Domestication genes in plants
... silica deposition in cells, three-dimensional organ growth, and organ size •The difference in function between the maize and teosinte alleles of tga1 appears to be the result of a single amino acid change. The fact that there are no discernable differences in gene expression supports this interpreta ...
... silica deposition in cells, three-dimensional organ growth, and organ size •The difference in function between the maize and teosinte alleles of tga1 appears to be the result of a single amino acid change. The fact that there are no discernable differences in gene expression supports this interpreta ...
Temi Avanzati di Intelligenza Artificiale
... applications in the field of evolutionary computation. Give students some practical experience on when evolutionary computation techniques are useful, how to use them in practice and how to implement them with different programming languages. ...
... applications in the field of evolutionary computation. Give students some practical experience on when evolutionary computation techniques are useful, how to use them in practice and how to implement them with different programming languages. ...
Leaping Lizards: Gene Frequency Activity
... "We were actually able to see these processes and document them happening in a natural environment," Jason Kolbe, a biologist at the University of Rhode Island who led the study, told LiveScience. "We know that islands are colonized by new species over time, but we are rarely there to see it happen. ...
... "We were actually able to see these processes and document them happening in a natural environment," Jason Kolbe, a biologist at the University of Rhode Island who led the study, told LiveScience. "We know that islands are colonized by new species over time, but we are rarely there to see it happen. ...
Selection, Gene Pools, Hardy
... Selection, Gene Pools, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Differences between reality and these predictions can help us figure out how selection and mating are really working! Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygotes for an allele is equal to the square of that allele's frequency. In o ...
... Selection, Gene Pools, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Differences between reality and these predictions can help us figure out how selection and mating are really working! Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygotes for an allele is equal to the square of that allele's frequency. In o ...
Microevolution 3
... - in general terms, the effective population is roughly equivalent to the actual number of breeding individuals in the population. - this will always be lower than the current number of individuals present in the population. - this can be thought of as the contemporary effective size. - Ne is also s ...
... - in general terms, the effective population is roughly equivalent to the actual number of breeding individuals in the population. - this will always be lower than the current number of individuals present in the population. - this can be thought of as the contemporary effective size. - Ne is also s ...
Principles of Life - National Center for Science Education
... Mendel (which had been published in 1866 but rarely read or cited), and the basic mechanisms of genetic inheritance began to be unraveled. In the first decades of the twentieth century, Thomas Hunt Morgan’s studies on fruit flies led to his discovery of the role of chromosomes in inheritance. In the ...
... Mendel (which had been published in 1866 but rarely read or cited), and the basic mechanisms of genetic inheritance began to be unraveled. In the first decades of the twentieth century, Thomas Hunt Morgan’s studies on fruit flies led to his discovery of the role of chromosomes in inheritance. In the ...
Constructive neutral evolution: exploring evolutionary theory`s
... adaptive landscapes and rare mutations, are more important, then quantitative genetics might not be informative and macroevolution might be decoupled from microevolution. Resolution of this issue is crucial to evolutionary biology as a whole (p. 322). In Darwin’s original theory, and in the later Fi ...
... adaptive landscapes and rare mutations, are more important, then quantitative genetics might not be informative and macroevolution might be decoupled from microevolution. Resolution of this issue is crucial to evolutionary biology as a whole (p. 322). In Darwin’s original theory, and in the later Fi ...
Chapter 6: Artificial Evolution
... between generational and steady state selection. As mentioned above, rather than producing an entirely new population at the same time, in steady-state selection, only a small part of the population changes at any particular time, while the rest is preserved. Reproduction: The most-often-used geneti ...
... between generational and steady state selection. As mentioned above, rather than producing an entirely new population at the same time, in steady-state selection, only a small part of the population changes at any particular time, while the rest is preserved. Reproduction: The most-often-used geneti ...
Lab 7: Mutation, Selection and Drift
... with the brown eye allele being the dominant wild-type. Recent studies, however, revealed that eye color is actually a polygenic trait. Although 74% of the variation for eye color is determined by the Eye Color 3 (EYCL3) locus located on chromosome 15 (with most variation explained by only 3 single ...
... with the brown eye allele being the dominant wild-type. Recent studies, however, revealed that eye color is actually a polygenic trait. Although 74% of the variation for eye color is determined by the Eye Color 3 (EYCL3) locus located on chromosome 15 (with most variation explained by only 3 single ...
Chapter 13
... – If individuals differ in their survival and reproductive success, natural selection will alter allele frequencies – Consider the boobies: Would webbed or nonwebbed boobies be more successful at swimming and capturing fish? ...
... – If individuals differ in their survival and reproductive success, natural selection will alter allele frequencies – Consider the boobies: Would webbed or nonwebbed boobies be more successful at swimming and capturing fish? ...
