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Organic Chemistry – Summary of Reactions and Conditions
... Knowledge of possible mechanisms required. Note the difference in reagent and conditions in reaction 3. H2O has a lone pair of electrons and can act as a nucleophile in a similar way to OH -. Lacking an overall negative charge, H2O is a weaker nucleophile than OH-. One method of following the reacti ...
... Knowledge of possible mechanisms required. Note the difference in reagent and conditions in reaction 3. H2O has a lone pair of electrons and can act as a nucleophile in a similar way to OH -. Lacking an overall negative charge, H2O is a weaker nucleophile than OH-. One method of following the reacti ...
Amines - Chemistry Geek
... If you consider a primary amine to be an amino group attached to an alkane, you would simply name it as you would an alkane derivative Name the longest carbon chain the parent chain Count the amine group as an attached group with prefix amino ...
... If you consider a primary amine to be an amino group attached to an alkane, you would simply name it as you would an alkane derivative Name the longest carbon chain the parent chain Count the amine group as an attached group with prefix amino ...
Chem 3.5 #3 Alcohols 1
... Explain why the lower molecular weight alcohols are soluble in water while the higher ones are not. ...
... Explain why the lower molecular weight alcohols are soluble in water while the higher ones are not. ...
Full answers
... No. One end of each double bond has two identical groups (methyl or hydrogen) attached to it. Give the structural formula of the organic product formed from (–)-linalool in each of the following reactions. NB: If there is no reaction, write "no reaction". Reagents / Conditions ...
... No. One end of each double bond has two identical groups (methyl or hydrogen) attached to it. Give the structural formula of the organic product formed from (–)-linalool in each of the following reactions. NB: If there is no reaction, write "no reaction". Reagents / Conditions ...
Chem 150 Unit 4 - Chemical Properties I Chemical Reactions
... * The elements in Group IIA form compounds (such as Mg3N2 and CaCO3) in which the metal atom is in the +2 oxidation state. * Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. Exceptions include molecules and polyatomic ions that contain O-O bonds, such as O2, O3, H2O2, and the O22- ion. * The nonmetals ...
... * The elements in Group IIA form compounds (such as Mg3N2 and CaCO3) in which the metal atom is in the +2 oxidation state. * Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. Exceptions include molecules and polyatomic ions that contain O-O bonds, such as O2, O3, H2O2, and the O22- ion. * The nonmetals ...
Lecture 8a - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... • Nickel tetracarbonyl (1890, Ni(CO)4) is used to refine Ni-metal • Ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) that was discovered in 1951 by P. Pauson and S. A. Miller introduced a new bond model (sandwich complexes) for transition metal compounds ...
... • Nickel tetracarbonyl (1890, Ni(CO)4) is used to refine Ni-metal • Ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) that was discovered in 1951 by P. Pauson and S. A. Miller introduced a new bond model (sandwich complexes) for transition metal compounds ...
aldehydes and ketones
... • The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is more accessible to the nucleophile because the hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is smaller than the second alkyl group to carbonyl carbon of a ketone. • Ketones have greater steric crowding in their transition states, so they have less s ...
... • The carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is more accessible to the nucleophile because the hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde is smaller than the second alkyl group to carbonyl carbon of a ketone. • Ketones have greater steric crowding in their transition states, so they have less s ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
... Considerations: neither the electrophile (RCN) nor the nucleophile (water) is very reactive. Since we are in acid protonate the CN group to make it a better electrophile. Then attack it with the water nucleophile to add water. This results in reduction of C-N bond order and creation of C to O bonds ...
Chemdraw B&W - Chemistry Courses
... Selective Preparation of Primary Amines: the Azide Synthesis • Azide ion, N3 displaces a halide ion from a primary or secondary alkyl halide to give an alkyl azide, RN3 • Alkyl azides are not nucleophilic (but they are ...
... Selective Preparation of Primary Amines: the Azide Synthesis • Azide ion, N3 displaces a halide ion from a primary or secondary alkyl halide to give an alkyl azide, RN3 • Alkyl azides are not nucleophilic (but they are ...
Properties of haloalkanes
... haloalkanes and hydroxide are put together, but by changing the conditions, we can make one reaction much more probable than the other. In aqueous conditions, the substitution reaction is most likely. ...
... haloalkanes and hydroxide are put together, but by changing the conditions, we can make one reaction much more probable than the other. In aqueous conditions, the substitution reaction is most likely. ...
organic revision nots
... substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.. 33. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. 34. O=C=O is nonpolar while R-O-R is polar. 35. Ethers can be prepared by Williamson synt ...
... substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.. 33. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. 34. O=C=O is nonpolar while R-O-R is polar. 35. Ethers can be prepared by Williamson synt ...
lab 12 Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic acid
... in the synthesis. It is imperative that you take your time as any mishaps will require you to start over. Your goal is to successfully covert Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid following what we w ...
... in the synthesis. It is imperative that you take your time as any mishaps will require you to start over. Your goal is to successfully covert Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid following what we w ...
CHEM 203 Topics Discussed on Nov. 20 Principle: protonation of
... Principle: the above reagents rely on the nucleophilic properties of the OH group to achieve conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides Principle: only primary and secondary alcohols are sufficiently nucleophilic to react with the above reagents. The OH group of tertiary alcohols is poorly nucleophil ...
