Preparation of d, l-Phenylalanine by Amidocarbonylation of Benzyl
... intermediacy of the enamide (Scheme 2). This is corroborated by the fact that an enantiopure aldehyde with a chiral carbon atom in the R-position gave rise to a racemic amino acid derivative when submitted to standard amidocarbonylation conditions.5 Precursors that will form aldehydes under the cond ...
... intermediacy of the enamide (Scheme 2). This is corroborated by the fact that an enantiopure aldehyde with a chiral carbon atom in the R-position gave rise to a racemic amino acid derivative when submitted to standard amidocarbonylation conditions.5 Precursors that will form aldehydes under the cond ...
Alcohols, etc.
... from the end giving the OH carbon the lower number. The name is prefixed with the number indicating the position of the OH group. For cyclic alcohols, the OH is at C-1. ...
... from the end giving the OH carbon the lower number. The name is prefixed with the number indicating the position of the OH group. For cyclic alcohols, the OH is at C-1. ...
Hydrocarbons
... carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side (like a ketone at the end of a chain) suffix is -al Principles of Chemistry II ...
... carbon double bonded to an oxygen bonded to carbon on one side (like a ketone at the end of a chain) suffix is -al Principles of Chemistry II ...
Reactions of carbon radicals generated by 1,5
... sors of alkoxyl radicals, and can be prepared in a separate reaction and then subjected to photolytic decomposition.14 Among the most convenient and easily available precursors of alkoxyl radicals are the alkyl nitrites 4b (RO-NO, 222, kJ/mol), prepared by the esterification of alcohols with nitrous ...
... sors of alkoxyl radicals, and can be prepared in a separate reaction and then subjected to photolytic decomposition.14 Among the most convenient and easily available precursors of alkoxyl radicals are the alkyl nitrites 4b (RO-NO, 222, kJ/mol), prepared by the esterification of alcohols with nitrous ...
Catalytic Asymmetric Induction. Highly Enantioselective Addition of
... N M R spectra compared to liquid-state spectra makes the interpretation of the spectra cumbersome due to peak overlap. In some cases, such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines, these problems arising in the I3C spectra have been overcome by observing 15N instead of 13C.2-4 This requires considerable syn ...
... N M R spectra compared to liquid-state spectra makes the interpretation of the spectra cumbersome due to peak overlap. In some cases, such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines, these problems arising in the I3C spectra have been overcome by observing 15N instead of 13C.2-4 This requires considerable syn ...
Alcohols
... • Nucleophilic substitution of OH- on alkyl halide • Hydration of alkenes water in acid solution (not very effective) oxymercuration - demercuration hydroboration - oxidation ...
... • Nucleophilic substitution of OH- on alkyl halide • Hydration of alkenes water in acid solution (not very effective) oxymercuration - demercuration hydroboration - oxidation ...
Chiral Enolate Equivalents
... handful of other reactive electrophiles.3 Intramolecular reactions may tolerate slightly less reactive electrophiles. With few exceptions, secondary, tertiary, or branched primary alkyl halides, as well as aryl or vinyl halides, imines, unactivated alkenes or alkynes, and many other less reactive fu ...
... handful of other reactive electrophiles.3 Intramolecular reactions may tolerate slightly less reactive electrophiles. With few exceptions, secondary, tertiary, or branched primary alkyl halides, as well as aryl or vinyl halides, imines, unactivated alkenes or alkynes, and many other less reactive fu ...
4-Dimethylaminopyridine - Sigma
... DMAP has been used in natural-product chemistry for the acetylation of a tertiary hydroxyl group of an amino sugar,9 and for acylations of terpenes4,10 and acetylenes11,12 containing secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups. Connors and Albert recommend using acetic anhydride/DMAP as a reagent for the ...
... DMAP has been used in natural-product chemistry for the acetylation of a tertiary hydroxyl group of an amino sugar,9 and for acylations of terpenes4,10 and acetylenes11,12 containing secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups. Connors and Albert recommend using acetic anhydride/DMAP as a reagent for the ...
Zn(BH4)2/Al2O3: A new synthetic method for the efficient
... Al2O3 under microwave irradiation has been reported. Although the reported method is fast for the reduction of aldehydes, in the case of ketones, the need for large amounts of NaBH4 (eightfold) and the moderate yields of the products are major limitations.5c–d On the other hand, zinc tetrahydroborat ...
