...
Custom RT-qPCR Assays and Panels for any Human, Mouse, or Rat
Custom RT-qPCR Assays and Panels for any Human, Mouse, or Rat

... RealTime ready RT-qPCR Assays for any human, mouse, or rate gene of your choice are based on highly specific, LNA-substituted short hydrolysis probes from the Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL). Rigorously tested on the LightCycler® 480 Instrument with species-specific universal biological samples, each a ...
Bio2 Gene prediction DNA structure Codons and ORFs Predicting
Bio2 Gene prediction DNA structure Codons and ORFs Predicting

... What is the function? Where is the protein localised? What is the structure? What might it interact with? These are not fully solved problems. The latest issue of Bioinformatics (today) contains many new studies and tools addressing these problems. ...
Isolation of the b-tubulin Gene From Yeast and Demonstration of its Essential Function in vivo.
Isolation of the b-tubulin Gene From Yeast and Demonstration of its Essential Function in vivo.

... 1.6-kb Eco RI DNA fragment in pRB119 does not complement, and therefore seems not to contain, the entire coding region for the fl-tubulin gene. In order to test complementation, a 4.1-kb Barn HI fragment which spans the 1.6.kb Eco RI fragment was cloned into a yeast vector (pRB166; constructed by C. ...
Metabolic decision making by protein-metabolite - ETH E
Metabolic decision making by protein-metabolite - ETH E

... and proteins, at single reaction resolution. We find that this metabolic response is largely established  by  two  mechanisms,  namely  an  approximate  transcriptional  program,  which  rarely  controls  fluxes  alone,  as  well  as  passive  regulation  of  enzyme  activity  through  changes  in  ...
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase

... are associated in the form of multienzyme complexes [56,57]. PC is also found to be specifically associated with other mitochondrial enzymes : in binary complexes with mitochondrial aspartate transferase or malate dehydrogenase, in a ternary complex with aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehy ...
Gene Silencing without DNA: RNA-Mediated Cross
Gene Silencing without DNA: RNA-Mediated Cross

... with a DNA genome. A PTGS-like mechanism is also induced by nepoviruses and caulimoviruses (Covey et al., 1997; Ratcliff et al., 1997) that do not have homology to endogenous genes. In these examples, the infected plants exhibit a response very similar to the virus-induced recovery on transgenic pla ...
Catalog No. SAMPLE: 5 preps GF-RD
Catalog No. SAMPLE: 5 preps GF-RD

... Store Proteinase K and Carrier RNA at -20°C. Kit components are guaranteed to be stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture. Buffer VL and Wash Buffer 1 may exhibit salt precipitation due to cold temperature. If this occurs, simply warm the bottle at 55°C - 65°C with occasional mixing until c ...
pdf
pdf

... 3. Compare and contrast the bacterial system with the eukaryotic system. a) Complexity of eukaryotic initiation? B. Elongation 1. Describe the three repeating steps of elongation. 2. What protein factors are required for elongation and what are their functions? 3. What is Peptidyl Transferase? 4. Wh ...
A Human Centromere Protein, CENP-B, Has a DNA Binding Domain
A Human Centromere Protein, CENP-B, Has a DNA Binding Domain

... al., 1987; Compton et al., 1991); one of the antigens, a 250300-kD protein, was found to be localized to centromere only at early stages of mitosis and was named CENP-E (Yen et al., 1991). Thus, several centromeric proteins have been found to date, but in most cases their roles at the molecular leve ...
Properties and sequence of the coenzyme B12
Properties and sequence of the coenzyme B12

... have been identi¢ed and characterized and the properties of the corresponding enzymes have been determined, a comparison of the reductive branch of glycerol utilization by C. pasteurianum to 1,3propanediol-forming enteric bacteria such as C. freundii and K. pneumoniae can now be done. The deduced am ...
Molecular Characterization of NADH-Dependent
Molecular Characterization of NADH-Dependent

... that had been prepared using a reverse transcriptase lacking RNase H activity. This screening produced numerous hybridizing recombinant phage that contained inserts longer than those previously obtained, including one which was of a size that made it a candidate for a full-length cDNA clone (-7.2 kb ...
this help page as PDF
this help page as PDF

... The Exhaust Align Size is the maximum sequence length for exhaustive search: because the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is slow, the optimal alignment will not be computed in DNA regions longer than the given value (default: 500 nucleotides). Instead, Scipio will try here to place additional amino acids ...
Biochemical Oscillations
Biochemical Oscillations

... (either its affinity for substrates or its rate of converting bound substrates into products). Such enzymes are called “allosteric” because in addition to substrate-binding sites, they have “other sites” for binding regulatory molecules that either activate or inhibit the enzyme. Allosteric proteins ...
Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA
Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA

... ends of each fragment (Figure 8-21). Ends of this type are known as cohesive ends, as each tail can form complementary base pairs with the tail at any other end produced by the same enzyme (Figure 8-22). The cohesive ends generated by restriction enzymes allow any two DNA fragments to be easily join ...
Testing Gene Expression by Reverse Transcriptase PCR (rt
Testing Gene Expression by Reverse Transcriptase PCR (rt

... from various types of retrovirus species). Once the cDNA is made it can be used like any other DNA as a template in PCR reactions with primers for specific genes. After a given number of cycles, the more abundant transcripts from highly transcribed genes (now in the form of cDNA) will yield more pro ...
Computational Biology - Bioinformatik
Computational Biology - Bioinformatik

... - double-stranded RNA molecules, - that are 20-25 nucleotides in length (often precisely 21 nt) and play a variety of roles in biology. Most notably, siRNA is involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, where it interferes with the expression of a specific gene. In addition to their role in the ...
Sense and Nonsense in the Genetic Code
Sense and Nonsense in the Genetic Code

... It has been found ;n studies of several gene clusters in bacteria-notably the lactose (14), tryptophan (13), histidine (15), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (16) clusters-that certain mutations, revertible by baseanalog mutagens, produce a pleiotropic mutant phenotype involving more than one of the genes ...
Interrogating the Function of Metazoan Histones using
Interrogating the Function of Metazoan Histones using

... cerevisiae has identified histone residues essential for viability and for response to environmental challenges (Dai et al., 2008; Nakanishi et al., 2008). However, there are likely to be additional roles for histone residues in multicellular organisms, which exhibit diverse regulation of genome act ...
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... and delicately intertwined with the surrounding conditions inside the cell. Some parts of the pathway, such as the formation of co-pigments and the modification of anthocyanins, are still known in only the barest outlines. These lesser-known parts do not form the most important, key steps of the pat ...
The Small RNA Chaperone Hfq and Multiple Small RNAs Control
The Small RNA Chaperone Hfq and Multiple Small RNAs Control

... Systems converge to LuxO LuxO requires σ54 to function Figure 1. (B) Three quorum-sensing systems function in parallel to regulate gene expression in V. HapR required for cholerae. The functions making up the third circuit (denoted System 3) remain to be identified. Diamonds and triangles represent ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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