Study Guide for Exam 2-‐ Aldehydes and Ketones
... The Wittig is unique in that the alkoxide oxygen in the tetrahedral intermediate attacks the phosphonium center forming an oxaphosphetane intermediate. Thus, the electrophile is not H+ as ...
... The Wittig is unique in that the alkoxide oxygen in the tetrahedral intermediate attacks the phosphonium center forming an oxaphosphetane intermediate. Thus, the electrophile is not H+ as ...
Carbohydrates
... c. D and L :History as Degradation to (+) or (-) glyceraldehyde respectively (for glyceraldehyde: D is R and L is S for this case; In fischer projection D has OH of penultimate carbon on right wheras L has OH of penultimate carbon on left) 3. Epimers: Sugars that differ at just one carbon 4. Anomers ...
... c. D and L :History as Degradation to (+) or (-) glyceraldehyde respectively (for glyceraldehyde: D is R and L is S for this case; In fischer projection D has OH of penultimate carbon on right wheras L has OH of penultimate carbon on left) 3. Epimers: Sugars that differ at just one carbon 4. Anomers ...
Partial Periodic Table - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... ethane (compound 2). Indicated the hybridization of each carbon atom on your drawing by name (that is, the name of the hybridization). ...
... ethane (compound 2). Indicated the hybridization of each carbon atom on your drawing by name (that is, the name of the hybridization). ...
o-chem - WordPress.com
... • Uses :- preparation of higher alkanes containing even number of carbon atoms. ...
... • Uses :- preparation of higher alkanes containing even number of carbon atoms. ...
Exp`t 88 - Chemistry Courses
... but notice the special odors associated with esters - some fruity, some more like nail polish. In contrast, the acids which are used in their syntheses usually have a rotten odor. The reverse reaction, hydrolysis of the ester, gives the alcohol and the acid from which it was synthesized. Because the ...
... but notice the special odors associated with esters - some fruity, some more like nail polish. In contrast, the acids which are used in their syntheses usually have a rotten odor. The reverse reaction, hydrolysis of the ester, gives the alcohol and the acid from which it was synthesized. Because the ...
organic compound containing nitrogen
... Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111 ...
... Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111 ...
Nucleophilic Substitution and b
... • RO-, an alkoxide ion, is both a strong nucleophile (unless bulky and hindered) and a strong base. Both SN2 (desired) and E2 (undesired side product) can occur. • Choose nucleophile and electrophile carefully. Maximize SN2 and minimize E2 reaction by choosing the R’X to have least substituted carbo ...
... • RO-, an alkoxide ion, is both a strong nucleophile (unless bulky and hindered) and a strong base. Both SN2 (desired) and E2 (undesired side product) can occur. • Choose nucleophile and electrophile carefully. Maximize SN2 and minimize E2 reaction by choosing the R’X to have least substituted carbo ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... When a nucleophile attacks an aldehyde or ketone carbon, there is no leaving group. The incoming nucleophile simply “pushes” the electrons in the pi bond up to the oxygen. (eg: ) Alternatively, if start with the minor resonance contributor: attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation. (eg: ) Afte ...
... When a nucleophile attacks an aldehyde or ketone carbon, there is no leaving group. The incoming nucleophile simply “pushes” the electrons in the pi bond up to the oxygen. (eg: ) Alternatively, if start with the minor resonance contributor: attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation. (eg: ) Afte ...
16.5 Cyclic structures
... rlme and addfuranose or pyranose accordingto whether the cyclic form is a five-membered or a six-membered ring. T[us the cyclic form of l-fructose is properly called o-fructofuranose and that of o-glucose is called o-glucopyranose. To understand how these cyclic structures are formed from the straig ...
... rlme and addfuranose or pyranose accordingto whether the cyclic form is a five-membered or a six-membered ring. T[us the cyclic form of l-fructose is properly called o-fructofuranose and that of o-glucose is called o-glucopyranose. To understand how these cyclic structures are formed from the straig ...
Answers to exam-style questions Topic 10
... more positively charged region in a molecule (region with lower electron density) and donates a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. ...
... more positively charged region in a molecule (region with lower electron density) and donates a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. ...
Notetakers
... Under certain conditions, ethene can also undergo addition reactions with itself to form a long chain polymer containing many thousands (typically 40,000 to 800,000) of carbon atoms. ...
... Under certain conditions, ethene can also undergo addition reactions with itself to form a long chain polymer containing many thousands (typically 40,000 to 800,000) of carbon atoms. ...
A study of the mechanism of certain chemical reactions—I: The
... the reduction between an ammonium-carbonium cation, derived either from an imine or an a-aminoalcohol, and a formate anion. I2 The ammonium-carbonium cation results from the attachment of the proton either to the imine nitrogen or to the hydroxylic group of an a-aminoalcohol. In the latter case one ...
... the reduction between an ammonium-carbonium cation, derived either from an imine or an a-aminoalcohol, and a formate anion. I2 The ammonium-carbonium cation results from the attachment of the proton either to the imine nitrogen or to the hydroxylic group of an a-aminoalcohol. In the latter case one ...
... is advantageous over the chemical ones, as they ensure the stereo-selective obtaining of the product. Although it has been shown that their chemical synthesis was well-developed, the method still employs toxic and expensive compounds to yield α and β-configuration products via several steps. Hence, ...
