07. Aldehydes and ketones
... The chemical consequences of this bond polarity will be are become apparent during our discussions of the reactions of carbonyl groups. We shall find that the positive carbon can react with bases and that much of the chemistry оf the carbonyl function corresponds to that of а relatively stable carb ...
... The chemical consequences of this bond polarity will be are become apparent during our discussions of the reactions of carbonyl groups. We shall find that the positive carbon can react with bases and that much of the chemistry оf the carbonyl function corresponds to that of а relatively stable carb ...
Cycloalkanes - faculty at Chemeketa
... Difference between axial and equatorial conformers is due to steric strain caused by 1,3-diaxial interactions Hydrogen atoms of the axial methyl group on C1 are too close to the axial hydrogens three carbons away on C3 and C5, resulting in 7.6 kJ/mol of steric strain ...
... Difference between axial and equatorial conformers is due to steric strain caused by 1,3-diaxial interactions Hydrogen atoms of the axial methyl group on C1 are too close to the axial hydrogens three carbons away on C3 and C5, resulting in 7.6 kJ/mol of steric strain ...
Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers
... • They are polar compounds because of the polar hydroxyl group. • Smaller phenols are somewhat soluble in water. • They are found in fragrances and flavorings and are also used as preservatives and germicides. ...
... • They are polar compounds because of the polar hydroxyl group. • Smaller phenols are somewhat soluble in water. • They are found in fragrances and flavorings and are also used as preservatives and germicides. ...
Final Exam Review Sheet Chemistry 110a/1998
... Be able to explain how a kinetic isotope effect can be used to determine the rate-determining step of this oxidation process. c. Explain why 1° alcohols are converted to carboxylic acids. d. Explain how 1° alcohols can be converted to aldehydes when PDC is used as the reagent in anhydrous dichlorome ...
... Be able to explain how a kinetic isotope effect can be used to determine the rate-determining step of this oxidation process. c. Explain why 1° alcohols are converted to carboxylic acids. d. Explain how 1° alcohols can be converted to aldehydes when PDC is used as the reagent in anhydrous dichlorome ...
Which is Aromatic?
... 2. The p-orbital on each carbon atom overlaps above and below the σ-framework with the p-orbital on the adjacent carbon atom ...
... 2. The p-orbital on each carbon atom overlaps above and below the σ-framework with the p-orbital on the adjacent carbon atom ...
Acid derivatives
... Before proceeding further, it is important to review the general mechanism by means of which all these acyl transfer or acylation reactions take place. Indeed, an alert reader may well be puzzled by the facility of these nucleophilic substitution reactions. After all, it was previously noted that ha ...
... Before proceeding further, it is important to review the general mechanism by means of which all these acyl transfer or acylation reactions take place. Indeed, an alert reader may well be puzzled by the facility of these nucleophilic substitution reactions. After all, it was previously noted that ha ...
CH 320-328 M Synopsis
... X2/CH3OH, etc.) (anti), Hg(OAc)2/H2O (anti), BH3 (syn), H2/Pd (syn), OsO4 (syn) to alkenes. • Be able to predict the regiochemistry for the net addition of water to an alkene by the sequence of oxymercuration/reduction or by hydroboration/oxidation. How does the regiochemistry of these processes com ...
... X2/CH3OH, etc.) (anti), Hg(OAc)2/H2O (anti), BH3 (syn), H2/Pd (syn), OsO4 (syn) to alkenes. • Be able to predict the regiochemistry for the net addition of water to an alkene by the sequence of oxymercuration/reduction or by hydroboration/oxidation. How does the regiochemistry of these processes com ...
Chem 2423-Test 2 - HCC Learning Web
... Oxygen does not affect the base formula. A hydrogen is added to the base formula for each halogen and subtracted for each nitrogen so the base formula for diazepam is C16H12. The saturated 16 carbon compound would have 34 hydrogens so the number of degrees of unsaturation for diazepam is: (34 − 12) ...
... Oxygen does not affect the base formula. A hydrogen is added to the base formula for each halogen and subtracted for each nitrogen so the base formula for diazepam is C16H12. The saturated 16 carbon compound would have 34 hydrogens so the number of degrees of unsaturation for diazepam is: (34 − 12) ...
Title The Cyanide-Ion Cleavage of Organic Disulfides
... reaction are summarized in Table 4. It is expected that alkyl aryl sulfides would be derived from aryl thiocyanates. Thus, aryl thiocyanates were found to react with alcohols in the presence of cyanide ion to give alkyl aryl sulfides. The reaction conditions and the yields of alkyl aryl sulfides are ...
... reaction are summarized in Table 4. It is expected that alkyl aryl sulfides would be derived from aryl thiocyanates. Thus, aryl thiocyanates were found to react with alcohols in the presence of cyanide ion to give alkyl aryl sulfides. The reaction conditions and the yields of alkyl aryl sulfides are ...
Chapter 18
... Hydrolysis can occur under either acidic or basic mechanism, although reaction under basic conditions can lead to other types of reactions so acidic hydrolysis is preferred ...
... Hydrolysis can occur under either acidic or basic mechanism, although reaction under basic conditions can lead to other types of reactions so acidic hydrolysis is preferred ...
Chapter 14
... At first glance this looks impossible. How are we to break one of the unactivated C-C single bonds in cyclohexane to make a 1,6-diol with two extra carbons! So, rather than looking at the starting material, look at the target molecule and look at the first disconnection shown by the wavy line. If we ...
