Investigation 1 - Evolution by Natural Selection
... there a natural process that can explain why there are so many different species, and why they are so well suited to their environments? Darwin suggested that the pattern of biodiversity we observe now could have arisen through time by a single, simple process, evolution by natural selection. The es ...
... there a natural process that can explain why there are so many different species, and why they are so well suited to their environments? Darwin suggested that the pattern of biodiversity we observe now could have arisen through time by a single, simple process, evolution by natural selection. The es ...
FINAL EXAM SCHEDULER
... FES supports nine types of constraints that CONFETI supports. But it does not support every combination of these constraints. The set of constraints that FES generally does not support is: Constraints with parent classifiers other than Students parent classifier. Constraints which take two base clas ...
... FES supports nine types of constraints that CONFETI supports. But it does not support every combination of these constraints. The set of constraints that FES generally does not support is: Constraints with parent classifiers other than Students parent classifier. Constraints which take two base clas ...
Why organisms age: Evolution ofsenescence under positive pleiotropy? Linköping University Post Print
... genotype-by-environment interactions. However, more recent studies that have attempted to quantify genetic correlations across age classes while avoiding some of these pitfalls also tend to find positive genetic correlations, as discussed below. These empirical studies can be broadly divided into th ...
... genotype-by-environment interactions. However, more recent studies that have attempted to quantify genetic correlations across age classes while avoiding some of these pitfalls also tend to find positive genetic correlations, as discussed below. These empirical studies can be broadly divided into th ...
Sexual selection can constrain sympatric speciation
... this effect on polymorphism and the implications for sympatric speciation under Darwin’s hypothesis, however, seem not to be fully appreciated. Here, we present models in which sympatric speciation is mediated by a single trait that experiences disruptive natural selection and that is the basis for ...
... this effect on polymorphism and the implications for sympatric speciation under Darwin’s hypothesis, however, seem not to be fully appreciated. Here, we present models in which sympatric speciation is mediated by a single trait that experiences disruptive natural selection and that is the basis for ...
Front Matter - Assets - Cambridge
... the outcome of evolution. The G-function also produces an adaptive landscape that is useful in analyzing results and drawing conclusions. After 20 years of development, with our work spread over numerous publications, it was difficult, even for us, to see the whole picture. This book allowed us to dr ...
... the outcome of evolution. The G-function also produces an adaptive landscape that is useful in analyzing results and drawing conclusions. After 20 years of development, with our work spread over numerous publications, it was difficult, even for us, to see the whole picture. This book allowed us to dr ...
symposium paper - Matthew Herron
... ing the entire life cycle presents a challenging complication. The concept of fitness is useful to the extent that it predicts, at least probabilistically, the direction and magnitude of short-term evolutionary change. However, I have shown that such predictions will often be in error when only one p ...
... ing the entire life cycle presents a challenging complication. The concept of fitness is useful to the extent that it predicts, at least probabilistically, the direction and magnitude of short-term evolutionary change. However, I have shown that such predictions will often be in error when only one p ...
Teddy Grahams and Natural Selection
... Teddy Grahams and Natural Selection Introduction: W l Welcome to the land of Teddy Grahams. These bears are a t th l d f T dd G h Th b peaceful, herbivorous species that has long enjoyed life without a predator. Their population size remains around 12 b bears. They are limited by the number of c ...
... Teddy Grahams and Natural Selection Introduction: W l Welcome to the land of Teddy Grahams. These bears are a t th l d f T dd G h Th b peaceful, herbivorous species that has long enjoyed life without a predator. Their population size remains around 12 b bears. They are limited by the number of c ...
study on factors affecting the efficiency of marker
... In this paper we simulate the breeding process of marker-assisted introgressing a favorable QTL allele from “donor” to “recipient”. During this process, the foreground selection and background selection were made for introgression population simultaneously: foreground selection is making indirect se ...
... In this paper we simulate the breeding process of marker-assisted introgressing a favorable QTL allele from “donor” to “recipient”. During this process, the foreground selection and background selection were made for introgression population simultaneously: foreground selection is making indirect se ...
Quantitative-Genetic Models and Changing Environments
... and have been the subject of intense investigation (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1998; Chapter 9 in Ferrière et al. 2004). Since many mutations affect several traits and the developmental pathways are complex, their fitness effects may also depend on the genetic background in which they occur, and ...
... and have been the subject of intense investigation (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1998; Chapter 9 in Ferrière et al. 2004). Since many mutations affect several traits and the developmental pathways are complex, their fitness effects may also depend on the genetic background in which they occur, and ...
chapter 23 - Scranton Prep Biology
... B. Mutation and sexualrecombinationgenerategeneticvariation C. Diploidy and balancedpolymorphismpreservevariation IV. Natural Selectionas the Mechanismsof AdaptiveEvolution A. Evolutionary fitness is the relative contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation B. The effect ...
... B. Mutation and sexualrecombinationgenerategeneticvariation C. Diploidy and balancedpolymorphismpreservevariation IV. Natural Selectionas the Mechanismsof AdaptiveEvolution A. Evolutionary fitness is the relative contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation B. The effect ...
talk2
... their genotype from their parents • Individuals’ phenotype (culturally inherited behavior (social norms) determines what kind of behavior an individual actually shows; agents acquire their phenotype through either vertical transmission (from parents) or horizontal transmission (from peers) • Interna ...
... their genotype from their parents • Individuals’ phenotype (culturally inherited behavior (social norms) determines what kind of behavior an individual actually shows; agents acquire their phenotype through either vertical transmission (from parents) or horizontal transmission (from peers) • Interna ...
Optimisation of long term breeding including grandparental balance
... Clone testing possible for spruce but not pine CVAm = 14% (additive variation in value (volume) among trees at mature age) Dominance variance ¼ of additive Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single fu ...
