Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon
... Because a nucleophile substitutes for the halogen, these reactions are known as nucleophilic substitution reactions The reaction mechanism which predominates depends on the following factors: • the structure of the alkyl halide • the reactivity of the nucleophile • the concentration of the nucle ...
... Because a nucleophile substitutes for the halogen, these reactions are known as nucleophilic substitution reactions The reaction mechanism which predominates depends on the following factors: • the structure of the alkyl halide • the reactivity of the nucleophile • the concentration of the nucle ...
... and they usually require high temperatures and/or long react ion times, and side reactions, such as isomerization, epimerization and rearrangements may be induced by the alkaline conditions. Furthermore, high temperatures are not only detrimental to certain functional groups, but also to the control ...
Document
... Primary bromoalkanes and iodoalkanes can be prepared by the reaction with HBr and HI. Chloroalkanes cannot be prepared by this method because Cl- is too poor a nucleophile. ...
... Primary bromoalkanes and iodoalkanes can be prepared by the reaction with HBr and HI. Chloroalkanes cannot be prepared by this method because Cl- is too poor a nucleophile. ...
This exam will consist of 30-35 multiple choice or short answer
... II. Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides ...
... II. Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides ...
http://www.twitter.com/chem442bausch - SIU
... place in two steps. The intermediate in this reaction is a… (a) carbon anion; (b) carboncentered radical; (c) carbocation (p 205) The characteristic reactions of alkenes are… (a) addition reactions; (b) substitution reactions; (c) rearrangement reactions; (d) elimination reactions (C-7,8) Which of t ...
... place in two steps. The intermediate in this reaction is a… (a) carbon anion; (b) carboncentered radical; (c) carbocation (p 205) The characteristic reactions of alkenes are… (a) addition reactions; (b) substitution reactions; (c) rearrangement reactions; (d) elimination reactions (C-7,8) Which of t ...
SAMPLE PAPER -4 Time Allowed: 3 Hrs
... a) H3PO3 is diprotic(dibasic). b) The electron gain enthalpy with negative sign for fluorine is less than that for chlorine, still fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine. c) Sulphur exhibit tendency of catenation but Oxygen does not. Q23Draw the structure of the following : (a) XeOF4 ( ...
... a) H3PO3 is diprotic(dibasic). b) The electron gain enthalpy with negative sign for fluorine is less than that for chlorine, still fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine. c) Sulphur exhibit tendency of catenation but Oxygen does not. Q23Draw the structure of the following : (a) XeOF4 ( ...
Eötvös Loránd Science University Faculty of Sciences Department of
... exams during the semester. They also get a microproject and are supposed to write an essay- or publication-like report on the results obtained. Add/Drop courses (Week 1); Subscription to courses (1st week); Lecture 1 Information ont he curriculum and the conditions to get a final grade. Reaction kin ...
... exams during the semester. They also get a microproject and are supposed to write an essay- or publication-like report on the results obtained. Add/Drop courses (Week 1); Subscription to courses (1st week); Lecture 1 Information ont he curriculum and the conditions to get a final grade. Reaction kin ...
CH 10
... Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Grignard Reagents • Reaction of RX with Mg in ether or THF • Product is RMgX – an organometallic compound (alkylmetal bond) – R is alkyl 1°, 2°, 3°, aryl, alkenyl – X = Cl, Br, I ...
... Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Grignard Reagents • Reaction of RX with Mg in ether or THF • Product is RMgX – an organometallic compound (alkylmetal bond) – R is alkyl 1°, 2°, 3°, aryl, alkenyl – X = Cl, Br, I ...
01. Structure and properties of organic compounds. Aldehydes fnd
... two double – C – C – bonds. Alkynes — unsaturated hydrocarbons thаt contain – C – C – triple bond (– C C – ). Cyclic — organic compounds thаt contain any cycle in its molecules. ...
