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Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant
Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant

... acid) as well as C16-PUFA (hexadecatrienoic acid), in the latter case the intermediate is the so-called dinor-OPDA that may also be metabolized to JA. JA can be further enzymatically converted into numerous derivatives or conjugates, some of which have well-described biological activity such as free ...
food produced from glyphosate
food produced from glyphosate

... into sugar beet plants by the addition of two new genes. One of these genes encodes the CP4-EPSPS protein, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microbes that is not sensitive to applications of glyphosate. The second gene, the gox gene, encodes the glyphosate oxidor ...
Comparison of Sample Sequences of the Genome to the Sequence K-12
Comparison of Sample Sequences of the Genome to the Sequence K-12

... Cloning and sequencing. Five micrograms of genomic DNA was sonicated, end repaired, fractionated, and subcloned in M13 as described previously (56); 1,059 subclones were purified and sequenced by a fluorescence-based sequencing method. Sequencing used standard shotgun library production, automatic p ...
food produced from glyphosate tolerant sugar beet line 77
food produced from glyphosate tolerant sugar beet line 77

... into sugar beet plants by the addition of two new genes. One of these genes encodes the CP4-EPSPS protein, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microbes that is not sensitive to applications of glyphosate. The second gene, the gox gene, encodes the glyphosate oxidor ...
Protein translation in Plasmodium parasites
Protein translation in Plasmodium parasites

... Peptide exit tunnel: the site, formed by proteins and rRNA, where the nascent polypeptide chain leaves the ribosome. P-granules: translationally silent storage particles containing high levels of non-translated mRNA. Related to P-bodies, but differ in their inability to degrade mRNA. Plastid: endosy ...
DNA sentences How are proteins coded for by DNA?
DNA sentences How are proteins coded for by DNA?

... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule of life. DNA is one of the most recognizable nucleic acids, a doublestranded helix. The process by which DNA codes for proteins involves enzymes and additional single-stranded nucleic acids, specifically messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and transfer ribon ...
Cloning and sequence analysis of cnaA gene encoding the catalytic
Cloning and sequence analysis of cnaA gene encoding the catalytic

... between A. oryzae cnaA and the yeast calcineurin A genes and recon¢rmed the role for calcineurin A in salt stress and alkaline pH-mediated growth of S. cerevisiae. Although we have analyzed the molecular structure of the calcineurin A encoding gene from A. oryzae, we are yet to study its function in ...
DNA sentences - seed2stem.org
DNA sentences - seed2stem.org

... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule of life. DNA is one of the most recognizable nucleic acids, a double-stranded helix. The process by which DNA codes for proteins involves enzymes and additional single-stranded nucleic acids, specifically messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and transfer ribo ...
exon junctions of Euglena gene(s) - DigitalCommons@University of
exon junctions of Euglena gene(s) - DigitalCommons@University of

... deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a genomic clone (GC 18) containing 7.4 kb of the 3' end of a LHCPII gene (4). Nine exons were identified in this clone based on sequence homology with Arabidopsis LHCPII. They can be assembled into a continuous open reading frame encoding 113 amino acids of th ...
Bio.Seq.Seq
Bio.Seq.Seq

... DNA as A,C,T,G RNA as A,C,U,G DNA include all ambiguous base characters: R,Y,W,S,M,K,H,B,V,D and N RNA including the ambiguous base characters DNA including the non-standard bases B, D, S and W Standard amino acid alphabet Amino acids including rare or nonstandard ones ...
Cra-mediated regulation of Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase
Cra-mediated regulation of Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase

... of many genes (Saier & Ramseier, 1996). cAMP is also essential for transcriptional regulation of many genes via its receptor protein CRP. When complexed with CAMP, CRP binds to specific sites upstream of promoters, causing transcriptional activation or repression (Kolb et al., 1993). A CRP binding s ...
a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes
a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes

... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
Recognition of Nucleic Acid Bases and Base
Recognition of Nucleic Acid Bases and Base

