ALCOHOLS
... deep blue solution containing a complex copper(II) ion is formed. When aliphatic aldehydes are warmed with Fehling’s solution, they reduce it to copper(I) oxide, Cu2O, which appears as a brick red precipitate. There is no reaction with ketones. RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH- ...
... deep blue solution containing a complex copper(II) ion is formed. When aliphatic aldehydes are warmed with Fehling’s solution, they reduce it to copper(I) oxide, Cu2O, which appears as a brick red precipitate. There is no reaction with ketones. RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH- ...
Chem 30CL-Lecture 12.. - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... metal hydrides (i.e., NaBH4) leads to formation of a mixture of allylic alcohols (a) via a 1,2-reduction and ketones (b) via a 1,4-reduction and an alcohol (c) via a combination of both reductions (a) ...
... metal hydrides (i.e., NaBH4) leads to formation of a mixture of allylic alcohols (a) via a 1,2-reduction and ketones (b) via a 1,4-reduction and an alcohol (c) via a combination of both reductions (a) ...
Chapter 8 Alkenes and Alkynes II
... If halogenation is carried out in aqueous solvent, the water molecule can act as a nucleophile to open the halonium ion ...
... If halogenation is carried out in aqueous solvent, the water molecule can act as a nucleophile to open the halonium ion ...
Chapter 10: Alkyl Halides
... Allylic Bromination with NBS is analogous to the radical reaction with an alkane, a halogen and uv light (Ch. 5). The NBS can be thought of as producing a Br radical. The Br radical removes a hydrogen, leaving an allylic radical and forming HBr. This allylic radical reacts with Br2 (which is formed ...
... Allylic Bromination with NBS is analogous to the radical reaction with an alkane, a halogen and uv light (Ch. 5). The NBS can be thought of as producing a Br radical. The Br radical removes a hydrogen, leaving an allylic radical and forming HBr. This allylic radical reacts with Br2 (which is formed ...
DFT Analysis into the Intermediates of Nickel
... centre, not the ligand. Hydride formation The final intermediate in the proposed reaction pathway is a nickel hydride (3) formed through a second reduction and protonation. Experimentally the hydride has not been isolated but is thought to form through a concerted proton coupled electron transfer (P ...
... centre, not the ligand. Hydride formation The final intermediate in the proposed reaction pathway is a nickel hydride (3) formed through a second reduction and protonation. Experimentally the hydride has not been isolated but is thought to form through a concerted proton coupled electron transfer (P ...
Chapter 20 Amines-part 2
... t Made from tertiary amines by reaction with hydrogen peroxide l Cyclic transition state needs to syn elimination ...
... t Made from tertiary amines by reaction with hydrogen peroxide l Cyclic transition state needs to syn elimination ...
Reactions of Alcohols
... SN2 reaction between R-X and R-OWE NEED TO CONSIDER STERIC HINDERANCE. This might lead to E2! ...
... SN2 reaction between R-X and R-OWE NEED TO CONSIDER STERIC HINDERANCE. This might lead to E2! ...
4Rb + O2 → 2Rb2O 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
... What role does the silver have in this reaction? Oxidizing agent ...
... What role does the silver have in this reaction? Oxidizing agent ...
Document
... Conversion to alkyl halides (Chapter 4) 1. Reaction with hydrogen halides 2. Reaction with thionyl chloride 3. Reaction with phosphorous trihalides Acid-catalyzed dehydration to alkenes (Chapter 5) ...
... Conversion to alkyl halides (Chapter 4) 1. Reaction with hydrogen halides 2. Reaction with thionyl chloride 3. Reaction with phosphorous trihalides Acid-catalyzed dehydration to alkenes (Chapter 5) ...
doc
... Why does this reaction work better for primary and secondary alcohols? These reagents are less acidic and less likely to cause acid catalyzed rearrangements. (Mechanisms are covered in Chapter 11.) ...
... Why does this reaction work better for primary and secondary alcohols? These reagents are less acidic and less likely to cause acid catalyzed rearrangements. (Mechanisms are covered in Chapter 11.) ...
ALKENES and SULPHURIC ACID
... one of the carbon atoms, and the rest joins on to the other one. Make sure that you can see how the structure of the sulphuric acid relates to the various ways of writing the formula for the product. Important! Learn this structure for sulphuric acid. Sketch it over and over again until you can't po ...
... one of the carbon atoms, and the rest joins on to the other one. Make sure that you can see how the structure of the sulphuric acid relates to the various ways of writing the formula for the product. Important! Learn this structure for sulphuric acid. Sketch it over and over again until you can't po ...
Chapter 19. Aldehydes and Ketones
... Addition of amines with an atom containing a lone pair of electrons on ...
... Addition of amines with an atom containing a lone pair of electrons on ...
Reactions to functionalize benzene
... Due to the stability of aromatic system, addition reactions aren’t favored. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the predominant reaction mechanism Hydrogens are easily replaced by electrophilic substituent groups H ...
... Due to the stability of aromatic system, addition reactions aren’t favored. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the predominant reaction mechanism Hydrogens are easily replaced by electrophilic substituent groups H ...
KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDY OF OXIDATION OF ESTER
... negligible effect on the rate. For reactions in solution the nature of solvent plays an important role which has been discussed in detail by Aims . In present investigation, effect of solvent could not be studies because of reactivity of solvent such as alcohol ...