... Clone testing possible for spruce but not pine CVAm = 14% (additive variation in value (volume) among trees at mature age) Dominance variance ¼ of additive Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single fu ...
Name Period
... A characteristic which is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring is called a heritable trait. Fur color is a heritable trait for mice. In general, individuals with a heritable trait that increases fitness produce more offspring than individuals that do not have this trait. Because ...
... A characteristic which is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring is called a heritable trait. Fur color is a heritable trait for mice. In general, individuals with a heritable trait that increases fitness produce more offspring than individuals that do not have this trait. Because ...
A theory of mate choice based on heterozygosity
... genes with a lethal or deleterious effect. In a broader perThe fixation assumption of the good-genes process is not satspective, however, avoidance of close inbreeding may also proisfied when females actively avoid males who carry alleles that duce offspring that are better competitors by virtue of ...
... genes with a lethal or deleterious effect. In a broader perThe fixation assumption of the good-genes process is not satspective, however, avoidance of close inbreeding may also proisfied when females actively avoid males who carry alleles that duce offspring that are better competitors by virtue of ...
An Overview of Evolutionary Computation
... The origins of evolutionary algorithms can be traced to at least the 1950’s (e.g., Fraser, 1957; Box, 1957). For the sake of brevity we will not concentrate on this early work but will discuss in some detail three methodologies that have emerged in the last few decades: "evolutionary programming" (F ...
... The origins of evolutionary algorithms can be traced to at least the 1950’s (e.g., Fraser, 1957; Box, 1957). For the sake of brevity we will not concentrate on this early work but will discuss in some detail three methodologies that have emerged in the last few decades: "evolutionary programming" (F ...
UBC - UCSB Economics
... lambs tell them to nurse when mother offers and not to complain. And the genes controlling maternal behavior tell Mom to be hard-nosed. If lamb calls the wolf when it is older than mom-optimal weaning age, she ignores bleats and lets it take its chances with the wolf. This is an equilibrium. ...
... lambs tell them to nurse when mother offers and not to complain. And the genes controlling maternal behavior tell Mom to be hard-nosed. If lamb calls the wolf when it is older than mom-optimal weaning age, she ignores bleats and lets it take its chances with the wolf. This is an equilibrium. ...
Evolutionary Theory in the 1920s: The Nature of the - Philsci
... assumptions, a mathematical theory that eventually came to be called “biometry” was developed in the United Kingdom thanks largely to the work of Galton (1889) and Pearson (e. g., 1893, 1900). Classical biometry had a vigorous life of only about twenty years, from 1890 to 1910. It came under attack ...
... assumptions, a mathematical theory that eventually came to be called “biometry” was developed in the United Kingdom thanks largely to the work of Galton (1889) and Pearson (e. g., 1893, 1900). Classical biometry had a vigorous life of only about twenty years, from 1890 to 1910. It came under attack ...
Lizards moving from eggs to live birth: evolution in action?
... they originally had the information for earlier. Therefore, evolutionists have numerous modes of reproduction. As a point that S. equalis is significant described above, there is a multitude of for understanding mechanisms of reproductive methods among lizards.1 reproductive variation among lizards ...
... they originally had the information for earlier. Therefore, evolutionists have numerous modes of reproduction. As a point that S. equalis is significant described above, there is a multitude of for understanding mechanisms of reproductive methods among lizards.1 reproductive variation among lizards ...
Adaptationism and the adaptive landscape - Peter Godfrey
... ability to construct a plausible story about selection, but as the ability to statistically identify deviations from a well defined null model. One area in which the disputes seem not to have subsided is evolutionary psychology, where strong adaptationist assumptions are still used and hotly debated ...
... ability to construct a plausible story about selection, but as the ability to statistically identify deviations from a well defined null model. One area in which the disputes seem not to have subsided is evolutionary psychology, where strong adaptationist assumptions are still used and hotly debated ...
Genetic architecture and balancing selection: the life
... within populations. Traits for which the frequency spectrum contrasts with the frequencies expected by mutation–selection equilibrium are likely to be under a selection regime promoting polymorphism, as neutral alleles are unlikely to persist for long at intermediate frequencies within a population. ...
... within populations. Traits for which the frequency spectrum contrasts with the frequencies expected by mutation–selection equilibrium are likely to be under a selection regime promoting polymorphism, as neutral alleles are unlikely to persist for long at intermediate frequencies within a population. ...
population
... greater number of offspring than that produced by others in a population • In the next generation, the offspring with the adaptive trait appear in greater frequency ...
... greater number of offspring than that produced by others in a population • In the next generation, the offspring with the adaptive trait appear in greater frequency ...
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and the Foundations of Evolutionary
... (in this example the Y or yellow allele) would mask the expression of the other. Thus, individuals whose genotype was Yy would actually be yellow flowered, and the Y allele would be said to be dominant over the recessive y allele. By invoking the concept of dominance and recessivity of alleles, Mend ...
... (in this example the Y or yellow allele) would mask the expression of the other. Thus, individuals whose genotype was Yy would actually be yellow flowered, and the Y allele would be said to be dominant over the recessive y allele. By invoking the concept of dominance and recessivity of alleles, Mend ...
Adaptations in Populations
... So, when a population in _________ in genetic equilibrium, when the gene pool changes, populations _____________. When _________________ occur, creating ________ alleles, and individuals with that mutation _______________ and _________________, the gene _________ is altered, leading to _________ ...
... So, when a population in _________ in genetic equilibrium, when the gene pool changes, populations _____________. When _________________ occur, creating ________ alleles, and individuals with that mutation _______________ and _________________, the gene _________ is altered, leading to _________ ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.