Substitution reactions of carbonyl compounds at the α
... 3) Note that all esters in the molecule are saponified, but only the 1,3dicarbonyl compounds can undergo decarboxylation. 4) As you’ll see in lecture, many different electron withdrawing groups can stabilize enolate charges, and lead to a large variety of different compounds. However, you’ll only ge ...
... 3) Note that all esters in the molecule are saponified, but only the 1,3dicarbonyl compounds can undergo decarboxylation. 4) As you’ll see in lecture, many different electron withdrawing groups can stabilize enolate charges, and lead to a large variety of different compounds. However, you’ll only ge ...
Chapter 14 – Aldehydes and Ketones
... type of name is derived from the name used for a common carboxylic acid. The name of the carboxylic acid typically comes from a Latin origin. For example, formaldehyde (CH2O) is derived from formic acid (HCO2H). You may know of formic acid as the major component of an ant bite. The bite stings becau ...
... type of name is derived from the name used for a common carboxylic acid. The name of the carboxylic acid typically comes from a Latin origin. For example, formaldehyde (CH2O) is derived from formic acid (HCO2H). You may know of formic acid as the major component of an ant bite. The bite stings becau ...
Dehydration of Cyclohexanol
... Secondary alcohols can easily be converted to alkenes by acid-catalyzed dehydration, an E1 reaction. In this experiment, a mixture of concentrated phosphoric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is used to prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol via an E1 reaction. The mechanism of this E1 reaction inv ...
... Secondary alcohols can easily be converted to alkenes by acid-catalyzed dehydration, an E1 reaction. In this experiment, a mixture of concentrated phosphoric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is used to prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol via an E1 reaction. The mechanism of this E1 reaction inv ...
Cyclopentane (C5H10) Nomenclature of cycloalcanes Saturated
... Note: The two rings are not in the same plane, in fact they are at right angles to each other at the common carbon. This is often not shown when the structures are put into two dimensions. Spiro Alkanes Instead of naming these compounds as bicycloalkanes as might be supposed, the whole two-ring stru ...
... Note: The two rings are not in the same plane, in fact they are at right angles to each other at the common carbon. This is often not shown when the structures are put into two dimensions. Spiro Alkanes Instead of naming these compounds as bicycloalkanes as might be supposed, the whole two-ring stru ...
1-14 Amines Amides
... If you consider a primary amine to be an amino group attached to an alkane, you would simply name it as you would an alkane derivative. This is the IUPAC method for naming these compounds. This is an amine in which the nitrogen is bonded to one alkyl group and to two hydrogen atoms. Therefore it is ...
... If you consider a primary amine to be an amino group attached to an alkane, you would simply name it as you would an alkane derivative. This is the IUPAC method for naming these compounds. This is an amine in which the nitrogen is bonded to one alkyl group and to two hydrogen atoms. Therefore it is ...
Part (d) The Birch Reduction of Nitrogen
... A simple way of making substituted amines involves coupling of an acid chloride with an amine to give an amide, followed by ...
... A simple way of making substituted amines involves coupling of an acid chloride with an amine to give an amide, followed by ...
Organic Chemistry | Topic Notes
... • Methanoic acid - stings of nettles and ants, • Ethanoic acid - vinegar, cellulose acetate (photographic film and lacquers) • Propanoic, benzoic and some of their salts preserve foods • Butanoic acids - unwashed socks • Decanoic acid - stench of goats. • Hydrogen bonding can occur between molecules ...
... • Methanoic acid - stings of nettles and ants, • Ethanoic acid - vinegar, cellulose acetate (photographic film and lacquers) • Propanoic, benzoic and some of their salts preserve foods • Butanoic acids - unwashed socks • Decanoic acid - stench of goats. • Hydrogen bonding can occur between molecules ...
The Grignard Reagent
... change in color when the reaction has started. – Use your time wisely. While one partner monitors reaction 1 the other should prepare the ester for reaction 2. – Most of the Mg will dissolve during the reaction. Any remaining Mg will dissolve in the work-up (week 2). – At the end of this week’s proc ...
... change in color when the reaction has started. – Use your time wisely. While one partner monitors reaction 1 the other should prepare the ester for reaction 2. – Most of the Mg will dissolve during the reaction. Any remaining Mg will dissolve in the work-up (week 2). – At the end of this week’s proc ...
Chemistry CHARGE COMPONENTS OF INDUCTIVE EFFECT OF
... charge distribution on these atoms can be solved easily [7, 8], but two more issues remain. If the chemical reaction is an interaction between particles of opposite charges, then why it does not end with an instantaneous cancellation of the lesser charge? Can the chemical properties of the molecules ...
... charge distribution on these atoms can be solved easily [7, 8], but two more issues remain. If the chemical reaction is an interaction between particles of opposite charges, then why it does not end with an instantaneous cancellation of the lesser charge? Can the chemical properties of the molecules ...
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement (TDR) is the chemical reaction of a 1-aminomethyl-cycloalkanol with nitrous acid to form an enlarged cycloketone.The Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, or TDR, provides an easy way to increase amino-substituted cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols in size by one carbon. Ring sizes from cyclopropane through cyclooctane are able to undergo Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion with some degree of success. Yields decrease as initial ring size increases, and the ideal use of TDR is for synthesis of five, six, and seven membered rings. A principal synthetic application of Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion is to bicyclic or polycyclic systems. Several reviews on this reaction have been published.