aciee-2004-43-5442-palomo
... between nitromethane and either aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes at 35 8C within about 24 h to produce nitroaldols 8 (R’ = H) in yields in the 56 to 90 % range and up to 93 % ee. Zinc-based catalysts are especially interesting because they might be compatible with aqueous systems in the light of the ...
... between nitromethane and either aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes at 35 8C within about 24 h to produce nitroaldols 8 (R’ = H) in yields in the 56 to 90 % range and up to 93 % ee. Zinc-based catalysts are especially interesting because they might be compatible with aqueous systems in the light of the ...
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
... could be kept away from the base that catalyzes the reaction, the reverse reaction would become very slow. This would lead to a satisfactory yield. So, the idea is to separate some acetone from the diacetone alcohol, expose it to base for a while, then return the acetone - diacetone alcohol mixture ...
... could be kept away from the base that catalyzes the reaction, the reverse reaction would become very slow. This would lead to a satisfactory yield. So, the idea is to separate some acetone from the diacetone alcohol, expose it to base for a while, then return the acetone - diacetone alcohol mixture ...
Additional file 1
... 4-Acenaphthen-5-yl-2,4-dioxo-butyric acid ethyl ester2 (4): Diethyl oxalate (1.0 g, 6.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium ethoxide (0.5 g, 6.9 mmol) in 20 mL of ethanol at 8–10°C, followed by the dropwise addition of ketone 3 (1.4 g, 4.7 mmol) in 30 min. The reaction mixture was sti ...
... 4-Acenaphthen-5-yl-2,4-dioxo-butyric acid ethyl ester2 (4): Diethyl oxalate (1.0 g, 6.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium ethoxide (0.5 g, 6.9 mmol) in 20 mL of ethanol at 8–10°C, followed by the dropwise addition of ketone 3 (1.4 g, 4.7 mmol) in 30 min. The reaction mixture was sti ...
Bk3BP08EE
... The nucleophilic ammonia attacks the partially positive carbon to which the electronegative chlorine is attached resulting in the formation of a pentavalent transition state. The C – Cl bond is being broken as the C – N bond is formed. The resultant organic product is ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2. The amin ...
... The nucleophilic ammonia attacks the partially positive carbon to which the electronegative chlorine is attached resulting in the formation of a pentavalent transition state. The C – Cl bond is being broken as the C – N bond is formed. The resultant organic product is ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2. The amin ...
Facile Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols with Sodium Nitrate/p
... The transformation of benzyl alcohols to carbonyl compounds is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic synthesis. Various methods have been developed for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes. Representative oxidants for this purpose include chromium(VI) reagen ...
... The transformation of benzyl alcohols to carbonyl compounds is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic synthesis. Various methods have been developed for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes. Representative oxidants for this purpose include chromium(VI) reagen ...
7. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
... cleaves the diol into two carbonyl compounds Sequence of diol formation with OsO4 followed by diol cleavage is a good alternative to ozonolysis ...
... cleaves the diol into two carbonyl compounds Sequence of diol formation with OsO4 followed by diol cleavage is a good alternative to ozonolysis ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
Microsoft Word
... anhydride and pyridine in toluene to obtain the corresponding succinate derivative 12 in 92% yield. The compound 12 was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with immobilized penicillin G acylase at pH 7.8 and 30 C at substrate concentration of 20%. The reaction was followed by HPLC. The enzyme was fo ...
... anhydride and pyridine in toluene to obtain the corresponding succinate derivative 12 in 92% yield. The compound 12 was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with immobilized penicillin G acylase at pH 7.8 and 30 C at substrate concentration of 20%. The reaction was followed by HPLC. The enzyme was fo ...
Remodeling of the natural product fumagillol
... Bis-epoxide opening, and in particular, catalyst-controlled regioselectivity, proved to be quite general (Table 1). A variety of electron-rich and electron-deficient anilines produced either heterocyclic motif (entries 1 – 5), with La(OTf)3 catalysis forming predominantly perhydroisoindoles 5 and Zn ...
