Problem Set: Empirical and Molecular Formulas
... 1. Carbon monoxide can be combined with hydrogen to produce methanol, CH 3OH. If you had 152.5 g CO and 24.50 g H2, how many kilograms of CH3OH would be produced? (Hint: make sure equation is balanced first!) CO ...
... 1. Carbon monoxide can be combined with hydrogen to produce methanol, CH 3OH. If you had 152.5 g CO and 24.50 g H2, how many kilograms of CH3OH would be produced? (Hint: make sure equation is balanced first!) CO ...
Oxacyclopropane (Epoxide) Synthesis: Epoxidation by
... Peroxycarboxylic acids have the general formula: ...
... Peroxycarboxylic acids have the general formula: ...
REVISED Review 3 - Bonham Chemistry
... 14. Industrially, we often need ethanoic acid. The starting material for this product is usually ethane. Show below a series of reactions that would transform ethane to ethanoic acid. ...
... 14. Industrially, we often need ethanoic acid. The starting material for this product is usually ethane. Show below a series of reactions that would transform ethane to ethanoic acid. ...
2009_outline_4
... 1. From Acid Halides and Carboxylates 2. Cyclic Dehydration of Diacids C. Reactions on Carbonyl Carbon 1. Hydrolysis to Carboxylic Acids 2. Alcoholysis to Ester and Acid 3. Ammonolysis to Amide and Salt of Acid 4. Reduction to Alcohols ...
... 1. From Acid Halides and Carboxylates 2. Cyclic Dehydration of Diacids C. Reactions on Carbonyl Carbon 1. Hydrolysis to Carboxylic Acids 2. Alcoholysis to Ester and Acid 3. Ammonolysis to Amide and Salt of Acid 4. Reduction to Alcohols ...
19-3 Esters and Anhydrides (PPT)
... Esterifications are most often carried out using the alcohol as the solvent. ...
... Esterifications are most often carried out using the alcohol as the solvent. ...
Asymmetric Organocatalysis
... in 81% yield and 98% ee (Scheme 3.16). Subsequent debenzylation provided the desired L-Dopa ester (S)-40 in 94% yield and 98% ee. This reaction has also already been performed on a gram-scale. ...
... in 81% yield and 98% ee (Scheme 3.16). Subsequent debenzylation provided the desired L-Dopa ester (S)-40 in 94% yield and 98% ee. This reaction has also already been performed on a gram-scale. ...
Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-3-Phenylpropanoic Acid Background In
... halides or sulfonate esters, a diazonium salt such as formed in this reaction sequence is an excellent leaving group, allowing neutral, gaseous nitrogen to be displaced by a nucleophile. Amines can be converted into diazonium salts by treatment with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions, as in this ...
... halides or sulfonate esters, a diazonium salt such as formed in this reaction sequence is an excellent leaving group, allowing neutral, gaseous nitrogen to be displaced by a nucleophile. Amines can be converted into diazonium salts by treatment with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions, as in this ...
C h e m g u i d e ... ALCOHOLS: ESTERIFICATION
... tube for a few minutes and then pouring the contents into some water in a beaker before you smell it. What is the point of pouring the mixture into water? b) Write the equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst. c) If you ...
... tube for a few minutes and then pouring the contents into some water in a beaker before you smell it. What is the point of pouring the mixture into water? b) Write the equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst. c) If you ...
carboxylic acids - La Salle University
... 1o and 2o alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) or tosylates undergo SN2 substitution with cyanide salts to give nitriles. Nitriles can be hydrolysed to carboxylic acids without the isolation of the amide intermediate. Note that the carbon skeleton is extended by 1 C atom during this reaction sequence. Alth ...
... 1o and 2o alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) or tosylates undergo SN2 substitution with cyanide salts to give nitriles. Nitriles can be hydrolysed to carboxylic acids without the isolation of the amide intermediate. Note that the carbon skeleton is extended by 1 C atom during this reaction sequence. Alth ...
