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Biopathways Representation and Simulation on Hybrid Functional
Biopathways Representation and Simulation on Hybrid Functional

... places. For sophisticated dynamic systems in which control mechanisms of genes and chemical reactions with enzymes are concurrently performed, it is more reasonable to use real numbers for representing the amounts of some objects, e.g. the concentrations of a protein, mRNA, complex of proteins, meta ...
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in

... of transition from G2 to mitosis. ELM1 (elongated morphology 1) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, and cells harboring elm1Δ exhibit elongated filamentous growth, an indication of G2/M delay (KOEHLER and MYERS 1997). The function of Elm1 kinase in mitotic signaling (SREENIVASAN and KELLOGG 1 ...
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of another variant of the
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of another variant of the

... Nucleotide sequence analysis. Restriction fragments of the 4.5 kb HindIII-Hind111 insert (containing the slt gene) in recombinant plasmid pVGTlO (see Fig. l), were subcloned into M13 mp18 and mp19 replicative-form vectors and into pUC19 and pUC18 plasmids for single- and double-stranded DNA sequenci ...
Figure 5 - GEP Community Server
Figure 5 - GEP Community Server

... looking at the genome. You saw an example of this previously in Module 1. Sometimes we can infer the correct reading frame given the pattern of start and stop codons within the region of the exon, identified by RNA-Seq data. But that sort of information does not always give a definitive answer – the ...
module 5: translation - GEP Community Server
module 5: translation - GEP Community Server

... looking at the genome. You saw an example of this previously in Module 1. Sometimes we can infer the correct reading frame given the pattern of start and stop codons within the region of the exon, identified by RNA-Seq data. But that sort of information does not always give a definitive answer – the ...
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA can be separated into two distinct
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA can be separated into two distinct

... When the TYMV RNA was not heated or treated with SDS before being loaded on the gel, little or no 300 000 molecular weight component could be detected. 3 - Preparation of purified heavy and light RNAs In order to prepare large quantities of the purified light and heavy RNAs we passed heat- and SDS- ...
Profilin regulates the activity of p42 , a novel Myb
Profilin regulates the activity of p42 , a novel Myb

... Profilins, regulators of cytoplasmic actin dynamics, also bind to several nuclear proteins but the significance of these interactions is mostly unclear. Here, we describe a novel Myb-related transcription factor, p42POP, as a new ligand for profilin and show that profilin regulates its activity. p42 ...
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.

... and 3' ends of the HKB structural gene were calculated to be roughly 1170 nucleotides upstream and 210 downstream from the PstI site. Since a number of restriction sites had already been identified in these regions, they were used to obtain suitable DNA fragments from pBR328(EcoII) for dideoxy seque ...
Electrochemical detection of polymerase reactions by specific metal
Electrochemical detection of polymerase reactions by specific metal

... such as triphosphates, DNA, pyrophosphate, and phosphate, albeit with different affinities (Spangler et al. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2008. 1130:138-48.). These metal ions can be used either free or in complex with certain ligands that may increase their specificity. So far, these measurements were cond ...
The RAGNYA fold: a novel fold with multiple topological variants
The RAGNYA fold: a novel fold with multiple topological variants

... for a biochemically diverse set of interactions with nucleic acids. Some notable examples of such folds are the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-like fold, double c-beta barrel (and the related EI barrel), b-grasp, S5-like fold, HhH (helix-hairpin-helix) and HTH (helix-turn-helix) [for further details se ...
The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous
The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous

... to be the usual host of T7) suggests that T7 genes are not so well adapted as E.coli's own genes, although there is clearly some adaptation (19,20). This seems to be confirmed by contrasting the distribution of CAI values for T7 genes with those of E.coli (Figure 1). However, the difference seen in ...
Osmoadaptative Strategy and Its Molecular
Osmoadaptative Strategy and Its Molecular

... Halophilic microbes living in hypersaline environments must counteract the detrimental effects of low water activity and salt interference. Some halophilic prokaryotes equilibrate their intracellular osmotic strength with the extracellular milieu by importing inorganic solutes, mainly potassium. The ...
structure and mechanism of dna polymerases
structure and mechanism of dna polymerases