... two double – C – C – bonds. Alkynes — unsaturated hydrocarbons thаt contain – C – C – triple bond (– C C – ). Cyclic — organic compounds thаt contain any cycle in its molecules. ...
replacing the - Shasha iSeminar
... REPLACING THE -OH GROUP IN ALCOHOLS BY A HALOGEN This page looks at reactions in which the -OH group in an alcohol is replaced by a halogen such as chlorine or bromine. It includes a simple test for an -OH group using phosphorus(V) chloride. ...
... REPLACING THE -OH GROUP IN ALCOHOLS BY A HALOGEN This page looks at reactions in which the -OH group in an alcohol is replaced by a halogen such as chlorine or bromine. It includes a simple test for an -OH group using phosphorus(V) chloride. ...
CHM 222 - Jefferson State Community College
... 2. Draw monosaccharides as Fisher projections or chair conformations. 3. Predict the products of reactions of monosaccharides and disaccharides. 4. Deduce the structures of monosaccharides and disaccharides. 5. Formulate mechanisms of reactions involving carbohydrates. 6. Identify the common amino a ...
... 2. Draw monosaccharides as Fisher projections or chair conformations. 3. Predict the products of reactions of monosaccharides and disaccharides. 4. Deduce the structures of monosaccharides and disaccharides. 5. Formulate mechanisms of reactions involving carbohydrates. 6. Identify the common amino a ...
Chapter 15 Multistep Syntheses
... Alcohol to alkyl halide with PX3 (x=Br, Cl, I) alkyl halide to alcohol with NaOH Ketone to Ketal with acid/ROH Ketal to Keone with acid/H2O Ester to Acid with NaOH followed by acidification Acid to Ester with acid and ROH Nitrile to Amide with NaOH/H2O Amide to Nitrile with POCl3 Acid chloride to Ac ...
... Alcohol to alkyl halide with PX3 (x=Br, Cl, I) alkyl halide to alcohol with NaOH Ketone to Ketal with acid/ROH Ketal to Keone with acid/H2O Ester to Acid with NaOH followed by acidification Acid to Ester with acid and ROH Nitrile to Amide with NaOH/H2O Amide to Nitrile with POCl3 Acid chloride to Ac ...
Novel amine-catalysed hydroalkoxylation reactions of
... dihydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynones was intriguing, not least because the products of such reactions would be synthetically useful mono-protected 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Treatment of terminal alkyne 23 with ethylene glycol in the presence of 5 mol% DMAP12 gave smooth conversion to acetal 24, ...
... dihydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynones was intriguing, not least because the products of such reactions would be synthetically useful mono-protected 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Treatment of terminal alkyne 23 with ethylene glycol in the presence of 5 mol% DMAP12 gave smooth conversion to acetal 24, ...
06 MC /08 MC /08 NMR
... Counting this cover sheet, there are a total of 9 pages- check to ensure you have all 9. All 9 pages must be turned in for grading. Use the backside of preceding pages for scratch paper. Any cheating will result in the dismissal from c/ass with an "F" grade. Please put your name or initial on each p ...
... Counting this cover sheet, there are a total of 9 pages- check to ensure you have all 9. All 9 pages must be turned in for grading. Use the backside of preceding pages for scratch paper. Any cheating will result in the dismissal from c/ass with an "F" grade. Please put your name or initial on each p ...
Rate of Reaction
... Rate of Reaction Rates of reactions are usually expressed in units of moles per liter per unit time. If we know the chemical equation for a reaction, its rate can be determined by following the change in concentration of any product or reactant that can be detected quantitatively. r = ∆ concentratio ...
... Rate of Reaction Rates of reactions are usually expressed in units of moles per liter per unit time. If we know the chemical equation for a reaction, its rate can be determined by following the change in concentration of any product or reactant that can be detected quantitatively. r = ∆ concentratio ...
Aldehydes and Ketones-12c - TAMU
... almost instantaneously. Aromatic aldehydes and ketones will give the color change at a much slower rate. ...
