Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
... 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a lower recombination index than the control value. This distribution, seven of eight, has a probability equal to 0.03 if values less than or greater than the control are eq ...
... 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a lower recombination index than the control value. This distribution, seven of eight, has a probability equal to 0.03 if values less than or greater than the control are eq ...
Fifteen years of genomewide scans for selection: trends, lessons
... selective events are inherently more difficult to identify. For example, selection on standing variation (Hermisson & Pennings 2005; Przeworski et al. 2005) and selection targeting molecular variants with complex mutational properties (Zhang et al. 2012; Haasl & Paysuer 2013) involve population gene ...
... selective events are inherently more difficult to identify. For example, selection on standing variation (Hermisson & Pennings 2005; Przeworski et al. 2005) and selection targeting molecular variants with complex mutational properties (Zhang et al. 2012; Haasl & Paysuer 2013) involve population gene ...
EVOLUTION Very Helpful but not required Evolution Info http://nhptv
... spread, because there is no selection pressure. A few thousand years after this, an area of the forest gets wet and turns into a swamp. Most of the forest remains unchanged, but that new swamp area has a totally different set of selection pressures. Swamp water is a little bit acidic, and most of th ...
... spread, because there is no selection pressure. A few thousand years after this, an area of the forest gets wet and turns into a swamp. Most of the forest remains unchanged, but that new swamp area has a totally different set of selection pressures. Swamp water is a little bit acidic, and most of th ...
Sir R A Fisher and the Evolution of Genetics -RE-S-O-N-A-N-C-E--I
... the preface of his book The Genetical Theory o/Natural Selection, published in 1930, he illustrated this approach by the following example: "No practical biologist interested in sexual reproduction would be led to work out the detailed consequences experienced by organisms having three or more sexes ...
... the preface of his book The Genetical Theory o/Natural Selection, published in 1930, he illustrated this approach by the following example: "No practical biologist interested in sexual reproduction would be led to work out the detailed consequences experienced by organisms having three or more sexes ...
Genes underlying altruism
... Queen–worker caste determination in eusocial insects represents a crucial decision point between lifetime relative selfishness and relative altruism. Such decisions have, for many years, been considered to be predominantly or entirely cued by environmental factors that influence the timing and propo ...
... Queen–worker caste determination in eusocial insects represents a crucial decision point between lifetime relative selfishness and relative altruism. Such decisions have, for many years, been considered to be predominantly or entirely cued by environmental factors that influence the timing and propo ...
VI. Gene flow can cause evolution by transferring alleles between
... 14. Explain, in their own words, what is meant by the statement that natural selection is the only agent of microevolution which is adaptive. 15. Describe the technique of electrophoresis and explain how it has been used to measure genetic variation within and between populations. 16. List some fact ...
... 14. Explain, in their own words, what is meant by the statement that natural selection is the only agent of microevolution which is adaptive. 15. Describe the technique of electrophoresis and explain how it has been used to measure genetic variation within and between populations. 16. List some fact ...
Ch 23 Evolution of Populations - juan-roldan
... • Gene flow tends to reduce differences between populations over time. • Gene flow is more likely than mutation to alter allele frequencies directly. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Gene flow tends to reduce differences between populations over time. • Gene flow is more likely than mutation to alter allele frequencies directly. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Bridging differences in concepts of selection between farmers
... S= selection differential, measured as the difference in mean phenotypic value for a given trait between the selected parents and all individuals in the parental population before the parents were selected,=i(r, where /=selection intensity which depends on proportion of parent population selected, a ...
... S= selection differential, measured as the difference in mean phenotypic value for a given trait between the selected parents and all individuals in the parental population before the parents were selected,=i(r, where /=selection intensity which depends on proportion of parent population selected, a ...
English - Umeå Plant Science Centre
... the homozygous of the recessive type; over dominance, where the heterozygote has a phenotype outside the range of the homozygotes; and co-dominance (where both alleles are expressed almost equally). Dysgenic* An action or process that is detrimental to the genetic qualities of a population. Usually ...
... the homozygous of the recessive type; over dominance, where the heterozygote has a phenotype outside the range of the homozygotes; and co-dominance (where both alleles are expressed almost equally). Dysgenic* An action or process that is detrimental to the genetic qualities of a population. Usually ...
Five Drivers of Evolution
... cooler mountains tend to give birth to live young, the mother’s body providing a more stable temperature. It is to be predicted that these two populations will at some point separate into different species. ...
... cooler mountains tend to give birth to live young, the mother’s body providing a more stable temperature. It is to be predicted that these two populations will at some point separate into different species. ...
Gene±Culture Coevolution
... for social learning in a variety of vertebrate species suggests that cultural transmission almost certainly preceded Homo habilis by a considerable length of time. However, social learning in other animals is rarely stable enough to support traditions in which information accumulates from one genera ...
... for social learning in a variety of vertebrate species suggests that cultural transmission almost certainly preceded Homo habilis by a considerable length of time. However, social learning in other animals is rarely stable enough to support traditions in which information accumulates from one genera ...
