167KB - NZQA
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 11. Predict the structure of the compound which shows m/e peaks at 88, 70, 55, 42, 31 (much intense) and 29. 12. a) which type of transitions are considered to be the origin of charge transfer bands? b) Why hydrogen bonding shifts the absorption to shorter wavelengths in alcohols? ...
... 11. Predict the structure of the compound which shows m/e peaks at 88, 70, 55, 42, 31 (much intense) and 29. 12. a) which type of transitions are considered to be the origin of charge transfer bands? b) Why hydrogen bonding shifts the absorption to shorter wavelengths in alcohols? ...
1. Alcohol Oxidations
... periodinane 3 is an extremely useful reagent for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones at 25 °C. It does not overoxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids under these conditions and tolerates the presence of furan rings or sulfides and vinyl ethers. It reacts with pri ...
... periodinane 3 is an extremely useful reagent for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones at 25 °C. It does not overoxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids under these conditions and tolerates the presence of furan rings or sulfides and vinyl ethers. It reacts with pri ...
Organic Chemistry - GZ @ Science Class Online
... Substitution reactions are characterized by replacement of an atom or group (Y) by another atom or group (Z). Aside from these groups, the number of bonds does not change. Addition reactions increase the number of bonds to the Carbon chain by bonding additional atoms, usually at the expense of one o ...
... Substitution reactions are characterized by replacement of an atom or group (Y) by another atom or group (Z). Aside from these groups, the number of bonds does not change. Addition reactions increase the number of bonds to the Carbon chain by bonding additional atoms, usually at the expense of one o ...
HONORS ORGANIC CHEM. HAHS MRS. RICHARDS 1 ORGANIC
... 13. When HX adds to an alkyne or alkene, describe how you know which carbon the H adds to and which carbon the X adds to and why. 14. When X2 adds to an alkene, where do the X’s end up? 15. a.) When 1 eq. X2 adds to an alkyne, where do the X’s end up? b.) When excess X2 adds to an alkyne, where do t ...
... 13. When HX adds to an alkyne or alkene, describe how you know which carbon the H adds to and which carbon the X adds to and why. 14. When X2 adds to an alkene, where do the X’s end up? 15. a.) When 1 eq. X2 adds to an alkyne, where do the X’s end up? b.) When excess X2 adds to an alkyne, where do t ...
Reaction of orthoesters with alcohols in the presence of acidic
... as stated before, this reaction is found to be general with regard to various orthoesters but selective with respect to various primary allylic and benzylic alcohols. However, when SiO2 is used as the catalyst, we could isolate corresponding O-acetylated compound 3 as major product (in case of prima ...
... as stated before, this reaction is found to be general with regard to various orthoesters but selective with respect to various primary allylic and benzylic alcohols. However, when SiO2 is used as the catalyst, we could isolate corresponding O-acetylated compound 3 as major product (in case of prima ...
NaBH4 Reduction of Vanillin
... this reagent must be carried out under non‐protic, anhydrous conditions. This not only limits the solvents with which LAH can be used, but it presents greater challenges in the safe handling of LAH. Sodium borohydride, on the other hand, reacts only slowly with water and alcohols and can be us ...
... this reagent must be carried out under non‐protic, anhydrous conditions. This not only limits the solvents with which LAH can be used, but it presents greater challenges in the safe handling of LAH. Sodium borohydride, on the other hand, reacts only slowly with water and alcohols and can be us ...
f8560d95306293b
... • Because the O atom is much more electronegative than carbon or hydrogen, the C—O and O—H bonds are all polar ...
... • Because the O atom is much more electronegative than carbon or hydrogen, the C—O and O—H bonds are all polar ...
15.4 Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides
... Oxidation of Monosaccharides Monosaccharides, found mostly as cyclic forms in solution, • have small amounts of the open-chain form present. • have an aldehyde group with an adjacent hydroxyl group that can be oxidized to carboxylic acid by an oxidizing agent such as Benedict’s solution. ...
