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Making esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols
... Larger esters tend to form more slowly. In these cases, it may be necessary to heat the reaction mixture under reflux for some time to produce an equilibrium mixture. The ester can be separated from the carboxylic acid, alcohol, water and sulphuric acid in the mixture by fractional distillation. Not ...
... Larger esters tend to form more slowly. In these cases, it may be necessary to heat the reaction mixture under reflux for some time to produce an equilibrium mixture. The ester can be separated from the carboxylic acid, alcohol, water and sulphuric acid in the mixture by fractional distillation. Not ...
Structure and Bonding
... hydrogen over a finely alkanes divided metal catalyst such as palladium, nickel, or platinum. This is an addition reaction since it involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to each end of the double bond. It is also called a catalytic hydrogenation or a reduction reaction. The catalyst is crucial sin ...
... hydrogen over a finely alkanes divided metal catalyst such as palladium, nickel, or platinum. This is an addition reaction since it involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to each end of the double bond. It is also called a catalytic hydrogenation or a reduction reaction. The catalyst is crucial sin ...
Ch 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
... • Ylides- a neutral molecule having a negative charged carbon adjacent to a positive charged heteroatom. • Ex. ...
... • Ylides- a neutral molecule having a negative charged carbon adjacent to a positive charged heteroatom. • Ex. ...
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... in excellent yields (Table 1, entries 113). Benzyl alcohol derivatives bearing electron-donating substituents in the meta or para positions on the aromatic rings as well as 2naphthylmethanol were well-tolerated (Entries 2, 3 and 5). More catalyst (1.0 mol%) was necessary to complete the reaction wh ...
... in excellent yields (Table 1, entries 113). Benzyl alcohol derivatives bearing electron-donating substituents in the meta or para positions on the aromatic rings as well as 2naphthylmethanol were well-tolerated (Entries 2, 3 and 5). More catalyst (1.0 mol%) was necessary to complete the reaction wh ...
INTRODUCING ALCOHOLS
... ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. We shall just be looking at cases where it is replaced by an alkyl group, but it could equally well be an aryl group (one based on a benzene ring). Making esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols The chemistry of the ...
... ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. We shall just be looking at cases where it is replaced by an alkyl group, but it could equally well be an aryl group (one based on a benzene ring). Making esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols The chemistry of the ...
Reprint - Horizon Research Publishing
... amine at elevated temperature. Since some functional groups are sensitive to high temperature, a variety of activators such as alkali metal halides, metal perchlorates, metal tetrafluoroborates and metaltriflates have been reported to carry out this reaction. However, many of these methods involve t ...
... amine at elevated temperature. Since some functional groups are sensitive to high temperature, a variety of activators such as alkali metal halides, metal perchlorates, metal tetrafluoroborates and metaltriflates have been reported to carry out this reaction. However, many of these methods involve t ...
File
... Williamson ether synthesis is a laboratory method to prepare symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers by allowing alkyl halides to react with sodium alkoxides. ...
... Williamson ether synthesis is a laboratory method to prepare symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers by allowing alkyl halides to react with sodium alkoxides. ...
H3PO4 in a Direct Synthesis of Oligo–Poly(ethylene phosphate)
... the macromolecular backbones. These most likely are formed by the wrong addition with nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom, resulting in dealkylation (Scheme 2). This is only one example of many similar reactions that could proceed at different sites of macromolecules and at different degrees of p ...
... the macromolecular backbones. These most likely are formed by the wrong addition with nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom, resulting in dealkylation (Scheme 2). This is only one example of many similar reactions that could proceed at different sites of macromolecules and at different degrees of p ...
Chapter 1--Title
... A calculated electrostatic potential map of benzyne shows added electron density at the site of the benzyne p bond ...
... A calculated electrostatic potential map of benzyne shows added electron density at the site of the benzyne p bond ...
CHEMISTRY 314-01 MIDTERM # 4 April 15, 2003 Name
... • Fischer esterification occurs only in strongly basic conditions; • Amides are less reactive than acid chlorides but more reactive than esters; • Saponification is the process of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters; • Lactones are intramolecular amides; • Primary amines are molecules in which the a ...
... • Fischer esterification occurs only in strongly basic conditions; • Amides are less reactive than acid chlorides but more reactive than esters; • Saponification is the process of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters; • Lactones are intramolecular amides; • Primary amines are molecules in which the a ...
ch08 by dr. Dina
... The initial syn addition of the oxygens is preserved when the oxygen-metal bonds are cleaved and the products are syn diols ...
... The initial syn addition of the oxygens is preserved when the oxygen-metal bonds are cleaved and the products are syn diols ...
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... ____ 23. An active metal and a halogen react to form a(n) a. salt. c. acid. b. hydroxide. d. oxide. ____ 24. In the equation 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) → 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq), iron has been replaced by a. nitrate. c. aluminum. b. water. d. nitrogen. ____ 25. If a certain metal is placed in an ...
... ____ 23. An active metal and a halogen react to form a(n) a. salt. c. acid. b. hydroxide. d. oxide. ____ 24. In the equation 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) → 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq), iron has been replaced by a. nitrate. c. aluminum. b. water. d. nitrogen. ____ 25. If a certain metal is placed in an ...
Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the
... 17.9: Acetals and Ketals as Protecting Groups Protecting group: Temporarily convert a functional group that is incompatible with a set of reaction conditions into a new functional group (with the protecting group) that is compatible with the reaction. The protecting group is then removed giving the ...