... At first glance this looks impossible. How are we to break one of the unactivated C-C single bonds in cyclohexane to make a 1,6-diol with two extra carbons! So, rather than looking at the starting material, look at the target molecule and look at the first disconnection shown by the wavy line. If we ...
MS PowerPoint
... Protic solvent improves the reaction towards 13PD by facilitating proton transfer from solid acid to secondary alcohol by stabilizing a charged intermediate. Additives improving the conversion and selctivity towards 13PD ...
... Protic solvent improves the reaction towards 13PD by facilitating proton transfer from solid acid to secondary alcohol by stabilizing a charged intermediate. Additives improving the conversion and selctivity towards 13PD ...
1.4 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
... • A dehydration reaction is a reaction that involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group from the reactant, producing a slightly smaller molecule and water • This reaction requires a catalyst ...
... • A dehydration reaction is a reaction that involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group from the reactant, producing a slightly smaller molecule and water • This reaction requires a catalyst ...
Learning Guide for Chapter 9 - Alkyl Halides I
... more EN, more stable afterwards RF fastest CH3I ...
... more EN, more stable afterwards RF fastest CH3I ...
103. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Alcohols in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Formation of Quaternary Centers by Redox-Neutral Fragment Coupling
... previously prevented the preparation of the N-phthalimidoyl oxalate derivative.17 However, acylation of 69 with methyl chlorooxoacetate proceeded in excellent yield. In situ hydrolysis with aqueous CsOH allowed pure cesium oxalate 44 to be isolated in one step and high yield from alcohol 69 without ...
... previously prevented the preparation of the N-phthalimidoyl oxalate derivative.17 However, acylation of 69 with methyl chlorooxoacetate proceeded in excellent yield. In situ hydrolysis with aqueous CsOH allowed pure cesium oxalate 44 to be isolated in one step and high yield from alcohol 69 without ...
Learning Guide for Chapter 16
... How could we figure out which will be formed? by experiment Knowing the answer, how can we make sense of it? sterics - less hindered ...
... How could we figure out which will be formed? by experiment Knowing the answer, how can we make sense of it? sterics - less hindered ...
chapter 5: nomenclature
... (1°) and those bonded to two are termed secondary carbon atoms (2°). Both these types of carbon atoms are encountered in straight chain alkanes. However, with branching we now have two different carbon atoms, those bonded to three carbon atoms () and those bonded to four carbon atoms (). These are ...
... (1°) and those bonded to two are termed secondary carbon atoms (2°). Both these types of carbon atoms are encountered in straight chain alkanes. However, with branching we now have two different carbon atoms, those bonded to three carbon atoms () and those bonded to four carbon atoms (). These are ...
Organic Chemistry Introduction
... Aromatic (May be Anti-aromatic) • Planar, cyclic molecules with 4 n electrons are much less stable than expected (anti-aromatic) ...
... Aromatic (May be Anti-aromatic) • Planar, cyclic molecules with 4 n electrons are much less stable than expected (anti-aromatic) ...
Chapter 21
... • Hydrogenolysis: cleavage of a single bond by H2 – among ethers, benzylic ethers are unique in that they are cleaved under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation H2 C ...
... • Hydrogenolysis: cleavage of a single bond by H2 – among ethers, benzylic ethers are unique in that they are cleaved under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation H2 C ...
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
... group in alcohols. 42. Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols. 43. Preparation of alcohols from alkenes involves the electrophilic attack on alkene carbon atom. Explain its mechanism. 44. Explain why is O==C==O nonpolar while R—O—R is polar. 45. Why is the rea ...
... group in alcohols. 42. Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols. 43. Preparation of alcohols from alkenes involves the electrophilic attack on alkene carbon atom. Explain its mechanism. 44. Explain why is O==C==O nonpolar while R—O—R is polar. 45. Why is the rea ...
102 Lecture Ch14a
... • Compounds with additional substituents are named as substituted phenols • Ortho, meta and para are used when there is only one other substituent • If there are two or more additional substituents, each must be numbered, beginning at the OH and going in direction that gives substituents lowest numb ...
... • Compounds with additional substituents are named as substituted phenols • Ortho, meta and para are used when there is only one other substituent • If there are two or more additional substituents, each must be numbered, beginning at the OH and going in direction that gives substituents lowest numb ...
The Acid Hydrolysis Mechanism of Acetals Catalyzed
... from the cavity, have been employed in order prevent re-encapsulation of the product.16,17 In contrast to transition-metal catalysts or organocatalysts, supramolecular catalysis does not necessarily employ covalent interactions between the substrate and host molecule. ...
... from the cavity, have been employed in order prevent re-encapsulation of the product.16,17 In contrast to transition-metal catalysts or organocatalysts, supramolecular catalysis does not necessarily employ covalent interactions between the substrate and host molecule. ...
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement (TDR) is the chemical reaction of a 1-aminomethyl-cycloalkanol with nitrous acid to form an enlarged cycloketone.The Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, or TDR, provides an easy way to increase amino-substituted cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols in size by one carbon. Ring sizes from cyclopropane through cyclooctane are able to undergo Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion with some degree of success. Yields decrease as initial ring size increases, and the ideal use of TDR is for synthesis of five, six, and seven membered rings. A principal synthetic application of Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion is to bicyclic or polycyclic systems. Several reviews on this reaction have been published.