... Al2O3 under microwave irradiation has been reported. Although the reported method is fast for the reduction of aldehydes, in the case of ketones, the need for large amounts of NaBH4 (eightfold) and the moderate yields of the products are major limitations.5c–d On the other hand, zinc tetrahydroborat ...
OC 2/e Ch 15
... group of an aldehyde or ketone gives a gem-diol, commonly referred to as a hydrate • when formaldehyde is dissolved in water at 20°C, the carbonyl group is more than 99% hydrated O HCH + H2 O ...
... group of an aldehyde or ketone gives a gem-diol, commonly referred to as a hydrate • when formaldehyde is dissolved in water at 20°C, the carbonyl group is more than 99% hydrated O HCH + H2 O ...
Ketones and Aldehydes Reading: Wade chapter 18, sections 18
... Irreversible additions to carbonyls: Strong Nucleophiles 1. Grignard and organolithium addition: Highly basic grignard and organolithium reagents add to carbonyl irreversibly to give alcohols; aldehydes give 2° alcohols and ketones give 3° alcohols; formaldehyde gives a 1° alcohol: ...
... Irreversible additions to carbonyls: Strong Nucleophiles 1. Grignard and organolithium addition: Highly basic grignard and organolithium reagents add to carbonyl irreversibly to give alcohols; aldehydes give 2° alcohols and ketones give 3° alcohols; formaldehyde gives a 1° alcohol: ...
Ch. 10 Notes with Answers
... 7. Solvent and handling: Grignard reactants RMgBr must be made, stored, and handled in ...
... 7. Solvent and handling: Grignard reactants RMgBr must be made, stored, and handled in ...
New Stereoselective Approaches to Highly Substituted
... It was during the early 1990s that the Knight9,10 group commenced research in this field. In model studies towards the valerolactone moiety of Mevinic acids, the Knight group discovered that iodolactonisations o f 3-hydroxyalk-5-enoic acid derivatives 11, gave predominately the /ra«s-3,5-disubstitut ...
... It was during the early 1990s that the Knight9,10 group commenced research in this field. In model studies towards the valerolactone moiety of Mevinic acids, the Knight group discovered that iodolactonisations o f 3-hydroxyalk-5-enoic acid derivatives 11, gave predominately the /ra«s-3,5-disubstitut ...
9: Formation of Alkenes and Alkynes. Elimination Reactions
... They also show that the relative amounts of elimination and substitution products vary significantly depending on the structure of the substrate. Nucleophile versus Base. When ethoxide ion displaces a leaving group in a S N2 reaction, we call it a nucleophile. When ethoxide ion removes a β-H in an E ...
... They also show that the relative amounts of elimination and substitution products vary significantly depending on the structure of the substrate. Nucleophile versus Base. When ethoxide ion displaces a leaving group in a S N2 reaction, we call it a nucleophile. When ethoxide ion removes a β-H in an E ...
Chapter Seven - U of L Class Index
... The Sn 1 mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate in the ratedetermining step. 3°, benzylic and allylic substrates undergo Sn 1 reaction because they form relatively stable carbocations. 1° substrates undergo Sn2 reaction because they are sterically uncluttered. 2° substrates u ...
... The Sn 1 mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate in the ratedetermining step. 3°, benzylic and allylic substrates undergo Sn 1 reaction because they form relatively stable carbocations. 1° substrates undergo Sn2 reaction because they are sterically uncluttered. 2° substrates u ...
Document
... The reaction occurs slowly with pure HCN (pKa = 9.3) but addition of a small amount of base generates the strongly nucleophilic CN-. Equilibrium favors the addition product. The reaction is useful because the nitrile group (-CN) can be further reacted, i.e., reduced by LiAlH4 to a 1 amine (R-CH2-N ...
... The reaction occurs slowly with pure HCN (pKa = 9.3) but addition of a small amount of base generates the strongly nucleophilic CN-. Equilibrium favors the addition product. The reaction is useful because the nitrile group (-CN) can be further reacted, i.e., reduced by LiAlH4 to a 1 amine (R-CH2-N ...
