Basic definitions for organic chemistry
... of the compound present, then multiplying by 100. Elemental mass of C and H can be found by allowing the substance to undergo complete combustion. From this one can find... • mass of carbon • mass of hydrogen ...
... of the compound present, then multiplying by 100. Elemental mass of C and H can be found by allowing the substance to undergo complete combustion. From this one can find... • mass of carbon • mass of hydrogen ...
chapter 4 carbon and the molecular diversity of life
... sharing electrons with other atoms in four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom thus acts as an intersection point from which a molecule can branch off in up to four directions. This tetravalence is one facet of carbon’s versatility that makes large, complex molecules possible. ...
... sharing electrons with other atoms in four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom thus acts as an intersection point from which a molecule can branch off in up to four directions. This tetravalence is one facet of carbon’s versatility that makes large, complex molecules possible. ...
alkene structure, naming, stereochemistry & preparation
... - The cis-/trans- notation for alkenes is being replaced by E(trans)-/Z(cis)- notation: 1st: Expand the C=C fragment and dissect it vertically 2nd: Identify and rank the groups at left; use the ...
... - The cis-/trans- notation for alkenes is being replaced by E(trans)-/Z(cis)- notation: 1st: Expand the C=C fragment and dissect it vertically 2nd: Identify and rank the groups at left; use the ...
Basic definitions for organic chemistry
... example(s) methane, butane ethene, butene ethanoic acid systematic name ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) ...
... example(s) methane, butane ethene, butene ethanoic acid systematic name ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) ...
MECH 558 Combustion Class Notes - Page: notes06
... Before learning how hydrocarbons react with oxygen in flames, we must first go over some nomenclature for the different classes of hydrocarbons. 2.1. Alkanes (paraffins): These molecules consist of carbon atoms which are all connected by ...
... Before learning how hydrocarbons react with oxygen in flames, we must first go over some nomenclature for the different classes of hydrocarbons. 2.1. Alkanes (paraffins): These molecules consist of carbon atoms which are all connected by ...
Preparation of Alkyl Halides
... primary hydrogens (CH3) is responsible for 30%/6 = 5% of product, whereas 70% of secondary alkyl halide means that each one of the four secondary hydrogens (CH2) is responsible for 70%/4 = 17.5% of the product. Hence, chlorination at secondary carbon occurs about 3.5 times the rate of chlorination a ...
... primary hydrogens (CH3) is responsible for 30%/6 = 5% of product, whereas 70% of secondary alkyl halide means that each one of the four secondary hydrogens (CH2) is responsible for 70%/4 = 17.5% of the product. Hence, chlorination at secondary carbon occurs about 3.5 times the rate of chlorination a ...
PPTB&W - Gmu - George Mason University
... the chiral atom being attached to 4 distinct groups If the attached groups are not distinct the molecule is NOT optically active ● An isomer of an optically active reactant added to a mixture of optically active isomers of an another compound will produce products of different properties – solubilit ...
... the chiral atom being attached to 4 distinct groups If the attached groups are not distinct the molecule is NOT optically active ● An isomer of an optically active reactant added to a mixture of optically active isomers of an another compound will produce products of different properties – solubilit ...
Monosaccharide
... • The enantiomer that rotates polarized light to the left is the levorotatory or (-) enantiomer. • The enantiomer that rotates it to the right is the dextrorotatory or (+) enantiomer. • The D and L designations do not represent dextrorotatory and levorotatory. • The property of rotating the plane of ...
... • The enantiomer that rotates polarized light to the left is the levorotatory or (-) enantiomer. • The enantiomer that rotates it to the right is the dextrorotatory or (+) enantiomer. • The D and L designations do not represent dextrorotatory and levorotatory. • The property of rotating the plane of ...
Porphyrin Complex - Center for Biomimetic Systems
... High-valent oxoiron(IV) porphyrins have been frequently invoked as the key oxidants in the catalytic cycle of heme-containing enzymes.1 Especially, oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radicals, referred to as compound I, are believed to carry out oxygen atom transfer reactions in the catalytic oxidation ...
... High-valent oxoiron(IV) porphyrins have been frequently invoked as the key oxidants in the catalytic cycle of heme-containing enzymes.1 Especially, oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radicals, referred to as compound I, are believed to carry out oxygen atom transfer reactions in the catalytic oxidation ...
Alkene - Synthesis
... Step 3: deprotonation to give alkene fast The carbocation is a strong acid: a weak base like water or bisulfate can abstract the proton. What else forms? ...
... Step 3: deprotonation to give alkene fast The carbocation is a strong acid: a weak base like water or bisulfate can abstract the proton. What else forms? ...
File
... the OH¯ ion acts as a base and picks up a proton the proton comes from a C atom next to the one bonded to the halogen the electron pair moves to form a second bond between the carbon atoms the halogen is displaced; overall there is ELIMINATION of HBr. With unsymmetrical halogenoalkanes, a mixture of ...
... the OH¯ ion acts as a base and picks up a proton the proton comes from a C atom next to the one bonded to the halogen the electron pair moves to form a second bond between the carbon atoms the halogen is displaced; overall there is ELIMINATION of HBr. With unsymmetrical halogenoalkanes, a mixture of ...
-23- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A. STRUCTURE AND ISOMERISM 1
... (c) straight and branched chains - isomerism (d) general formulae for alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes - units of unsaturation (double-bond equivalents) Structural isomerism (a) chain isomerism (b) positional isomerism (c) functional group isomerism Geometric (cis-trans) isomerism (a) in c ...
... (c) straight and branched chains - isomerism (d) general formulae for alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes - units of unsaturation (double-bond equivalents) Structural isomerism (a) chain isomerism (b) positional isomerism (c) functional group isomerism Geometric (cis-trans) isomerism (a) in c ...
Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models
... As a way to get a handle on these concepts try the following problems; 1. Write the general rule for determining whether a chemical formula represents an ionic or a covalent compound. For example, which of the following formulas describe ionic and/or covalent compounds? NaCl, CO2, CaCl2, HCl, CH3Br, ...
... As a way to get a handle on these concepts try the following problems; 1. Write the general rule for determining whether a chemical formula represents an ionic or a covalent compound. For example, which of the following formulas describe ionic and/or covalent compounds? NaCl, CO2, CaCl2, HCl, CH3Br, ...
Ch 25 Hydrocarbon Compounds
... carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds, contains the maximum number of hydrogen compounds • Unsaturated – organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds ...
... carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds, contains the maximum number of hydrogen compounds • Unsaturated – organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds ...
Salame - The City College of New York
... The CCNY policy on academic integrity will be followed in this course. The document can be found through the CCNY website by clicking on Current Students Academic Services Policy on Academic Integrity. All students must read the details regarding plagiarism and cheating in order to be familiar w ...
... The CCNY policy on academic integrity will be followed in this course. The document can be found through the CCNY website by clicking on Current Students Academic Services Policy on Academic Integrity. All students must read the details regarding plagiarism and cheating in order to be familiar w ...
PDF
... Step 1: Name the longest chain to which the –OH group is attached. Use the hydrocarbon name of the chain, drop the final –e, and replace it with –ol. Step 2: Number the longest chain to give the lowest number to the carbon with the attached –OH. Step 3: Locate the –OH position. ...
... Step 1: Name the longest chain to which the –OH group is attached. Use the hydrocarbon name of the chain, drop the final –e, and replace it with –ol. Step 2: Number the longest chain to give the lowest number to the carbon with the attached –OH. Step 3: Locate the –OH position. ...
Carbon and its Compounds Summary Study of the compounds of
... Soap forms a colloidal solution in water and when soap is applied to the surface of a wet dirty cloth, the non-polar long end hydrocarbon of soap attaches itself to the dirt and grease. The short polar or ionic end of the soap molecule remains attached to water molecules. The latter form very small ...
... Soap forms a colloidal solution in water and when soap is applied to the surface of a wet dirty cloth, the non-polar long end hydrocarbon of soap attaches itself to the dirt and grease. The short polar or ionic end of the soap molecule remains attached to water molecules. The latter form very small ...
cis-trans
... Sample Exercise 25.2 Writing Condensed Structural Formulas Write the condensed structural formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane. Solution Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alk ...
... Sample Exercise 25.2 Writing Condensed Structural Formulas Write the condensed structural formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane. Solution Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alk ...
Worked out problems
... Sample Exercise 25.2 Writing Condensed Structural Formulas Write the condensed structural formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane. Solution Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alk ...
... Sample Exercise 25.2 Writing Condensed Structural Formulas Write the condensed structural formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane. Solution Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alk ...
this file - CBE Project Server
... ❏ primary carbon cation ❏ carbanion ❏ Markovnikov's Rule ❏ nucleophilic ❏ ortho, meta, para ❏ alcohol ...
... ❏ primary carbon cation ❏ carbanion ❏ Markovnikov's Rule ❏ nucleophilic ❏ ortho, meta, para ❏ alcohol ...
iupac nomenclature of organic chemistry
... depending on which end of the alkane chain is counted as "1", then numbering is chosen so that the smallest number is used. For example, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (isopentane) is named 2methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. ...
... depending on which end of the alkane chain is counted as "1", then numbering is chosen so that the smallest number is used. For example, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (isopentane) is named 2methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. ...
![UNIT_3_PART_5[3]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013887813_1-e384d1258759e65beb0bedcc6881c6f9-300x300.png)
UNIT_3_PART_5[3]
... group. These are also named based on the number of carbons but the suffix is “yl” For example methyl –CH3. These alkyl groups can then bond with another compound in place of a hydrogen. ...
... group. These are also named based on the number of carbons but the suffix is “yl” For example methyl –CH3. These alkyl groups can then bond with another compound in place of a hydrogen. ...
File - Riske Science
... The solubility of organic compounds in water depends on the polarity of any attached functional groups. Nonpolar organic compounds are hydrophobic, so, they are less soluble in water than in organic solvents. Organic compounds that contain polar groups such as low molecular weight alcohols and other ...
... The solubility of organic compounds in water depends on the polarity of any attached functional groups. Nonpolar organic compounds are hydrophobic, so, they are less soluble in water than in organic solvents. Organic compounds that contain polar groups such as low molecular weight alcohols and other ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.