CHE 312 Answers in BOLD RED EXAM 1 KEY (Ch. 16
... Fischer Esterification is probably the most important lab reaction of carboxylic acids. For the alcohol and the acid shown below, give the mechanism of this reaction. DRAW THE STEPS IN THIS MECHANISM. Be sure to include all major steps and show the structures of the main intermediates that are ...
... Fischer Esterification is probably the most important lab reaction of carboxylic acids. For the alcohol and the acid shown below, give the mechanism of this reaction. DRAW THE STEPS IN THIS MECHANISM. Be sure to include all major steps and show the structures of the main intermediates that are ...
benzylic alcohols
... Electron-withdrawing substituents decrease the yields and orthosubstituensts hinder the reaction e.g. neither 2, 4 dinitro-nor 2, 6 dimethyl benzaldehyde can be prepared in this way. The reaction involves hydride –ion transfer. At the acidity employed, the quaternary benzyl salt is hydrolyzed to the ...
... Electron-withdrawing substituents decrease the yields and orthosubstituensts hinder the reaction e.g. neither 2, 4 dinitro-nor 2, 6 dimethyl benzaldehyde can be prepared in this way. The reaction involves hydride –ion transfer. At the acidity employed, the quaternary benzyl salt is hydrolyzed to the ...
Slides for Chapter 1-4 - Department of Chemistry and Physics
... making the carbon electrophilic Nucleophiles will replace the halide in C-X bonds of many alkyl halides(reaction as Lewis base) Nucleophiles that are Brønsted bases produce elimination ...
... making the carbon electrophilic Nucleophiles will replace the halide in C-X bonds of many alkyl halides(reaction as Lewis base) Nucleophiles that are Brønsted bases produce elimination ...
Viju B - IS MU
... Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A8, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic ...
... Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A8, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic ...
Formative 3.5 2014
... (ii) Amino acids can form polymers because at each end of the molecule is a functional group that can react with a functional group from neighbouring molecules. (b) To be able to form enantiomers a molecule must have a chiral atom – one to which four different groups are attached. This enables the f ...
... (ii) Amino acids can form polymers because at each end of the molecule is a functional group that can react with a functional group from neighbouring molecules. (b) To be able to form enantiomers a molecule must have a chiral atom – one to which four different groups are attached. This enables the f ...
review sheet
... Acetal formation (acid catalyzed) Fisher esterification (acid catalyzed) Ester hydrolysis (acid catalyzed) Nucleophilic acyl substitution (up-down-out) Example: acid chloride + alcohol to give ester Ester reaction with Grignard reagents Questions that may be on the exam: What is the proper name for ...
... Acetal formation (acid catalyzed) Fisher esterification (acid catalyzed) Ester hydrolysis (acid catalyzed) Nucleophilic acyl substitution (up-down-out) Example: acid chloride + alcohol to give ester Ester reaction with Grignard reagents Questions that may be on the exam: What is the proper name for ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides
... Fatty acids are derived from the coupling of acetic acid. Acetic acid is the primary building block for the biosynthesis of more naturally occurring compounds than any other single precursor substance. The substance 3-methyl-3-butenyl pyrophosphate is the crucial intermediate in the synthesis of ter ...
... Fatty acids are derived from the coupling of acetic acid. Acetic acid is the primary building block for the biosynthesis of more naturally occurring compounds than any other single precursor substance. The substance 3-methyl-3-butenyl pyrophosphate is the crucial intermediate in the synthesis of ter ...
Petasis reaction
The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by Nicos Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as a variation of the Mannich reaction. Rather than generating an enolate to form the substituted amine product, in the Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a variety of amines and organoboronic acids as potential starting materials. Additionally, the reaction does not require anhydrous or inert conditions. As a mild, selective synthesis, the Petasis reaction is useful in generating α-amino acids, and is utilized in combinatorial chemistry and drug discovery.