Bibliography - Mark R. Lindner
... given the effects of meiosis on the structure of the genome? “How much alteration can occur before a genome must be considered a new replicator depends on the effect the changes have on the organism as an interactor. How similar is similar enough? Similar enough to respond similarly to similar selec ...
... given the effects of meiosis on the structure of the genome? “How much alteration can occur before a genome must be considered a new replicator depends on the effect the changes have on the organism as an interactor. How similar is similar enough? Similar enough to respond similarly to similar selec ...
exam2key-rubric
... combination that describes a way these are connected. For example, if choice Z on the left was “selection” and choice 13 on the right was “relative fitness” you could put Z13 in a blank. Some i ...
... combination that describes a way these are connected. For example, if choice Z on the left was “selection” and choice 13 on the right was “relative fitness” you could put Z13 in a blank. Some i ...
Adaptation and Inclusive Fitness
... the experimenter may also have to change the behaviour of any social partners, by an amount that depended upon their relatedness (or a measure of population structure like FST). It is not without reason that this isn’t the approach usually taken by empirical biologists studying whole organisms. Anot ...
... the experimenter may also have to change the behaviour of any social partners, by an amount that depended upon their relatedness (or a measure of population structure like FST). It is not without reason that this isn’t the approach usually taken by empirical biologists studying whole organisms. Anot ...
Adaptation – not by sweeps alone
... conditions probably hold for most quantitative traits. By contrast, some traits are controlled by relatively few genes and this predisposes them to adaptation by selective sweeps. For example, the lactase persistence and Duffy-null mutations, both of which have undergone selective sweeps in humans, ...
... conditions probably hold for most quantitative traits. By contrast, some traits are controlled by relatively few genes and this predisposes them to adaptation by selective sweeps. For example, the lactase persistence and Duffy-null mutations, both of which have undergone selective sweeps in humans, ...
Chp 23 Evolution of Populations
... Hardy-Weinberg theorem, equilibrium, and equation LECTURE NOTES Natural selection works on individuals, but it is the population that evolves. Darwin understood this, but was unable to determine its genetic basis. I. Population Genetics A. The modern evolutionary synthesis integrated Darwinian selec ...
... Hardy-Weinberg theorem, equilibrium, and equation LECTURE NOTES Natural selection works on individuals, but it is the population that evolves. Darwin understood this, but was unable to determine its genetic basis. I. Population Genetics A. The modern evolutionary synthesis integrated Darwinian selec ...
13.11 Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter allele
... 13.11 Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter allele frequencies in a population Four moose were taken from the Canadian mainland to Newfoundland in 1904. These two males and two females rapidly formed a large population of moose that now flourishes in Newfoundland. Which mechan ...
... 13.11 Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter allele frequencies in a population Four moose were taken from the Canadian mainland to Newfoundland in 1904. These two males and two females rapidly formed a large population of moose that now flourishes in Newfoundland. Which mechan ...
Why organisms age: Evolution of senescence under positive
... correlations across age classes while avoiding some of these pitfalls, also tend to find positive genetic correlations, as discussed below. These empirical studies can be broadly divided into those focusing on (i) segregating genetic variation; (ii) the effects of spontaneous mutations; and (iii) ex ...
... correlations across age classes while avoiding some of these pitfalls, also tend to find positive genetic correlations, as discussed below. These empirical studies can be broadly divided into those focusing on (i) segregating genetic variation; (ii) the effects of spontaneous mutations; and (iii) ex ...
Slide 1
... The admixed group will appear to have too many homozygotes This situation is called the Wahlund effect www.pinegenome.org/ctgn ...
... The admixed group will appear to have too many homozygotes This situation is called the Wahlund effect www.pinegenome.org/ctgn ...
Study Guide Chapter 23
... d. that is very small (Page 460) 7. Gene flow often results in e. a reduction of the allele frequency differences between populations. (Page 462) 8. The existence of two distinct phenotypic forms in a species is known as d. polymorphism. (Page 463) 9. The average heterozygosity of Drosophila is est ...
... d. that is very small (Page 460) 7. Gene flow often results in e. a reduction of the allele frequency differences between populations. (Page 462) 8. The existence of two distinct phenotypic forms in a species is known as d. polymorphism. (Page 463) 9. The average heterozygosity of Drosophila is est ...