... Principle: the above reagents rely on the nucleophilic properties of the OH group to achieve conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides Principle: only primary and secondary alcohols are sufficiently nucleophilic to react with the above reagents. The OH group of tertiary alcohols is poorly nucleophil ...
The aim of the work
... is directed to the atom H1 along the C(2)-H1 bond. With the approach of the hydroxyl group to a distance of 2.86 Å the water molecule removes. The elimination of H1 from C(2) atom by OH- ion results in leaving of the second water molecule and unsaturated compound 42 formation. The interaction of pro ...
... is directed to the atom H1 along the C(2)-H1 bond. With the approach of the hydroxyl group to a distance of 2.86 Å the water molecule removes. The elimination of H1 from C(2) atom by OH- ion results in leaving of the second water molecule and unsaturated compound 42 formation. The interaction of pro ...
Microsoft Word
... We found that La(NO3)36H2O is an efficient and mild acidic catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols with Ac2O under solvent-free conditions. In order to establish the catalytic activity of La(NO3)36H2O, we carried out the acetylation of glucose diacetonide (1 mmol) with acetic anhydride (1.2 mmol) u ...
... We found that La(NO3)36H2O is an efficient and mild acidic catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols with Ac2O under solvent-free conditions. In order to establish the catalytic activity of La(NO3)36H2O, we carried out the acetylation of glucose diacetonide (1 mmol) with acetic anhydride (1.2 mmol) u ...
Phenols Like alcohols, phenols are starting materials for a wide
... Cannot readily replace the halide of aryl halides by -OH, since aryl halides are inert. The reaction can be performed in industry under high pressure and temperature: OH ...
... Cannot readily replace the halide of aryl halides by -OH, since aryl halides are inert. The reaction can be performed in industry under high pressure and temperature: OH ...
Enantioselective Henry Reactions under Dual Lewis Acid/Amine
... and uses readily available reagents, the elucidation of its mechanism is appealing. The sense of the asymmetric induction imparted may be correctly predicted by transition model I (Figure 1), which is in accord with previously reported steric and electronic considerations.[7] However, the nonlinear ...
... and uses readily available reagents, the elucidation of its mechanism is appealing. The sense of the asymmetric induction imparted may be correctly predicted by transition model I (Figure 1), which is in accord with previously reported steric and electronic considerations.[7] However, the nonlinear ...
amine
... NAMING AMIDES • Use the carboxylic acid’s name and drop the –ic ending (common name) or –oic ending (IUPAC name) and change to –amide. Examples: ...
... NAMING AMIDES • Use the carboxylic acid’s name and drop the –ic ending (common name) or –oic ending (IUPAC name) and change to –amide. Examples: ...
4.14 Halogenation of Alkanes RH + X2 → RX + HX RH + X2 → RX +
... of a neutral molecule are free radicals. Therefore, measure enthalpy cost of homolytic bond cleavage to gain information about stability of free radicals. The more stable the free-radical products, the weaker the bond, and the lower the bond-dissociation energy. ...
... of a neutral molecule are free radicals. Therefore, measure enthalpy cost of homolytic bond cleavage to gain information about stability of free radicals. The more stable the free-radical products, the weaker the bond, and the lower the bond-dissociation energy. ...
Protecting Groups Introduction to Carbonyl
... Protecting Groups Solving this problem requires a three-step strategy: [1] Convert the OH group into another functional group that does not interfere with the desired reaction. This new blocking group is called a protecting group, and the reaction that creates it is called “protection.” [2] Carry ou ...
... Protecting Groups Solving this problem requires a three-step strategy: [1] Convert the OH group into another functional group that does not interfere with the desired reaction. This new blocking group is called a protecting group, and the reaction that creates it is called “protection.” [2] Carry ou ...
sample paper - CBSE PORTAL
... reactions”. Explain the above statement which was given by “Max Trautz” and William Lewis” Q.5 Name the sweetest carbohydrate. Q.6 Name one Biodegradable aliphatic polyester. Q.7 Ortho-sulphobenzimide is used in the preparation of sweet for a diabetic person or patient, why ? Q.8 How does prevailing ...
... reactions”. Explain the above statement which was given by “Max Trautz” and William Lewis” Q.5 Name the sweetest carbohydrate. Q.6 Name one Biodegradable aliphatic polyester. Q.7 Ortho-sulphobenzimide is used in the preparation of sweet for a diabetic person or patient, why ? Q.8 How does prevailing ...
Experiment # 8 Synthesis and Reactivity of tert
... classifying the structure of alkyl halides. The silver nitrate test proceeds via an SN1 reaction, and the sodium iodide test proceeds via an SN2 reaction. When a halide is treated with a solution of AgNO3 in ethanol, the silver ion initially coordinates with the halogen electron pair. This in turn w ...
... classifying the structure of alkyl halides. The silver nitrate test proceeds via an SN1 reaction, and the sodium iodide test proceeds via an SN2 reaction. When a halide is treated with a solution of AgNO3 in ethanol, the silver ion initially coordinates with the halogen electron pair. This in turn w ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
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The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.