... Bis-epoxide opening, and in particular, catalyst-controlled regioselectivity, proved to be quite general (Table 1). A variety of electron-rich and electron-deficient anilines produced either heterocyclic motif (entries 1 – 5), with La(OTf)3 catalysis forming predominantly perhydroisoindoles 5 and Zn ...
Bimolecular reactions of the chromium
... may be blocked at the first insertion step. Thus, any not known. Hence, the reaction enthalpies of its reactions method to generate Cr+-C$14 in the gas phase has to start are difficult to estimate. Recently, the AHAo-benzyne) from another Cr+-arene complex. Figure 1 shows the value of 442 f 10 kJ mo ...
... may be blocked at the first insertion step. Thus, any not known. Hence, the reaction enthalpies of its reactions method to generate Cr+-C$14 in the gas phase has to start are difficult to estimate. Recently, the AHAo-benzyne) from another Cr+-arene complex. Figure 1 shows the value of 442 f 10 kJ mo ...
Introduction to Organic Synthesis 2011
... If we have a good leaving group (X), it can be eliminated by a carbon nucleophile (such as RMgX or amine) this is an acylation reaction. If we don’t, the anion (alkoxide) is likely to pick up a proton the reaction medium either during the reaction or in the workup. Alternatively, if we also have an ...
... If we have a good leaving group (X), it can be eliminated by a carbon nucleophile (such as RMgX or amine) this is an acylation reaction. If we don’t, the anion (alkoxide) is likely to pick up a proton the reaction medium either during the reaction or in the workup. Alternatively, if we also have an ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides - City University of New York
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
Silica Sulfuric Acid Promotes Aza-Michael Addition Reactions under
... using other Michael acceptors with various aromatic and aliphatic amines. As shown in Table 1, the Michael addition of various aliphatic amines and aryl amines carrying either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups were successfully reacted with PTEA or PEEA to produce their corresponding ...
... using other Michael acceptors with various aromatic and aliphatic amines. As shown in Table 1, the Michael addition of various aliphatic amines and aryl amines carrying either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups were successfully reacted with PTEA or PEEA to produce their corresponding ...
Barton Deoxygenation
... Deoxygenation proceeds by Mitsunobu displacement of the alcohol with onitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazine (NBSH) followed by in situ elimination of o-nitrobenzene sulfinic acid. The resulting monoalkyl diazene is proposed to decompose by a freeradical mechanism to form deoxygenated products. The deoxygena ...
... Deoxygenation proceeds by Mitsunobu displacement of the alcohol with onitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazine (NBSH) followed by in situ elimination of o-nitrobenzene sulfinic acid. The resulting monoalkyl diazene is proposed to decompose by a freeradical mechanism to form deoxygenated products. The deoxygena ...
... Based on the results and literature data, it was proposed that Acy-I catalyzes the synthesis (rather than hydrolysis) of hippurate, which is formed as a detoxification product of aromatic compounds. Regarding the application of this enzyme in organic chemistry, the acylase from Aspergillus spp was u ...
Solvent free permanganate oxidations
... may make it the approach of choice. When the a-carbons are tertiary, the product is a dione, formed presumably by dehydration of the corresponding diol as in Scheme 6. Addition of alumina to the solid support did not improve the yields of these reactions. Arenes are converted into the corresponding ...
... may make it the approach of choice. When the a-carbons are tertiary, the product is a dione, formed presumably by dehydration of the corresponding diol as in Scheme 6. Addition of alumina to the solid support did not improve the yields of these reactions. Arenes are converted into the corresponding ...
review sheet plus practice problems
... What are the products of free radical halogenation of an alkane (ex: Cl2/uv light)? Give the chain mechanism for free radical halogenation. What is the selectivity for brominations vs. fluorinations? Why are allylic radicals more stable than other types? Draw resonance for all allylic radicals. What ...
... What are the products of free radical halogenation of an alkane (ex: Cl2/uv light)? Give the chain mechanism for free radical halogenation. What is the selectivity for brominations vs. fluorinations? Why are allylic radicals more stable than other types? Draw resonance for all allylic radicals. What ...