L13Generalizations
... b) At any moment, life mostly consists of compact, disconnected forms c) Genotypes are incompatible if the distance between them exceeds ~1-5% 2. Evolution of a lineage a) Changes of a lineage are continuous, with some caveats b) Genomes evolve at much more uniform rates than phenotypes 3. Birth and ...
... b) At any moment, life mostly consists of compact, disconnected forms c) Genotypes are incompatible if the distance between them exceeds ~1-5% 2. Evolution of a lineage a) Changes of a lineage are continuous, with some caveats b) Genomes evolve at much more uniform rates than phenotypes 3. Birth and ...
population
... Concept 23.4: Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution • Evolution by natural selection involves both change and “sorting” – New genetic variations arise by chance – Beneficial alleles are “sorted” and favored by natural selection ...
... Concept 23.4: Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution • Evolution by natural selection involves both change and “sorting” – New genetic variations arise by chance – Beneficial alleles are “sorted” and favored by natural selection ...
1/19/2016 1 The Effect of Artificial Selection on Phenotypic Plasticity
... y = is the vector of phenotypes L & E = vectors of hybrid and environmental effects, such that L~N(0, IσL2) and E~N(0, IσE2) g = the vector of genomic values following a multivariate normal distribution such that g ~ N(0, Gσg2), G being the Genomic Relationship Matrix computed using all the av ...
... y = is the vector of phenotypes L & E = vectors of hybrid and environmental effects, such that L~N(0, IσL2) and E~N(0, IσE2) g = the vector of genomic values following a multivariate normal distribution such that g ~ N(0, Gσg2), G being the Genomic Relationship Matrix computed using all the av ...
Uneven segregation of sporophytic selfincompatibility alleles in
... are relatively simple. Models have assumed frequencydependent selection as the only selective force affecting the dynamics of S-alleles in a population, resulting in equal frequencies of incompatibility types at equilibrium (Wright, 1939; Uyenoyama, 2000). In GSI systems this equates to equal S-alle ...
... are relatively simple. Models have assumed frequencydependent selection as the only selective force affecting the dynamics of S-alleles in a population, resulting in equal frequencies of incompatibility types at equilibrium (Wright, 1939; Uyenoyama, 2000). In GSI systems this equates to equal S-alle ...
THE RESPONSE TO ARTIFICIAL SELECTION DUE TO
... In the second paper of this series (Latter 1965), details were given of three experiments conducted as part of a computer study of the effects of linkage in finite populations under artificial selection. Attention was there confined to an analysis of measures of the total response realized, and in t ...
... In the second paper of this series (Latter 1965), details were given of three experiments conducted as part of a computer study of the effects of linkage in finite populations under artificial selection. Attention was there confined to an analysis of measures of the total response realized, and in t ...
Chapter 23: Population Genetics
... example - predator/prey relationships, where individuals with a rare phenotype may be ignored by a predator, but as they become more abundant the selective advantage decreases because the predator is more likely to notice them ...
... example - predator/prey relationships, where individuals with a rare phenotype may be ignored by a predator, but as they become more abundant the selective advantage decreases because the predator is more likely to notice them ...
Philosophical Foundations of ZFEL - Duke University | Center for
... section 6 below), then the ZFEL does not reduce to the PD. If, on the other hand, you think of the PD as merely describing a phenomenological pattern, then the ZFEL does reduce to it. Sewall Wright may have been the first to appreciate this consequence of drift. Multiple sub-populations, each drift ...
... section 6 below), then the ZFEL does not reduce to the PD. If, on the other hand, you think of the PD as merely describing a phenomenological pattern, then the ZFEL does reduce to it. Sewall Wright may have been the first to appreciate this consequence of drift. Multiple sub-populations, each drift ...
generate and test, gradient descent, and simulated
... simulated evolution produces good results are not well understood, but one important type of space for which it works is a space that is independently a good domain for hill climbing in each dimension. Another attractive property of simulated evolution is that it can be implemented very naturally on ...
... simulated evolution produces good results are not well understood, but one important type of space for which it works is a space that is independently a good domain for hill climbing in each dimension. Another attractive property of simulated evolution is that it can be implemented very naturally on ...