... Oxidation of Monosaccharides Monosaccharides, found mostly as cyclic forms in solution, • have small amounts of the open-chain form present. • have an aldehyde group with an adjacent hydroxyl group that can be oxidized to carboxylic acid by an oxidizing agent such as Benedict’s solution. ...
Lecture 11a
... • Keeping the reagent bottles closed when not in use because absolute methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid are ...
... • Keeping the reagent bottles closed when not in use because absolute methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid are ...
Reactions of Alcohols
... Dehydration of Alcohols A) Acid catalyzed dehydration: E1 elimination of the protonated alcohol. Ease of dehydration follows the ease of formation of carbocation: 3o > 2o > 1o Carbocation rearrangement especially with 1o alcohol. Follow Zaitsev rule: major product is the highly ...
... Dehydration of Alcohols A) Acid catalyzed dehydration: E1 elimination of the protonated alcohol. Ease of dehydration follows the ease of formation of carbocation: 3o > 2o > 1o Carbocation rearrangement especially with 1o alcohol. Follow Zaitsev rule: major product is the highly ...
Chapter 6
... We saw in earlier discussion about the evolution of models for acid/base reactions and how these models introduced the term pKa which is indicative of the acidity for a compound ...
... We saw in earlier discussion about the evolution of models for acid/base reactions and how these models introduced the term pKa which is indicative of the acidity for a compound ...
functional group
... Nomenclature assembles names like trees: start with a parent structure (e.g., an alkane), then add prefixes and a functional group (FG) suffix. ...
... Nomenclature assembles names like trees: start with a parent structure (e.g., an alkane), then add prefixes and a functional group (FG) suffix. ...
unit 4 revision checklist - A
... = pKa at half-neutralisation, and calculate the pH during titrations involving alkalis added to acids, including after excess alkali has been added n) Select a suitable indicator for a given titration given pKin values, and explain the choice of indicator o) Recall that polybasic acids form more tha ...
... = pKa at half-neutralisation, and calculate the pH during titrations involving alkalis added to acids, including after excess alkali has been added n) Select a suitable indicator for a given titration given pKin values, and explain the choice of indicator o) Recall that polybasic acids form more tha ...
Aldehydes Ketones
... Hemiacetals and Hemiketals are formed by reacting only one equivalent of alcohol with the aldehyde or ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst. Further reaction with a second alcohol forms the acetal or ketal. A diol, with two –OH groups on the same molecule, can be used to form cyclic acetals ...
... Hemiacetals and Hemiketals are formed by reacting only one equivalent of alcohol with the aldehyde or ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst. Further reaction with a second alcohol forms the acetal or ketal. A diol, with two –OH groups on the same molecule, can be used to form cyclic acetals ...
Dehydration of ROH
... depends primarily on the degree of stabilization and solvation of the alkoxide ion. • The negatively charged oxygens of methoxide and ethoxide are about as accessible as the oxygen of hydroxide ion for solvation; these alcohol are about as acidic as water. • As the bulk of the alkyl group increases, ...
... depends primarily on the degree of stabilization and solvation of the alkoxide ion. • The negatively charged oxygens of methoxide and ethoxide are about as accessible as the oxygen of hydroxide ion for solvation; these alcohol are about as acidic as water. • As the bulk of the alkyl group increases, ...
CHEM 121 Chapter 14. Name: Date: ______ 1. The simplest alcohol
... B) rubbing alcohol is pure methyl alcohol C) absolute alcohol is pure methanol D) absolute ethanol has all water removed from it 5. In which of the following pairs of alcohols do both members of the pair contain two or more hydroxyl groups? A) s-butanol and ethylene glycol B) propylene glycol and gl ...
... B) rubbing alcohol is pure methyl alcohol C) absolute alcohol is pure methanol D) absolute ethanol has all water removed from it 5. In which of the following pairs of alcohols do both members of the pair contain two or more hydroxyl groups? A) s-butanol and ethylene glycol B) propylene glycol and gl ...
BSc-Chemistry-II
... with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using 1,3-dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties. Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on be ...
... with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using 1,3-dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties. Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on be ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.