AP Biology Chapter 23 Guided Notes Evolution of Populations
... • Three modes of selection: – Directional selection favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range – Disruptive selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range – Stabilizing selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes ...
... • Three modes of selection: – Directional selection favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range – Disruptive selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range – Stabilizing selection favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes ...
An Empirical Test for Branch-Specific Positive Selection
... and exons were assembled to form the entire coding sequence of the gene. The resulting alignments were reformatted to serve as input to the phylogenetic analysis programs. The total sequence from each source (generated for this study and previously publicly available) and the average gene coverage f ...
... and exons were assembled to form the entire coding sequence of the gene. The resulting alignments were reformatted to serve as input to the phylogenetic analysis programs. The total sequence from each source (generated for this study and previously publicly available) and the average gene coverage f ...
Part-5A - UTK-EECS
... • Developed by John Holland in ‘60s • Did not become popular until late ‘80s • A simplified model of genetics and evolution by natural selection • Most widely applied to optimization problems (maximize “fitness”) ...
... • Developed by John Holland in ‘60s • Did not become popular until late ‘80s • A simplified model of genetics and evolution by natural selection • Most widely applied to optimization problems (maximize “fitness”) ...
CHARACTERS AS THE UNITS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
... practical to measure, and those adequate to capture the current state of the population we want to represent. Clearly a life table is only an approximation of a real life history. One important aspect of this approximation is the assumption that the set of transition probabilities can accurately cap ...
... practical to measure, and those adequate to capture the current state of the population we want to represent. Clearly a life table is only an approximation of a real life history. One important aspect of this approximation is the assumption that the set of transition probabilities can accurately cap ...
Statistical methods for detecting signals of natural selection
... Consider for example Fig. 1 which demonstrates the evolution of a Mendelian phenotype in two small, isolated populations. Population 1 is gradually becoming bluer, while population 2 is becoming yellower. This is however not a result of natural selection, because all phenotypes have been specified a ...
... Consider for example Fig. 1 which demonstrates the evolution of a Mendelian phenotype in two small, isolated populations. Population 1 is gradually becoming bluer, while population 2 is becoming yellower. This is however not a result of natural selection, because all phenotypes have been specified a ...
Chapter 7 Darwin, Mendel and Theories of Inheritance
... • Firmly holds that the same can be beneficial and innovative in producing new information both at the micro- and macro- evolutionary levels ...
... • Firmly holds that the same can be beneficial and innovative in producing new information both at the micro- and macro- evolutionary levels ...
Models of Selection, Isolation, and Gene Flow in Speciation
... diversity include point mutation of single nucleotides, duplication, deletion, or gene conversion. These processes operate on relatively short time scales within lineages of cells and organisms, and give rise to new allelic variants that differ from an original or ancestral allele by as little as on ...
... diversity include point mutation of single nucleotides, duplication, deletion, or gene conversion. These processes operate on relatively short time scales within lineages of cells and organisms, and give rise to new allelic variants that differ from an original or ancestral allele by as little as on ...
Simulated ecology-driven sympatric speciation
... An individual may also die because of intraspecific competition for the finite resources of the environment, or because of the action of predators. In the standard model, these constraints are taken care of by the so-called Verhulst factor. This is a logistic-type term that introduces a mean-field r ...
... An individual may also die because of intraspecific competition for the finite resources of the environment, or because of the action of predators. In the standard model, these constraints are taken care of by the so-called Verhulst factor. This is a logistic-type term that introduces a mean-field r ...
Practice problems
... season) ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of a. sexual selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. directional selection. ANS: B Balanced polymorphism is a type of a. disruptive selection. b. sexual selection. c. d ...
... season) ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of a. sexual selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. directional selection. ANS: B Balanced polymorphism is a type of a. disruptive selection. b. sexual selection. c. d ...
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... (mean -0.005), values of Fit vary from 0.051 to 0.()54 (mean -0.010), and values of Fst vary from 0.005 to 0.021 (mean 0.015). All are non-significant. result in high esti These generally low values of mates of dispersal between sites using the island model of migration. Estimates for individual al ...
... (mean -0.005), values of Fit vary from 0.051 to 0.()54 (mean -0.010), and values of Fst vary from 0.005 to 0.021 (mean 0.015). All are non-significant. result in high esti These generally low values of mates of dispersal between sites using the island model of migration. Estimates for individual al ...
10 Evolutionary Psychology: A Critique
... additive events during brain development, but the forms and functions of brain structures are then shaped by environmental inputs. So the specialized brain structures we have are primarily environmentally induced, not ‘‘genetically specified.’’ Our species may, nonetheless, have been faced with recu ...
... additive events during brain development, but the forms and functions of brain structures are then shaped by environmental inputs. So the specialized brain structures we have are primarily environmentally induced, not ‘‘genetically specified.’’ Our species may, nonetheless, have been faced with recu ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.