STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 4 1. Functional Groups – these are
... Solubility in water – alcohols tend to dissolve much better, because of H-bond formation. Alkyl halides are ...
... Solubility in water – alcohols tend to dissolve much better, because of H-bond formation. Alkyl halides are ...
Calculating Oxidation Numbers Calculating Oxidation Numbers
... number of electrons assigned to each atom and subtract that number from the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom; the result is the oxidation number. ...
... number of electrons assigned to each atom and subtract that number from the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom; the result is the oxidation number. ...
Chemistry 1- Final Exam Review
... c. two b. one d. three ____ 65. Which of the following contains the largest number of oxygen atoms? a. 4H2 O c. H2 SO4 b. 3CO2 d. 2Al(NO3 ) 3 ____ 66. An element’s most stable ion forms an ionic compound with chlorine having the formula XCl2 . If the ion of element X has a mass of 89 and 36 electron ...
... c. two b. one d. three ____ 65. Which of the following contains the largest number of oxygen atoms? a. 4H2 O c. H2 SO4 b. 3CO2 d. 2Al(NO3 ) 3 ____ 66. An element’s most stable ion forms an ionic compound with chlorine having the formula XCl2 . If the ion of element X has a mass of 89 and 36 electron ...
5.4.2 Organic nitrogen compounds: amines, amides, amino acids
... Condensation polymers: There are two main types of condensation polymer made from carboxylic acid derivatives: polyesters and polyamides. i) Polyesters: A well-known polyester, Terylene, is made by heating ethane-1,2-diol with dimethylbenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (dimethyl terepthalate): ...
... Condensation polymers: There are two main types of condensation polymer made from carboxylic acid derivatives: polyesters and polyamides. i) Polyesters: A well-known polyester, Terylene, is made by heating ethane-1,2-diol with dimethylbenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (dimethyl terepthalate): ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
... 2 substances combine to make one compound (also called “synthesis”) Ca + O2 CaO SO3 + H2O H2SO4 We can predict the products, especially if the reactants are two elements. Mg + N2 Mg3N2 (symbols, charges, cross) ...
... 2 substances combine to make one compound (also called “synthesis”) Ca + O2 CaO SO3 + H2O H2SO4 We can predict the products, especially if the reactants are two elements. Mg + N2 Mg3N2 (symbols, charges, cross) ...
radicals
... [Note the use of an arrow with a half head to designate the movement of one electron.] ...
... [Note the use of an arrow with a half head to designate the movement of one electron.] ...
Types of Reactions Lab
... 3. Use a straw to blow bubbles into the water indicator mixture. 4. Observe and record the color of the mixture. (if it started out as a base and moved to being neutral, what must have been added?) 5. Your reactants are water and carbon dioxide. What acidic product can you predict for this combinati ...
... 3. Use a straw to blow bubbles into the water indicator mixture. 4. Observe and record the color of the mixture. (if it started out as a base and moved to being neutral, what must have been added?) 5. Your reactants are water and carbon dioxide. What acidic product can you predict for this combinati ...
OS-FGI Lecture2
... sulfonium cation, which is then nucleophilically attacked by the hydroxyl oxygen, to form a new sulfonium ether. Treatment with an amine base such as Et3N first removes the most acidic proton to generate an ylide, which rearranges to give the carbonyl compound and dimethyl sulfide. O- ...
... sulfonium cation, which is then nucleophilically attacked by the hydroxyl oxygen, to form a new sulfonium ether. Treatment with an amine base such as Et3N first removes the most acidic proton to generate an ylide, which rearranges to give the carbonyl compound and dimethyl sulfide. O- ...
F.example
... Functional groups: Regions of molecules that have nonmetal atoms other than C and H or that have double or triple bonds are specific sites in organic molecules that chemicals most often attack. These small structural units are called functional groups, because they are the chemically functioning gro ...
... Functional groups: Regions of molecules that have nonmetal atoms other than C and H or that have double or triple bonds are specific sites in organic molecules that chemicals most often attack. These small structural units are called functional groups, because they are the chemically functioning gro ...
Lecture6-Organometallic Chemistry
... Catalysis • A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction but it is not itself consumed • Catalysis plays a vital role in the production of fuels, commodity chemicals, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals as well as providing the means for experimental safeguards all over the wo ...
... Catalysis • A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction but it is not itself consumed • Catalysis plays a vital role in the production of fuels, commodity chemicals, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals as well as providing the means for experimental safeguards all over the wo ...
Chemical Equations
... • Please be aware that there can be one, two, three, or more substances on either side of the arrow, as in this more complex equation: • Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaSO4 + HF ---> Ca10F2(PO4)6 + H2SO4 • Typically the arrow is replaced with "produces" or "yields" when the equation is said out loud. • Coefficients ...