Effective Gene Selection Method Using Bayesian Discriminant
... identify the best subsets in the combinational space of feature subsets. In [7], an evolutionary algorithm, which utilized a score function as fitness function, was proposed for gene selection. In this approach, higher scores were given to certain genes when more data points were correctly classifie ...
... identify the best subsets in the combinational space of feature subsets. In [7], an evolutionary algorithm, which utilized a score function as fitness function, was proposed for gene selection. In this approach, higher scores were given to certain genes when more data points were correctly classifie ...
FEATURE SELECTION = GENE SELECTION
... - Towards more advanced models: the multivariate paradigm for filter, wrapper and embedded techniques • The embedded capacity of several classifiers to discard input genes and thus propose a subset of discriminative genes, has been exploited by several ...
... - Towards more advanced models: the multivariate paradigm for filter, wrapper and embedded techniques • The embedded capacity of several classifiers to discard input genes and thus propose a subset of discriminative genes, has been exploited by several ...
RACIAL MEMORY AND INSTINCT: THE CASE OF THE
... selection.9 Originally offered as a compromise between Lamarckism and Darwinian selection, this theory—as its name implies—follows Lamarck in supposing that an organism’s habitual behavior plays a decisive role in its evolution. Baldwin’s summary of the idea is as follows: “Acquired characters, or m ...
... selection.9 Originally offered as a compromise between Lamarckism and Darwinian selection, this theory—as its name implies—follows Lamarck in supposing that an organism’s habitual behavior plays a decisive role in its evolution. Baldwin’s summary of the idea is as follows: “Acquired characters, or m ...
Reviewing Genotypes and Phenotypes Genotype is the alleles, or
... Natural Selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (traits or characteristics) not its genotype. As a result, it influences the frequency of genotypes. For many traits, the homozygous genotype (AA, for example) has the same phenotype as the heterozygous (Aa) genotype. If both an AA and an Aa individu ...
... Natural Selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (traits or characteristics) not its genotype. As a result, it influences the frequency of genotypes. For many traits, the homozygous genotype (AA, for example) has the same phenotype as the heterozygous (Aa) genotype. If both an AA and an Aa individu ...
Review for Mendelian Genetics Test
... Be able to explain that a dominant trait is not always more common in the population. Be able to give an example of a dominant trait that is rare in the population. Understand that in addition to mode of inheritance (dominant/recessive), the allelic frequency (how common the allele is in the populat ...
... Be able to explain that a dominant trait is not always more common in the population. Be able to give an example of a dominant trait that is rare in the population. Understand that in addition to mode of inheritance (dominant/recessive), the allelic frequency (how common the allele is in the populat ...
Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection for Polymorphic Genes of
... Negative-frequency dependent selection occurs in situations in which phenotypes (and the alleles responsible for them) are favored by virtue of being uncommon. Theory suggests that such a situation may arise for behavioral variation in populations of interacting and/or competing animals, for example ...
... Negative-frequency dependent selection occurs in situations in which phenotypes (and the alleles responsible for them) are favored by virtue of being uncommon. Theory suggests that such a situation may arise for behavioral variation in populations of interacting and/or competing animals, for example ...
Genetics Revision List
... combination of the parents’ original genetic information o Be able to put information into a punnett square to work out probability of offspring carrying specific characteristics o Show using a punnett square how there is always a 50% chance of producing a boy or a girl Adatpations, natural selectio ...
... combination of the parents’ original genetic information o Be able to put information into a punnett square to work out probability of offspring carrying specific characteristics o Show using a punnett square how there is always a 50% chance of producing a boy or a girl Adatpations, natural selectio ...
Investigation 1 - Evolution by Natural Selection
... there a natural process that can explain why there are so many different species, and why they are so well suited to their environments? Darwin suggested that the pattern of biodiversity we observe now could have arisen through time by a single, simple process, evolution by natural selection. The es ...
... there a natural process that can explain why there are so many different species, and why they are so well suited to their environments? Darwin suggested that the pattern of biodiversity we observe now could have arisen through time by a single, simple process, evolution by natural selection. The es ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.