... abasic sites (Matsumoto and Kim, 1995). The enzyme has a modular organization with an 8‐kDa amino‐terminal domain connected to the carboxy‐terminal domain (31 kDa) by a protease‐hypersensitive hinge region. The 8‐kDa domain contains a 5’‐deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activity that is needed for ...
Light-Related Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity
Light-Related Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity

... down-regulated in E. chlorotica in response to illumination. Plastid gene transcript levels, however, were similarly up-regulated by light in the sea slug and alga, but on a much smaller scale in the sea slug. Overall these results imply that the nuclear-encoded factors responsible for redox regula ...
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... roses. He knew that all the adventurers before him have failed, but that did not bother him too much. He was not going to search through faraway kingdoms like they did, or try to use some strange magic spell. Instead, his clever plan was to use the exciting new science of genetic engineering to find ...
(mmg) operon of Bacillus
(mmg) operon of Bacillus

... various industries. Hence this organism is extensively studied. The genome of this bacterium has around 4000 protein coding sequences, which include 87% of the genome sequence. Because of its ability to use different carbohydrates, the glycolytic pathway along with the TCA cycle is utilized in this ...
PDF - Stanford University
PDF - Stanford University

... et al. 1996). These studies have been very informative in assigning functional properties to retroelement coding regions and in determining the higher order relationships between retroelement families. However, to more fully understand the nature of evolutionary forces that have shaped retroelement ...
UNIT – I: NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND
UNIT – I: NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND

... are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. Two scientists named, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, decided to try to make a crystal of the DNA molecule. If they could get DNA to crystallize, then they co ...
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology

... BmyB2, BmyB3, and BmyB4, located in BmyB, and C1 and C2, located in BmyC. The modules B1, B2, and C1 also contain epimerization domains, directing conversion of amino acids 2, 3, and 6 in a D-configuration. The last domain of this multienzyme system is a thioesterase domain, which is presumably requ ...
The Process of Translation
The Process of Translation

... Epigenetic Control  Eukaryotic and bacterial cells can turn genes off by methylating certain nucleotides.  The methylated (off) genes are passed to offspring cells.  Unlike mutations, this isn’t permanent, and the genes can be turned on in a later generation.  Epigenetic inheritance (epigenetic ...
Genomics Meets Phylogenetics
Genomics Meets Phylogenetics

... Methods of this type, such as the neighbor-joining, unweighted-pair-group (UPGMA), minimum-evolution, and Fitch-Margoliash techniques, have been dominant in studies of gene family phylogeny to date (examples include 4, 7–9, 11, 16, 18, 70, 106). Reliance on phenetic methods has become particularly a ...
Cloning in bacteria other than Escherichia coli
Cloning in bacteria other than Escherichia coli

... of E. coli by the three classical methods of conjugation, transduction and transformation, as well as by the newer method of electroporation. For genemanipulation work, transformation is nearly always used. The reasons for this are threefold. First, it is relatively simple to do, particularly now th ...
Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit
Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit

... Norgen’s Plant/Fungi Total RNA Purification 96-Well Kit provides a rapid method for the highthroughput isolation of total RNA from plants and fungi. The RNA is preferentially purified from other cellular components such as proteins, without the use of phenol or chloroform. The purified RNA is of the ...
En/Spm-LIKE TRANSPOSONS IN POACEAE SPECIES
En/Spm-LIKE TRANSPOSONS IN POACEAE SPECIES

... a given cereal’s nuclear genome) [1]. From the investigation of the Drosophila genomes, it is known that TE can give rise to significant genomic changes by creating mutations, altering gene expression, conducting telomeric function, and promoting chromosomal aberrations [2-4]. TE was divided into tw ...
CHAPTER FOUR  U n
CHAPTER FOUR U n

... for the identification of difference between two complex genomes. RDA belongs to the general class of DNA subtractive methodologies, in which one DNA population, known as the “driver”, is hybridized in excess against a second population, which is the “tester”, to remove common (hybridizing) sequence ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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