Chapter Seven PPT
... • Unsaturated Compounds (Less than Maximum H Atoms) • Alkenes also Referred to as Olefins • Properties Similar to those of Corresponding Alkanes • Slightly Soluble in Water • Dissolve Readily in Nonpolar or Low Polarity Solvents • Densities of Alkenes and Alkynes Less than Water ...
... • Unsaturated Compounds (Less than Maximum H Atoms) • Alkenes also Referred to as Olefins • Properties Similar to those of Corresponding Alkanes • Slightly Soluble in Water • Dissolve Readily in Nonpolar or Low Polarity Solvents • Densities of Alkenes and Alkynes Less than Water ...
Recent advances in homogeneous nickel catalysis
... of hydrolysis. However, their reactivity towards oxidative addition by metals is also considerably reduced, often leading to the need for harsher reaction conditions. For these reasons, catalyst systems capable of activating the C–O bonds of functional groups other than triflates—such as ethers, est ...
... of hydrolysis. However, their reactivity towards oxidative addition by metals is also considerably reduced, often leading to the need for harsher reaction conditions. For these reasons, catalyst systems capable of activating the C–O bonds of functional groups other than triflates—such as ethers, est ...
Alcools
... Alcohols are noticeably less volatile; their melting points are greater and they are more water soluble than the corresponding hydrocarbons having similar molecular weights. These differences are due to the OH group which renders a certain polarity to the molecule. The result is an important intermo ...
... Alcohols are noticeably less volatile; their melting points are greater and they are more water soluble than the corresponding hydrocarbons having similar molecular weights. These differences are due to the OH group which renders a certain polarity to the molecule. The result is an important intermo ...
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MEDICINAL
... and carboxylic acids is, perhaps, less obvious. In carboxylic acids the negative charge formed upon ionization (in the conjugate base) is delocalized over three atoms while in phenols the negative charge is delocalized over seven atoms. Based on the number of atoms over which charge is distributed o ...
... and carboxylic acids is, perhaps, less obvious. In carboxylic acids the negative charge formed upon ionization (in the conjugate base) is delocalized over three atoms while in phenols the negative charge is delocalized over seven atoms. Based on the number of atoms over which charge is distributed o ...
File - Chemistry Workshop
... A secondary carbon is directly bonded to two other C’s. A tertiary carbon is directly bonded to three other C’s. Multivalent atoms are 1º, 2º, or 3º by bonding to C’s. Univalent atom or group not really 1º, 2º, or 3º on its own - ID depends on type of carbon it is bonded to. ...
... A secondary carbon is directly bonded to two other C’s. A tertiary carbon is directly bonded to three other C’s. Multivalent atoms are 1º, 2º, or 3º by bonding to C’s. Univalent atom or group not really 1º, 2º, or 3º on its own - ID depends on type of carbon it is bonded to. ...
Alcohols
... • Nucleophilic substitution of OH- on alkyl halide • Hydration of alkenes water in acid solution (not very effective) oxymercuration - demercuration hydroboration - oxidation ...
... • Nucleophilic substitution of OH- on alkyl halide • Hydration of alkenes water in acid solution (not very effective) oxymercuration - demercuration hydroboration - oxidation ...
Chapter 1 Chemical Bonding and Chemical Structure
... • NH3, RNH2, and R2NH are amphoteric: they may act as bases and acids • They are very weakly acidic – Will give up H+ to a very strong base • The conjugate base of an amine is called an amide (do not confuse with amide derivatives of carboxylic acids) ...
... • NH3, RNH2, and R2NH are amphoteric: they may act as bases and acids • They are very weakly acidic – Will give up H+ to a very strong base • The conjugate base of an amine is called an amide (do not confuse with amide derivatives of carboxylic acids) ...
Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenat- ion and Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
... The word “chirality” is derived from the Greek, χειρ (kheir) which means “hand”. Our hands cannot be superimposed onto each other but are mirror images of each other. Chirality can be traced back to the beginning of the 1900s, when the phrase was first introduced by Lord Kelvin,3 whose original stat ...
... The word “chirality” is derived from the Greek, χειρ (kheir) which means “hand”. Our hands cannot be superimposed onto each other but are mirror images of each other. Chirality can be traced back to the beginning of the 1900s, when the phrase was first introduced by Lord Kelvin,3 whose original stat ...
Elias James Corey
Elias James ""E.J."" Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably.