11.Unit 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.
... (iii)PCl3 (iv) SOCl2/Pyridine.The reaction with SOCl2/Pyridine is preferred because in this case side products are gaseous and can be expelled during distillation. Halogenation of alkenes in the presence of peroxides takes place through free radicals as intermediates and results in anti-Markownikoff ...
... (iii)PCl3 (iv) SOCl2/Pyridine.The reaction with SOCl2/Pyridine is preferred because in this case side products are gaseous and can be expelled during distillation. Halogenation of alkenes in the presence of peroxides takes place through free radicals as intermediates and results in anti-Markownikoff ...
Organic Lab
... compounds known, it has been helpful to chemists to divide these compounds into families, based on what functional group they contain. Generally it is found that all the members of a family containing a particular functional group will have many similar physical properties and will undergo similar c ...
... compounds known, it has been helpful to chemists to divide these compounds into families, based on what functional group they contain. Generally it is found that all the members of a family containing a particular functional group will have many similar physical properties and will undergo similar c ...
Unit 2 - Organic Chemistry Straight Chain Alkanes
... - Double and triple bonds are easier to break than single bonds - Hence compounds containing these are more reactive than those with single bonds Halogens - Unequal sharing of electrons result in polar bonds - This increases intermolecular attraction, increasing the boiling point and melting point ...
... - Double and triple bonds are easier to break than single bonds - Hence compounds containing these are more reactive than those with single bonds Halogens - Unequal sharing of electrons result in polar bonds - This increases intermolecular attraction, increasing the boiling point and melting point ...
Organic Nomenclature
... (This is not 6-ethyl-7-ethylnonane. Start the numbering from the left so the side chains have lower numbers.) ...
... (This is not 6-ethyl-7-ethylnonane. Start the numbering from the left so the side chains have lower numbers.) ...
Survival Organic Chemistry
... will provide you with structural insights which will help you better understand many of our chemical discussions in the area of chemical kinetics and acid/base chemistry. If you go to the Assignment Page on your Personal page to the Laboratory information there are several links which will add value ...
... will provide you with structural insights which will help you better understand many of our chemical discussions in the area of chemical kinetics and acid/base chemistry. If you go to the Assignment Page on your Personal page to the Laboratory information there are several links which will add value ...
Lab 7
... a single bond, two longer connectors for a double bond, and three longer connectors for a triple bond. Use the flat pieces to represent nonbonding electron pairs. (The chlorine “atoms” do not have holes for the nonbonding electron pairs to be attached, so omit them in your models and in your structu ...
... a single bond, two longer connectors for a double bond, and three longer connectors for a triple bond. Use the flat pieces to represent nonbonding electron pairs. (The chlorine “atoms” do not have holes for the nonbonding electron pairs to be attached, so omit them in your models and in your structu ...
4.5: Bonding in Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
... 4.4: Classes of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides - Alcohols and alkyl halides are classified as according to the degree of substitution of the carbon bearing the halogen or -OH group OH primary (1°) : one alkyl substituent secondary (2°) : two alkyl substituents tertiary (3°) : three alkyl substituents 2- ...
... 4.4: Classes of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides - Alcohols and alkyl halides are classified as according to the degree of substitution of the carbon bearing the halogen or -OH group OH primary (1°) : one alkyl substituent secondary (2°) : two alkyl substituents tertiary (3°) : three alkyl substituents 2- ...
CH 3
... Alcohols: alkane-ol CH3CH2CHOHCH32-butanol Ethers: Name each of hydrocarbon groups attached to the O atom separately and alphabetically. CH3OCH2CH3ethyl methyl ether. Aldehydes: identify the parent alkane (including C of –CHO in count of carbon atoms); change the final –e into –al. the –CHO group ...
... Alcohols: alkane-ol CH3CH2CHOHCH32-butanol Ethers: Name each of hydrocarbon groups attached to the O atom separately and alphabetically. CH3OCH2CH3ethyl methyl ether. Aldehydes: identify the parent alkane (including C of –CHO in count of carbon atoms); change the final –e into –al. the –CHO group ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM
... 1. Atomic Structure- Orbitals, Electron Configurations 2. Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory 3. Hybridization: sp3 Orbitals and the Structure of Methane, sp2 Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen a ...
... 1. Atomic Structure- Orbitals, Electron Configurations 2. Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory 3. Hybridization: sp3 Orbitals and the Structure of Methane, sp2 Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen a ...
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
... formed by the sharing of electrons between the two atoms. The sharing of electrons takes place in such a way that each atom in the resulting molecule gets the stable electron arrangement of an inert gas. When ever a non – metal reacts with another non – metal, sharing of electrons takes place betwee ...
... formed by the sharing of electrons between the two atoms. The sharing of electrons takes place in such a way that each atom in the resulting molecule gets the stable electron arrangement of an inert gas. When ever a non – metal reacts with another non – metal, sharing of electrons takes place betwee ...
EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models
... Important concepts to remember: Electron configuration, octet rule, valence electrons, simple Lewis structures, covalent bond, ionic bond, polar covalent bonds, sigma and pi bonds, single, double and triple bonds, bond lengths and angles, resonance, and bond dissociation energies. Your textbook will ...
