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Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase—Associated
Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase—Associated

... terminus [13,14]. The exact cleavage position may depend in part on the sequence of the RNA strand [14,16,17]. Non-directed or internal cleavages. In this mode, cleavages take place within large segments of RNA/DNA duplex, and are not dependent on any positioning of the nucleic acid termini within t ...
Localization of protein-binding sites within families of proteins
Localization of protein-binding sites within families of proteins

... site residues obtained by chance are covered by an existing cumulative binding map. How well does the conservation of location of protein-binding sites in a family correlate with the sequence and structural similarity among the family members? To answer this question, we compared localization with t ...
Modifying the chain-length selectivity of the
Modifying the chain-length selectivity of the

... base is 4.5 Å and increases to 10.5 Å at the entrance to the binding site. The left- and the right-hand walls viewed along the alcohol–acid axis are 10.5 and 16.5 Å, respectively (Pleiss et al., 1998). This substrate-binding pocket can be divided into two parts for alcohol and fatty acid. In BCL the ...
ISOLATE II PCR and Gel Kit
ISOLATE II PCR and Gel Kit

... PCR primers from reactions are eliminated while small DNA fragments are still bound and purified with high recovery. The cut-off for small DNA fragments can be shifted from <50bp to several hundred base pairs by diluting Binding Buffer CB to remove primer-dimers from target PCR products. A yellow pH ...
Sink regulation of photosynthesis
Sink regulation of photosynthesis

... oxidized plastoquinone signals that PSII is rate-limiting and rapidly initiates the transcription of PSII reaction centre genes and decreases the transcription of genes encoding PSI reaction centre proteins. Reduced plastoquinone signals that PSI is rate-limiting and this initiates the transcription ...
Nucleic Acids - Farmasi Unand
Nucleic Acids - Farmasi Unand

... specific sequences of bases. • It is believed that the enzyme rho factor could be involved in the termination of the synthesis and the release of some RNA molecules from the parent DNA strand. However, in many cases there is no evidence that this enzyme is involved in the release of the RNA molecule ...
Coevolution of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with its tRNA substrates
Coevolution of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with its tRNA substrates

... Given the presence of 20 canonical amino acids, one would expect each organism to contain at least 20 AARSs to ensure high accuracy during aminoacylation of the complete set of tRNAs. However, this is true only for eukarya and some bacteria. Most of the other bacterial organisms (2, 3), all known ar ...
The deleterious effect of missense mutations on pre
The deleterious effect of missense mutations on pre

... (for example, an amino acid alteration to a stop codon or as consequence of a frameshift), or (b) affect an invariant splice junction consensus sequence, or (c) were previously reported as pathogenic in the literature based on supporting functional data (Cotton and Scriver 1999). These criteria are ...
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum

... isolated on a 2 4 kb BamHl fragment from the cosmid pLA72 by complementation analysis of the Tn5-induced frk mutant BAL79, and confirmed by hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of the frk gene was found to contain an open reading frame consisting of 978 bp encoding 326 amino acids, which ...
DNA cloning
DNA cloning

... Type I systems are the most intricate and very few of them have been described. Three different proteins form a complex that carries out both restriction and modification of the DNA. The complex must interact with a cofactor, S-adenosylmethionine, before it is capable of recognizing DNA. The S-adeno ...
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate

... a discrete allosteric domain, and that inhibitors act competitively at the catalytic site of different family members which exhibit individuality in the range and extent of molecules recognized as substrate or inhibitor.52 The mutase activity of the T-protein (CM-T domain) is very similar to that of ...
Presentation @3:30pm - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics
Presentation @3:30pm - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics

... •Targets for Future •References •Acknowledgements Translation is the process of synthesizing the peptide chain of amino acids specified by the nucleotide sequence on the mRNA. ...
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology

... plants (Barbieri et al., 1986). However, it has not been possible so far to construct completely IAA-negative mutants. A strain with a knockout mutation in one of the key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that ther ...
LEFT-HANDED Z-DNA: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
LEFT-HANDED Z-DNA: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