... negligible effect on the rate. For reactions in solution the nature of solvent plays an important role which has been discussed in detail by Aims . In present investigation, effect of solvent could not be studies because of reactivity of solvent such as alcohol ...
BSc-Chemistry-II
... Mannich reaction. Use of acetals as protecting group. Oxidation of aldehydes, BaeyerVilliger oxidation of ketones, Cannizzaro reaction. MPV, Clemmensen, WolffKishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4. UNIT IV Carboxylic Acid ...
... Mannich reaction. Use of acetals as protecting group. Oxidation of aldehydes, BaeyerVilliger oxidation of ketones, Cannizzaro reaction. MPV, Clemmensen, WolffKishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4. UNIT IV Carboxylic Acid ...
Organic Chemistry Syllabus and Course Outline
... 9. Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis Naming, preparation of alkynes by elimination reactions of dihalides, addition reactions of HX and X2, hydrations, reductions, oxidative cleavage, organic synthesis 10. Organohalides Names and properties of alkyl halides, their preparation from alkane ...
... 9. Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis Naming, preparation of alkynes by elimination reactions of dihalides, addition reactions of HX and X2, hydrations, reductions, oxidative cleavage, organic synthesis 10. Organohalides Names and properties of alkyl halides, their preparation from alkane ...
Alkene - Synthesis
... NaI/acetone or Zn/acetic acid Acetone can dissolve both the iodide and the alkyl halide (if small). If Zn is used, reaction is heterogeneous and takes place on the surface of the Zn. Reduction because “Br2” is removed. ...
... NaI/acetone or Zn/acetic acid Acetone can dissolve both the iodide and the alkyl halide (if small). If Zn is used, reaction is heterogeneous and takes place on the surface of the Zn. Reduction because “Br2” is removed. ...
enzymatic resolution of a racemic mixture by acylation in
... [5-8]. Of these, only a few refer to aliphatic alcohols, in particular of longer alkyl chain lengths [3], [5], [8]. The use of enol-esters as acylating agents has the advantage of being irreversible but the aldehyde formed can decrease enzyme activity. This problem has been circumvented by using suc ...
... [5-8]. Of these, only a few refer to aliphatic alcohols, in particular of longer alkyl chain lengths [3], [5], [8]. The use of enol-esters as acylating agents has the advantage of being irreversible but the aldehyde formed can decrease enzyme activity. This problem has been circumvented by using suc ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University
... reactions with Lewis acids The product is formed by loss of a proton, which is replaced by bromine FeBr3 is added as a catalyst to polarize the bromine reagent ...
... reactions with Lewis acids The product is formed by loss of a proton, which is replaced by bromine FeBr3 is added as a catalyst to polarize the bromine reagent ...
Exam 1 from 2008
... a) Identify the functional groups in amoxicillin. (I've done one for you.) b) Put an asterisk by all sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. c) Provide the approximate value for the indicated bond angle. d) Although this is the structure that is usually drawn for amoxicillin (e.g., see Wikipedia), it is not ac ...
... a) Identify the functional groups in amoxicillin. (I've done one for you.) b) Put an asterisk by all sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. c) Provide the approximate value for the indicated bond angle. d) Although this is the structure that is usually drawn for amoxicillin (e.g., see Wikipedia), it is not ac ...
Chapter 23 Functional Groups
... of the previous classes of organic compounds are related by oxidation and reduction reactions What is oxidation-reduction? –Oxidation: the gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen, or loss of e-1 –Reduction: the loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen, or gain of e-1 ...
... of the previous classes of organic compounds are related by oxidation and reduction reactions What is oxidation-reduction? –Oxidation: the gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen, or loss of e-1 –Reduction: the loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen, or gain of e-1 ...
Study Guide for Exam 4 Chapter 17
... intermolecular forces determine their relative boiling points compared to other types of organic molecules, and their solubility in water. Complete chemical equations by writing structural formulas for products or reagents of reactions, or fill in the blanks where reagents or catalysts are needed ...
... intermolecular forces determine their relative boiling points compared to other types of organic molecules, and their solubility in water. Complete chemical equations by writing structural formulas for products or reagents of reactions, or fill in the blanks where reagents or catalysts are needed ...
Abiotic synthesis of acylglycerols under simulated hydrothermal
... Abiotic formation of aliphatic lipid compounds (i.e., fatty acids, alcohols, and acylglycerols) has been reported to occur at elevated temperatures and pressures under simulated hydrothermal conditions (McCollom et al., 1999; Rushdi and Simoneit, 2001, 2006). Although abiotic chemistry may occur at ...
... Abiotic formation of aliphatic lipid compounds (i.e., fatty acids, alcohols, and acylglycerols) has been reported to occur at elevated temperatures and pressures under simulated hydrothermal conditions (McCollom et al., 1999; Rushdi and Simoneit, 2001, 2006). Although abiotic chemistry may occur at ...
Chem 150 Unit 4 - Chemical Properties I Chemical Reactions
... element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. * The oxidation number of monatomic ions is equal to the charge on the ion. The oxidation number of sodium in the Na+ ion is +1, for example, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the Cl- ion is -1. * ...
... element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. * The oxidation number of monatomic ions is equal to the charge on the ion. The oxidation number of sodium in the Na+ ion is +1, for example, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the Cl- ion is -1. * ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.