... almost instantaneously. Aromatic aldehydes and ketones will give the color change at a much slower rate. ...
Chapter 18 - Aldehydes and Ketones
... replacing some hydrogen atoms by alkoxy groups. In such cases, the reagent is not active enough to reduce the intermediate, and the aldehyde is obtained. ...
... replacing some hydrogen atoms by alkoxy groups. In such cases, the reagent is not active enough to reduce the intermediate, and the aldehyde is obtained. ...
CHEM 109A CLAS Alkenes and Reactions of
... Get cis-trans/Z-E (a.k.a. geometric) isomers if vinyl Cs have different groups, and they are separable. Cis-trans do NOT interconvert b/c to rotate, the π bond would have to break (∆E C-C π = 62 kcal/mol vs. ∆E C-C σ = 2.9 kcal/mol). Reactions of Alkenes – See also Summary of Reactions of Alkenes Pa ...
... Get cis-trans/Z-E (a.k.a. geometric) isomers if vinyl Cs have different groups, and they are separable. Cis-trans do NOT interconvert b/c to rotate, the π bond would have to break (∆E C-C π = 62 kcal/mol vs. ∆E C-C σ = 2.9 kcal/mol). Reactions of Alkenes – See also Summary of Reactions of Alkenes Pa ...
HL ISSN: 2231 – 3087(print) / 2230 – 9632 (Online)
... room temperature. The Mannich base was then acetylated by refluxing it with acetic anhydride for about 24 hrs and the volatile material was distilled out under reduced pressure to give crude diacetate. It is not purified further and directly treated with conc. Hydrochloric acid to gives 2hydroxy-5-f ...
... room temperature. The Mannich base was then acetylated by refluxing it with acetic anhydride for about 24 hrs and the volatile material was distilled out under reduced pressure to give crude diacetate. It is not purified further and directly treated with conc. Hydrochloric acid to gives 2hydroxy-5-f ...
Structural Characterisation by ESI-MS of Feruloylated Arabino-oligosaccharides Synthesised by Chemoenzymatic Esterification
... FAEs have been used in the synthesis of sugar ferulates such as 5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-L-arabinofuranose [5] or O-[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1→5)-L-arabinofuranose [6]. More specifically, StFaeC catalyzed the transfer of the feruloyl group to L-arabinose and L-arabinobiose in a terna ...
... FAEs have been used in the synthesis of sugar ferulates such as 5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-L-arabinofuranose [5] or O-[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1→5)-L-arabinofuranose [6]. More specifically, StFaeC catalyzed the transfer of the feruloyl group to L-arabinose and L-arabinobiose in a terna ...
Chapter 10: Alkyl Halides
... halogen and uv light (Ch. 5). The NBS can be thought of as producing a Br radical. The Br radical removes a hydrogen, leaving an allylic radical and forming HBr. This allylic radical reacts with Br2 (which is formed from NBS reacting with the HBr formed from the removal of a hydrogen from the alkene ...
... halogen and uv light (Ch. 5). The NBS can be thought of as producing a Br radical. The Br radical removes a hydrogen, leaving an allylic radical and forming HBr. This allylic radical reacts with Br2 (which is formed from NBS reacting with the HBr formed from the removal of a hydrogen from the alkene ...
Chapter 14 – Aldehydes and Ketones
... That is, a hydrogen atom will be added to each atom of the double bond, converting the aldehyde or ketone into an alcohol. We can add this hydrogen in one of two different ways. The first is to split apart a hydrogen molecule and add the two product hydrogen atoms or to use a hydride donor, followed ...
... That is, a hydrogen atom will be added to each atom of the double bond, converting the aldehyde or ketone into an alcohol. We can add this hydrogen in one of two different ways. The first is to split apart a hydrogen molecule and add the two product hydrogen atoms or to use a hydride donor, followed ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.