Human Behavioral Ecology and Altruism as an Ideal of Human
... Sahlin=s (1976) claim that adoption reflected altruism continue to support non-altruistic explanations (Damas, 1983). In industrial cultures, however, the adoption of non-relatives occurs. This has followed the demise of extended families and the non-availability for adoption of nieces, nephews, and ...
... Sahlin=s (1976) claim that adoption reflected altruism continue to support non-altruistic explanations (Damas, 1983). In industrial cultures, however, the adoption of non-relatives occurs. This has followed the demise of extended families and the non-availability for adoption of nieces, nephews, and ...
Sheep Breeding and Reproduction
... • 27 pairs of Genes • Two genes that form a gene pair may be the same (Homozygous) • If they are different = Heterozygous • If Heterozygous, then one allele of the gene pair may express itself over another = dominance • This dominance can vary from complete to codominance • A hidden gene expression ...
... • 27 pairs of Genes • Two genes that form a gene pair may be the same (Homozygous) • If they are different = Heterozygous • If Heterozygous, then one allele of the gene pair may express itself over another = dominance • This dominance can vary from complete to codominance • A hidden gene expression ...
Evolving New Strategies - Computer Science & Engineering
... If both prisoners stay quiet, they each get n months of jail time If only one prisoner gets ratted out, that prisoner gets n + x months of jail time while the other prisoner gets n – y months of jail time If the prisoners rat each other out, they each get n + z months of jail ...
... If both prisoners stay quiet, they each get n months of jail time If only one prisoner gets ratted out, that prisoner gets n + x months of jail time while the other prisoner gets n – y months of jail time If the prisoners rat each other out, they each get n + z months of jail ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
Natural Selection on the gag, pal, and eltv Genes of Human
... generally exceeded that of nonsynonymous substitution, indicating that these genes are subject to purifying selection. However, in the case of several of the variable (V) regions of the gp120 gene, especially V2 and V3, comparisons within and between families often showed a significantly higher rate ...
... generally exceeded that of nonsynonymous substitution, indicating that these genes are subject to purifying selection. However, in the case of several of the variable (V) regions of the gp120 gene, especially V2 and V3, comparisons within and between families often showed a significantly higher rate ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
... under the assumptions of additive gene action, weak selection and constant environment and demography. This yields a prediction for the direction of allele frequency change in terms of phenotypic costs and benefits and genealogical concepts of relatedness, which holds for any frequency of the trait ...
0 Mutation Selection Balance (very brief notes)
... 0.4 Heterozygote advantage If mutation cannot explain the high frequency of the CF allele, then what other explanations are possible? One possibility is that there is that the mutation may have a fitness advantage in heterozygotes. When the heterozygote has the highest fitness then neither allele wi ...
... 0.4 Heterozygote advantage If mutation cannot explain the high frequency of the CF allele, then what other explanations are possible? One possibility is that there is that the mutation may have a fitness advantage in heterozygotes. When the heterozygote has the highest fitness then neither allele wi ...
Adaptation and speciation: what can Fst tell us?
... demographic history. I suggest that analyses based on it provide a useful first step for identifying candidate genes that might be under selection, and explore the ways in which this information can be used in ecological and evolutionary studies. ...
... demographic history. I suggest that analyses based on it provide a useful first step for identifying candidate genes that might be under selection, and explore the ways in which this information can be used in ecological and evolutionary studies. ...
The niche construction perspective
... to genetic variation (DURHAM 1991). A strong correlation exists across cultures between the presence of the genes for lactose absorption and a history of dairy farming (ULIJASZEK and STRICKLAND 1993). This has led to the hypothesis that dairy farming constructed the selection pressures that led gene ...
... to genetic variation (DURHAM 1991). A strong correlation exists across cultures between the presence of the genes for lactose absorption and a history of dairy farming (ULIJASZEK and STRICKLAND 1993). This has led to the hypothesis that dairy farming constructed the selection pressures that led gene ...
Chapter 23 Slides
... Population size back up to over 30,000 but still much less genetic variation compared to lesser hunted Southern elephant seal ...
... Population size back up to over 30,000 but still much less genetic variation compared to lesser hunted Southern elephant seal ...
Lecture5-PPT2 - UBC Psychology`s Research Labs
... While secretly feeling anxious and unworthy much of the time, her outer beauty helped to disguise these feelings from the world and, sometimes, from herself. Now that she is getting on in years and her children are leaving home, she is worried about the future. She looks in the mirror and imagines h ...
... While secretly feeling anxious and unworthy much of the time, her outer beauty helped to disguise these feelings from the world and, sometimes, from herself. Now that she is getting on in years and her children are leaving home, she is worried about the future. She looks in the mirror and imagines h ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.