... • Please be aware that there can be one, two, three, or more substances on either side of the arrow, as in this more complex equation: • Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaSO4 + HF ---> Ca10F2(PO4)6 + H2SO4 • Typically the arrow is replaced with "produces" or "yields" when the equation is said out loud. • Coefficients ...
Alcohol Production
... Name the types of reaction illustrated by the two reactions above. Glucose to ethanol ....................................................................................... Ethanol to ethene ......................................................................................... ...
... Name the types of reaction illustrated by the two reactions above. Glucose to ethanol ....................................................................................... Ethanol to ethene ......................................................................................... ...
Chemistry IGCSE Revision PDF File
... Sodium chloride NaCl is a ____________. There are __________ bonds between the two the same/ different numbers of electrons. elements _________ and _________. When these atoms bond one ____________ from the • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with ___________ atom is donated to the ____________ ...
... Sodium chloride NaCl is a ____________. There are __________ bonds between the two the same/ different numbers of electrons. elements _________ and _________. When these atoms bond one ____________ from the • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with ___________ atom is donated to the ____________ ...
The five main types of redox reactions are combination
... hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, when it is poured over a wound. At first, this might look like a simple decomposition reaction, because hydrogen peroxide breaks down to produce oxygen and water: 2 H2O2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g) The key to this reaction lies in the oxidation states of oxygen, however. Notice ...
... hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, when it is poured over a wound. At first, this might look like a simple decomposition reaction, because hydrogen peroxide breaks down to produce oxygen and water: 2 H2O2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g) The key to this reaction lies in the oxidation states of oxygen, however. Notice ...
Chapter 3
... Trade partners – A goes with D and C goes with B. Once again, charges MUST be observed when recombining and formulas are written with cation first. Reaction only happens if one of the two products is Insoluble (s). LEP #14 a, b ...
... Trade partners – A goes with D and C goes with B. Once again, charges MUST be observed when recombining and formulas are written with cation first. Reaction only happens if one of the two products is Insoluble (s). LEP #14 a, b ...
homework assignment 2 - the Petersen Home Page
... 1. A 15.40-g sample of a finely-divided mixture of only Fe2S3 and FeS was reacted with excess H2 at elevated temperatures. If the weight percent of Fe2S3 in this mixture is 57.4%, then calculate the total mass in grams of Fe that can be produced. Assume the only other product of these reactions is H ...
... 1. A 15.40-g sample of a finely-divided mixture of only Fe2S3 and FeS was reacted with excess H2 at elevated temperatures. If the weight percent of Fe2S3 in this mixture is 57.4%, then calculate the total mass in grams of Fe that can be produced. Assume the only other product of these reactions is H ...
File
... Hess’s Law states that the sum of the energy changes of all the thermochemical equations included in an overall reaction is equal to the overall energy change. Since ΔH is a state function and so is not dependent on how the reactants become the products, we can use several steps (in the form of sev ...
... Hess’s Law states that the sum of the energy changes of all the thermochemical equations included in an overall reaction is equal to the overall energy change. Since ΔH is a state function and so is not dependent on how the reactants become the products, we can use several steps (in the form of sev ...
the chemistry of a hangover
... In the liver, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, and then subsequently converted into acetate by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme. Acetate can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water, then eliminated from the body. On average, the liver can break down alc ...
... In the liver, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, and then subsequently converted into acetate by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme. Acetate can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water, then eliminated from the body. On average, the liver can break down alc ...
BioN02 Introduction to organic chemistry Summer 2014
... What are ethers? Ethers are compounds having two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to an oxygen atom, as in the formula R1–O–R2 Ethers contain a H-bond acceptor, O, but no H-bond donor Dimethyl ether is soluble in water Diethyl ether is miscible in water Ethers with larger alkane groups are water insolu ...
... What are ethers? Ethers are compounds having two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to an oxygen atom, as in the formula R1–O–R2 Ethers contain a H-bond acceptor, O, but no H-bond donor Dimethyl ether is soluble in water Diethyl ether is miscible in water Ethers with larger alkane groups are water insolu ...
Today Electrochemistry electrons moving about equilibrium with a
... add half reactions together to balance electrons! multiply each half reaction by proper factor! to get the same number of electron in each reaction! to convert to reaction in base neutralize H+ with OH-! ...
... add half reactions together to balance electrons! multiply each half reaction by proper factor! to get the same number of electron in each reaction! to convert to reaction in base neutralize H+ with OH-! ...
SCH4C: Chemistry, Grade 12, College Preparation
... c. It has a low electronegativity. d. It has seven valence electrons. 14. Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules because: a. It forms four bonds. b. It has a low electronegativity. c. It is relatively stable. d. It can form chains with itself and still have room for other atoms. e. all of these ...
... c. It has a low electronegativity. d. It has seven valence electrons. 14. Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules because: a. It forms four bonds. b. It has a low electronegativity. c. It is relatively stable. d. It can form chains with itself and still have room for other atoms. e. all of these ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.