... that Z-DNA forms in vivo, and that this occurs as a result of transcription. One approach is to detect Z-DNA using chemical modification of DNA. Through use of either osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate, the formation within E. coli of Z-DNA in plasmids with a d(CG)n insert can be demonstrate ...
Mapping Post-Transcriptional Modifications onto Transfer
Mapping Post-Transcriptional Modifications onto Transfer

... which are added post‐transcriptionally.  2. Post‐Transcriptional Chemical Modification of tRNA  Transfer RNAs contain the highest density of modifications as compared to any other class of  RNA. Not only are tRNAs heavily decorated, the types of chemical covalent modifications are rich  and  varied  ...
Cloning and Molecular Analysis  of  the Plasma ... Paramecium tetraurelia
Cloning and Molecular Analysis of the Plasma ... Paramecium tetraurelia

... known genes [ 10, 11, 361 and additional isoforms which are the result of alternative RNA splicing [lo, 11, 361. Members of the gene family have been cloned from a variety of tissues of higher organisms including: human erythrocytes, teratoma cells, intestine, smooth muscles of rabbit and pig, and r ...
patrick_tb_ch17
patrick_tb_ch17

... Title: Chapter 17 - Question 01 01) Match the following terms and definitions. Feedback: The purpose of the capsid is to protect the viral nucleic acid when the virion moves between host cells. Page reference: 441 a. The protein coat that contains the nucleic acid of a virus = Capsid b. The form a v ...
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA

... The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA assays as measured on the Qubit Fluorometer Glycogen (a branched-chain carbohydrate; Cat. No. 10814010) and Invitrogen™ GlycoBlue™ Coprecipitant (glycogen covalently linked to a blue dye; Cat. No. AM9515) are reagents commonly used to fa ...
BIO450 Primer Design Tutorial
BIO450 Primer Design Tutorial

... which case you would aim for a different level of specificity. Primers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides (‘primers’) which hybridize (‘anneal’) to one strand of the target DNA (the ‘template’). Base-pairing complementarity leads to a short double-stranded region that serves as a site where ...
Quantitative RT-PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C and
Quantitative RT-PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C and

... primary metabolism. One approach is to use a simpler and fully sequenced genome, such as Oryza ...
TRIzol Reagent
TRIzol Reagent

... Chomczynski, P. and Mackey, K. (1995) Anal. Biochem. 225, 163-164). The quantity and quality of RNA is the same with both reagents. The amount of BCP used for phase separation equals 10% of the TRIzol volume. Using lower centrifugation speeds: Centrifugation speeds as low as 5000 -6000 x g have been ...
The Polymerase Chain Reaction
The Polymerase Chain Reaction

... of random primers. These primers are 10 base pairs long (decamers) and will randomly amplify products if they bind close enough on the template DNA. Closely related species will have similar products while others might not ...
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP

... pairs of primers (IGFBP-2a-f, IGFBP-2a-r and IGFBP2b-f, IGFBP-2b-r) were designed in non-conservative region for cloning and verifying the partial fragment of P. olivaceus IGFBP-2. In PCR amplification, 1 lL cDNA template, 2 lL of 109 Ex Taq buffer, 1.6 lL of dNTP (2.5 mM of each), 1 lL of the forwa ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e

... The correct answer is c— B. Answer b is incorrect. The DNA microarray is only sensitive to the presence or absence of an mRNA, not DNA. The correct answer is c—The pattern of gene expression C. Answer c is correct. DNA microarray technology uses fluorescent probes to examine the pattern of gene expr ...
Investigating the link between tRNA and mRNA - EMBL-EBI
Investigating the link between tRNA and mRNA - EMBL-EBI

... of protein-coding genes, which changes dynamically to drive cell function. The abundance of trna genes defines, to a large extent, the efficiency with which mrna can be translated into proteins. On the one hand, this serves to explain the need for the observed, stable trna abundance. On the other ha ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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