... Important concepts to remember: Electron configuration, octet rule, valence electrons, simple Lewis structures, covalent bond, ionic bond, polar covalent bonds, sigma and pi bonds, single, double and triple bonds, bond lengths and angles, resonance, and bond dissociation energies. Your textbook will ...
ch15 lecture 7e
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
... for hydrocarbons with (a) Six C atoms, no multiple bonds, and no rings (b) Four C atoms, one double bond, and no rings (c) Four C atoms, no multiple bonds, and one ring PLAN: In each case, we draw the longest carbon chain first and then work down to smaller chains with branches at different points a ...
Chapter 4
... • This molecule has an OH (called a hydroxy group) attached to its backbone. • Compounds containing an OH group are called alcohols. • The hydroxy group makes the properties of ethanol very different from the properties of ethane. • Ethanol has lone pairs and polar bonds that make it reactive. ...
... • This molecule has an OH (called a hydroxy group) attached to its backbone. • Compounds containing an OH group are called alcohols. • The hydroxy group makes the properties of ethanol very different from the properties of ethane. • Ethanol has lone pairs and polar bonds that make it reactive. ...
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
... Not all the alkanes are straight chained compounds, as shown in the previous table, they can have side chains or branches. These variations of compounds which have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but a different arrangement are known as isomers. Some isomers are shown in the diagram b ...
... Not all the alkanes are straight chained compounds, as shown in the previous table, they can have side chains or branches. These variations of compounds which have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but a different arrangement are known as isomers. Some isomers are shown in the diagram b ...
Chapter 1 - chemistry
... When using the IUPAC system to name continuous-chain substituted alcohols, drop the –e ending of the parent alkane name and add the ending –ol. The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that includes the C attached to the hydroxyl group. In numbering the longest continuous chain, the po ...
... When using the IUPAC system to name continuous-chain substituted alcohols, drop the –e ending of the parent alkane name and add the ending –ol. The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that includes the C attached to the hydroxyl group. In numbering the longest continuous chain, the po ...
Alcohols
... Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules because of the polar carbon-oxygen double bond. Their boiling points are lower than alcohols of similar sizes because the do not form hydrogen bonds. They are more soluble in water then hydrocarbons. These compounds are soluble in both polar and nonp ...
... Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules because of the polar carbon-oxygen double bond. Their boiling points are lower than alcohols of similar sizes because the do not form hydrogen bonds. They are more soluble in water then hydrocarbons. These compounds are soluble in both polar and nonp ...
Worked_Examples
... a. The only attractions between molecules of alkanes such as pentane are dispersion forces. With no dipole–dipole attractions or hydrogen bonds, pentane has the lowest boiling point of the three compounds. With a polar carbonyl group, butanone molecules form dipole–dipole attractions, but no hydroge ...
... a. The only attractions between molecules of alkanes such as pentane are dispersion forces. With no dipole–dipole attractions or hydrogen bonds, pentane has the lowest boiling point of the three compounds. With a polar carbonyl group, butanone molecules form dipole–dipole attractions, but no hydroge ...
Survival Organic Laboratory
... Important concepts to remember: Electron configuration, octet rule, valence electrons, simple Lewis structures, covalent bond, ionic bond, polar covalent bonds, sigma and pi bonds, single, double and triple bonds, bond lengths and angles, resonance, and bond dissociation energies. Your textbook will ...
... Important concepts to remember: Electron configuration, octet rule, valence electrons, simple Lewis structures, covalent bond, ionic bond, polar covalent bonds, sigma and pi bonds, single, double and triple bonds, bond lengths and angles, resonance, and bond dissociation energies. Your textbook will ...
Lex 4.1 Alcohols Thiols Ethers
... 3. Number: –OH is attached to lowest C number Name: location-alkan-ol: 1-pentanol 4. Locate/list other substituents in front 2-ethyl-1-pentanol ...
... 3. Number: –OH is attached to lowest C number Name: location-alkan-ol: 1-pentanol 4. Locate/list other substituents in front 2-ethyl-1-pentanol ...
notes07
... Before learning how hydrocarbons react with oxygen in flames, we must first go over some nomenclature for the different classes of hydrocarbons. 2.1. Alkanes (paraffins): These molecules consist of carbon atoms which are all connected by single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen atoms (i.e. no mo ...
... Before learning how hydrocarbons react with oxygen in flames, we must first go over some nomenclature for the different classes of hydrocarbons. 2.1. Alkanes (paraffins): These molecules consist of carbon atoms which are all connected by single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen atoms (i.e. no mo ...
uncorrected page proofs
... Rules for naming hydrocarbons There are a number of rules for naming hydrocarbons. • Rule 1: Determine the longest chain of carbon atoms. • Rule 2: Determine which end is nearest to a branch, a double bond or a triple bond. (A double or triple bond takes precedence over a branch if they are equid ...
... Rules for naming hydrocarbons There are a number of rules for naming hydrocarbons. • Rule 1: Determine the longest chain of carbon atoms. • Rule 2: Determine which end is nearest to a branch, a double bond or a triple bond. (A double or triple bond takes precedence over a branch if they are equid ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.