... observed. Four calculated interactions span the Watson –Crick pairs and 15 span the G:U wobble pair, including two interesting arrangements with three hydrogen bonds to the Arg guanidinum group that have not yet been observed. The inherent donor– acceptor arrangements of the bases support many possi ...
Transcriptome and metabolite profiling the infection cycle of
Transcriptome and metabolite profiling the infection cycle of

... investigated both pathogen and host at two time points during the initial symptomless interaction (4- and 10-dpi) and at the onset of first symptoms (the transitional phase) which occurred at 13-dpi in these experiments. This study confirmed many previously published fungal transcriptional responses ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... uracil in its place. However as seen in the cloverleaf structure of tRNA (Figure 2), there is thymine residue in almost all tRNAs in the TC loop. The difference between uracil and thymine is the presence of –CH3 group on the 5th carbon in the pyrimidine ring in the latter. What is interesting is th ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt

... transcriptome 36, proteome and metabolome techniques and more recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) 37, the exciting possibility of describing a cell in its entirety is now a real option. Combining data from different–omics techniques is extremely powerful, since a more complete overview of cel ...
nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in escherichia coli
nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in escherichia coli

... nitrogen-containing compounds. The name nitrogen was derived from niter (potassium nitrate), a not-so-inert component of gunpowder. Nitrogen is present in many intracellular metabolites and can be assimilated from inorganic or organic sources. Its assimilation from inorganic sources requires reducti ...
A new polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length
A new polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length

... P. falciparum parasites. The sensitivity of PCR was determined by serial dilutions of P. vivax blood samples with known parasitemia. PCR of the P. vivax CSP gene detected levels of parasitemia corresponding to 0.0069 parasites per microliter. 3.2. RFLP analysis To distinguish among the 3 P. vivax ge ...
Studies on the structure and function of 16S ribosomal RNA using
Studies on the structure and function of 16S ribosomal RNA using

... quasi-secondary conditions. We find 57 such residues that show this behaviour. (iii) An unexpectedly stable structure has been identified in the region between positions 109 and 279, where many residues remain unreactive even at 90°C in EDTAcontaining buffer. This region may correspond to a structur ...
MS#5_(Cueno and Laude).indd - Philippine Journal of Science
MS#5_(Cueno and Laude).indd - Philippine Journal of Science

... was partly based on the highly conserved amino acid sequence of KAS and the presence of Cys immediately after our DITAA-based primer, taken together this would further suggest that the sequenced DCTs represent a putative coconut KASIII enzyme. Noticeably, DCT2 transcripts have 100% homology, whereas ...
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters

... The gene coding for this putative decarboxylase was expressed in Escherichia coli in order to assign an unequivocal function. The gene was PCR amplified from Ent. faecium RM58 using Pfu DNA polymerase and the two synthetic primers 57 and 58, and cloned into pIN-III(lppp-5)A3. The resulting plasmid p ...
Acetate kinase from CIostridiurn acetobutylicurn : a highly specific
Acetate kinase from CIostridiurn acetobutylicurn : a highly specific

... phosphotransbutyrylase have been purified and characterized (Hartmanis, 1987; Wiesenborn et al., 1989). The purified butyrate kinase also shows a low reaction rate with acetate as substrate, but the high level of acetate and butyrate kinase activities in crude extracts (Andersch et al., 1983; Hartma ...


... terminus. FMDV 2A activity was studied in artificial polyproteins in which sequences encoding reporter proteins flanked the 2A sequence such that a single, long, open reading frame was created. The self-processing properties of these artificial polyproteins were investigated and the co-translational ...
Counting Small RNA in Pathogenic Bacteria
Counting Small RNA in Pathogenic Bacteria

... key insights into how messenger RNA (mRNA) are produced,1 the regulatory role of long noncoding RNA,2 and determination of cell fate by spatial patterning. One key method used to obtain single cell expression data is singlemolecule fluorescence hybridization (smFISH), a technique first introduced for ...


... A multiple of the smallest overall molecular weight from SDS-Page will equal the overall molecular weight from gel-filtration. Choice C: Specific activity is the ratio of the activity of the target protein divided by the total protein. It is useful because after each purification step the total prot ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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