... 17.9: Acetals and Ketals as Protecting Groups Protecting group: Temporarily convert a functional group that is incompatible with a set of reaction conditions into a new functional group (with the protecting group) that is compatible with the reaction. The protecting group is then removed giving the ...
Chapter 1-
... A chlorine radical reacts with a molecule of methane to generate a methyl radical A methyl radical reacts with a molecule of chlorine to yield chloromethane and regenerate chlorine radical A chlorine radical reacts with another methane molecule, continuing the chain reaction A single chlorine radica ...
... A chlorine radical reacts with a molecule of methane to generate a methyl radical A methyl radical reacts with a molecule of chlorine to yield chloromethane and regenerate chlorine radical A chlorine radical reacts with another methane molecule, continuing the chain reaction A single chlorine radica ...
Discussion Sheet 11
... Problem 3. Use problems 1 and 2 as a flow chart to propose two step transformations with alcohols as synthetic intermediates.: ...
... Problem 3. Use problems 1 and 2 as a flow chart to propose two step transformations with alcohols as synthetic intermediates.: ...
organic compound containing nitrogen
... We shall compare the stabilities of amines with the stabilities of their ions; the more stable the ion relative to the amine from which it is formed, the more basic the amine. First of all, amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters etc. for the same reason that ammonia is more basic than w ...
... We shall compare the stabilities of amines with the stabilities of their ions; the more stable the ion relative to the amine from which it is formed, the more basic the amine. First of all, amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters etc. for the same reason that ammonia is more basic than w ...
ppt
... the O-H group of alcohols act as both an H-bond donor (Lewis acid) and H-bond acceptor (Lewis base). Ethers are only H-bond acceptors (Lewis base) 16.4: Crown Ethers (Please read) ...
... the O-H group of alcohols act as both an H-bond donor (Lewis acid) and H-bond acceptor (Lewis base). Ethers are only H-bond acceptors (Lewis base) 16.4: Crown Ethers (Please read) ...
specification
... The cyclic diacylhydrazide Luminol is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, generating a radical of Luminol. This radical forms an endoperoxide which decomposes to form an 3-aminophthalate anion. If this molecule falls back into its ground state, light is emitted. The emission of light is enhanced by ...
... The cyclic diacylhydrazide Luminol is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, generating a radical of Luminol. This radical forms an endoperoxide which decomposes to form an 3-aminophthalate anion. If this molecule falls back into its ground state, light is emitted. The emission of light is enhanced by ...
Arginine- or Lysine-catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitromethane to α
... conversion for 24 h. More polar solvents probably maintain near the pKa of a compound and thus nitromethane is more easily deprotonated to be an activated form in alcohols. Although, the conversions are similar in both reactions in ethanol and 2-propanol, ethanol was chosen as a co-solvent for furth ...
... conversion for 24 h. More polar solvents probably maintain near the pKa of a compound and thus nitromethane is more easily deprotonated to be an activated form in alcohols. Although, the conversions are similar in both reactions in ethanol and 2-propanol, ethanol was chosen as a co-solvent for furth ...
thiols and sulfides.
... primary haloalkane or sulfonate ester under SN2 conditions. The parent alcohol of the alkoxide can be used as the solvent, however other polar solvents are often better, such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or HMPA (hexamethylphosphoric triamide). ...
... primary haloalkane or sulfonate ester under SN2 conditions. The parent alcohol of the alkoxide can be used as the solvent, however other polar solvents are often better, such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or HMPA (hexamethylphosphoric triamide). ...
Chemistry - WordPress.com
... 65. In the assay of ephedrine HCl, we dissolve in water, add a reagent X, filter then extract with methylene chloride, what is the reagent X: a. 0.1 N NaOH (or Na2CO3) 66. Perchloric acid is stronger than acetic acid because: a. Acetic acid is more basic ??? 67. Codeine phosphate is dissolved in ace ...
... 65. In the assay of ephedrine HCl, we dissolve in water, add a reagent X, filter then extract with methylene chloride, what is the reagent X: a. 0.1 N NaOH (or Na2CO3) 66. Perchloric acid is stronger than acetic acid because: a. Acetic acid is more basic ??? 67. Codeine phosphate is dissolved in ace ...
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers through a Vanadium
... olefin. Unsaturated a-hydroxyester 7, with two double bonds, provided the possibility of carrying out a double cyclization. Unfortunately, the dioxacyclic compound was obtained as a mixture of two diastereoisomers (44 % yield, d.r. = 1:1; CHCl3, TBHP (2.2 equiv), 40 8C, 48 h), but tandem reaction co ...
... olefin. Unsaturated a-hydroxyester 7, with two double bonds, provided the possibility of carrying out a double cyclization. Unfortunately, the dioxacyclic compound was obtained as a mixture of two diastereoisomers (44 % yield, d.r. = 1:1; CHCl3, TBHP (2.2 equiv), 40 8C, 48 h), but tandem reaction co ...
LECTURE 3 Shape: Conformations of Cyclohexanes Cyclohexane
... substitution of 1 each of these by chlorine leads to 1-chloropropane and 2chloropropane respectively. If all the C – H bonds were of equal reactivity then we should expect to see the 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane to be formed in the statistical ratio of 6 : 2. The experimental value at 25 oC i ...
... substitution of 1 each of these by chlorine leads to 1-chloropropane and 2chloropropane respectively. If all the C – H bonds were of equal reactivity then we should expect to see the 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane to be formed in the statistical ratio of 6 : 2. The experimental value at 25 oC i ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM
... Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen and Oxygen Chapter 2: You should know; ...
... Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen and Oxygen Chapter 2: You should know; ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
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The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.