The characteristic reaction of aromatic rings
... Meta-directing Groups - have either a partial or full positive charge on the atom directly attached to the aromatic ring è A trifluoromethyl group destabilizes the ortho and para substitution pathways by having one poor resonance contributor in the arenium ion è The meta intermediate is not as desta ...
... Meta-directing Groups - have either a partial or full positive charge on the atom directly attached to the aromatic ring è A trifluoromethyl group destabilizes the ortho and para substitution pathways by having one poor resonance contributor in the arenium ion è The meta intermediate is not as desta ...
Document
... If it smells of “fish” or “rotting flesh” chances are you have an amine!! Amines behave in a similar way to NH3 but their behaviour is modified by the alkyl groups. 2.1 Bonding: cf NH3 ...
... If it smells of “fish” or “rotting flesh” chances are you have an amine!! Amines behave in a similar way to NH3 but their behaviour is modified by the alkyl groups. 2.1 Bonding: cf NH3 ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
... The most useful reagents for reducing aldehydes and ketones are the metal hydride reagents.The two most common metal hydride reagents are sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). These reagents contain a polar metal-hydrogen bond that serves as a source of the nucleophile hy ...
... The most useful reagents for reducing aldehydes and ketones are the metal hydride reagents.The two most common metal hydride reagents are sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). These reagents contain a polar metal-hydrogen bond that serves as a source of the nucleophile hy ...
Get Solutions - Iqraa group of institutes
... disease. Such as methemoglobinemia. SO42- : above 500 ppm of SO42- ion in drinking water causes laxative effect otherwise at moderate levels it is harmless F– : Above 2ppm concentration of F– in drinking water cause brown mottling of teeth. ∴ The concentration given in question of SO42- & NO3- in wa ...
... disease. Such as methemoglobinemia. SO42- : above 500 ppm of SO42- ion in drinking water causes laxative effect otherwise at moderate levels it is harmless F– : Above 2ppm concentration of F– in drinking water cause brown mottling of teeth. ∴ The concentration given in question of SO42- & NO3- in wa ...
Amines - ChemConnections
... stomach and GI pH will decrease the absorption of Adderall,[10] and acidic urine levels will decrease the reabsorption of the drug through the renal system.[11] Co-administration of acidic substances (e.g. citric acid) causes decreased renal reabsorption of DL-amphetamine, while alkaline agents (e.g ...
... stomach and GI pH will decrease the absorption of Adderall,[10] and acidic urine levels will decrease the reabsorption of the drug through the renal system.[11] Co-administration of acidic substances (e.g. citric acid) causes decreased renal reabsorption of DL-amphetamine, while alkaline agents (e.g ...
All Chemistry Formulas for O levels Chemistry by Ethan Wu
... 2CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2CO2(g) 2NO(g) + 2CO(g) -> N2(g) + 2CO2(g) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) -> 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g) Flue Gas Desulfurisation (remove sulfur dioxide pollution) CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) -> CaSO3(S) + CO2 2CaSO3(s) + O2(g) -> 2CaSO4(s) CaO(s) + SO2(g) -> CaSO3(s) Alkanes Combustion Alkane + oxygen -> carb ...
... 2CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2CO2(g) 2NO(g) + 2CO(g) -> N2(g) + 2CO2(g) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) -> 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g) Flue Gas Desulfurisation (remove sulfur dioxide pollution) CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) -> CaSO3(S) + CO2 2CaSO3(s) + O2(g) -> 2CaSO4(s) CaO(s) + SO2(g) -> CaSO3(s) Alkanes Combustion Alkane + oxygen -> carb ...
http://www.twitter.com/chem442bausch - SIU
... place in two steps. The intermediate in this reaction is a… (a) carbon anion; (b) carboncentered radical; (c) carbocation (p 205) The characteristic reactions of alkenes are… (a) addition reactions; (b) substitution reactions; (c) rearrangement reactions; (d) elimination reactions (C-7,8) Which of t ...
... place in two steps. The intermediate in this reaction is a… (a) carbon anion; (b) carboncentered radical; (c) carbocation (p 205) The characteristic reactions of alkenes are… (a) addition reactions; (b) substitution reactions; (c) rearrangement reactions; (d) elimination reactions (C-7,8) Which of t ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.