化学中常见英语单词或词组的英文翻译
... A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more ele ments. Concentration The relative abundance of a solute in a solution. Congeners Elements with similar properties, found in one column of the periodic table. Conjugate An acid and base that are related by removing or adding a single h ...
... A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more ele ments. Concentration The relative abundance of a solute in a solution. Congeners Elements with similar properties, found in one column of the periodic table. Conjugate An acid and base that are related by removing or adding a single h ...
Chapter 18 Ketones and Aldehydes 1) Which of the following
... 60) Which series of reactions described below, if any, will result in the formation of 2-methylpentan-3one starting with 1-propanol? A) 1. (CH3)2CHMgBr/ diethyl ether ...
... 60) Which series of reactions described below, if any, will result in the formation of 2-methylpentan-3one starting with 1-propanol? A) 1. (CH3)2CHMgBr/ diethyl ether ...
Exam only
... Both are six-carbon compounds. Both have several optically active centers. A linear structure is not the only configuration for these materials. There are two cyclic structures and one linear sturcture. In solution, the linear structure is more common. ...
... Both are six-carbon compounds. Both have several optically active centers. A linear structure is not the only configuration for these materials. There are two cyclic structures and one linear sturcture. In solution, the linear structure is more common. ...
Additional Information on the Synthesis of Esters
... Figure 10.2 Fischer esterification reaction for ester formation from a carboxylic acid. The acid catalysed mechanism for a Fischer esterification is shown below in Figure 10.3. Equilibrium is reached at every step in the reaction’s multi-step mechanism. The reaction is driven to the right, towards t ...
... Figure 10.2 Fischer esterification reaction for ester formation from a carboxylic acid. The acid catalysed mechanism for a Fischer esterification is shown below in Figure 10.3. Equilibrium is reached at every step in the reaction’s multi-step mechanism. The reaction is driven to the right, towards t ...
Synthesis of the hexoses
... While this facile unraveling of epoxy alcohol 1 to trio1 3 (Eq. 1) appears well suited to our goal of carbohydrate synthesis, closer consideration reveals that awkward protection-deprotection steps are needed if triols such as 3 are to be involved in the reiterative cycle (Scheme I). Another problem ...
... While this facile unraveling of epoxy alcohol 1 to trio1 3 (Eq. 1) appears well suited to our goal of carbohydrate synthesis, closer consideration reveals that awkward protection-deprotection steps are needed if triols such as 3 are to be involved in the reiterative cycle (Scheme I). Another problem ...
Organic Chemistry1
... bond. Number from the side closest to that bond. • If it contains a double bond, it ends in –ene • If it contains a triple bond, it ends in –yne – # the double-triple bond – Name substituents as with alkanes ...
... bond. Number from the side closest to that bond. • If it contains a double bond, it ends in –ene • If it contains a triple bond, it ends in –yne – # the double-triple bond – Name substituents as with alkanes ...
CHEM102 Chemistry II Spring 11-12 Mid
... 28) Which of the following can serve as the solvent in a solution? 28) ______ A) a liquid B) a gas C) a solid D) a mixture of comingled liquids E) all of the above 29) If the concentration of H3O+ is 3.5 × 10-3 M, the concentration of OH- is ________ M. 29) ______ A) 3.5 × 10-11 B) 1.0 × 10-12 C) 2. ...
... 28) Which of the following can serve as the solvent in a solution? 28) ______ A) a liquid B) a gas C) a solid D) a mixture of comingled liquids E) all of the above 29) If the concentration of H3O+ is 3.5 × 10-3 M, the concentration of OH- is ________ M. 29) ______ A) 3.5 × 10-11 B) 1.0 × 10-12 C) 2. ...
Chemical Reactions: Introduction to Reaction Types
... solid, (s). For a precipitation reaction to occur, at least one of the products must be insoluble; if both products are soluble, then no reaction occurs. The presence of a precipitate is observed in the lab as a cloudy mixture that results when two solutions are mixed. The following is an example of ...
... solid, (s). For a precipitation reaction to occur, at least one of the products must be insoluble; if both products are soluble, then no reaction occurs. The presence of a precipitate is observed in the lab as a cloudy mixture that results when two solutions are mixed. The following is an example of ...
Thiobenzoate Photochemistry
... Compound 7 is derived from trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol. Of the three, it most nearly resembles the glucose compounds. If the PET transfer pathway is not competitive here, then we will have established that the cyclohexane ring is flexible enough for the H-abstraction pathway and that it is the benzyl ...
... Compound 7 is derived from trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol. Of the three, it most nearly resembles the glucose compounds. If the PET transfer pathway is not competitive here, then we will have established that the cyclohexane ring is flexible enough for the H-abstraction pathway and that it is the benzyl ...
Alkynes
... yield products of nucleophilic substitution. • Because acetylides are strong nucleophiles, the mechanism of substitution is SN2, and thus the reaction is fastest with CH3X and 10 alkyl halides. ...
... yield products of nucleophilic substitution. • Because acetylides are strong nucleophiles, the mechanism of substitution is SN2, and thus the reaction is fastest with CH3X and 10 alkyl halides. ...
Islamic University of Gaza Biochemistry School of Nursing Midterm
... 8. If two carbon atoms are connected by a double bond, those two carbon atoms but not the four groups attached to them, lie in a single plane (incorrect) All four groups and the 2 carbon atoms lie in a single plane 9. A tertiary alcohol is one in which the –OH is attached to a carbon atom that has t ...
... 8. If two carbon atoms are connected by a double bond, those two carbon atoms but not the four groups attached to them, lie in a single plane (incorrect) All four groups and the 2 carbon atoms lie in a single plane 9. A tertiary alcohol is one in which the –OH is attached to a carbon atom that has t ...
Sodium is an abundant metallic element with atomic number as 11
... -Sodium and hydrogen react above 200ºC (390ºF) to form sodium hydride. -Sodium hardly reacts with carbon, but it does react with halogens. It also reacts with various metallic halides to form the metal and sodium chloride. -Sodium doesn’t react with paraffinic hydrocarbons, but it forms addition com ...
... -Sodium and hydrogen react above 200ºC (390ºF) to form sodium hydride. -Sodium hardly reacts with carbon, but it does react with halogens. It also reacts with various metallic halides to form the metal and sodium chloride. -Sodium doesn’t react with paraffinic hydrocarbons, but it forms addition com ...
Paper - Edexcel
... 1 The table shows the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions. Atom or ion ...
... 1 The table shows the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions. Atom or ion ...
MODULE 1: Chemistry for Life – The Elements of Life
... Describe the term disproportionation as a reaction in which an element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced, illustrated by: ...
... Describe the term disproportionation as a reaction in which an element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced, illustrated by: ...
! !! ! n nn N P =
... A. Energy can never be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another. B. Two bodies in thermal contact are at thermal equilibrium with each other if the two bodies are at the same absolute temperature. C. Any process carried out in several steps, the overall ∆H is equal to the ...
... A. Energy can never be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another. B. Two bodies in thermal contact are at thermal equilibrium with each other if the two bodies are at the same absolute temperature. C. Any process carried out in several steps, the overall ∆H is equal to the ...
Review of Moles and Stoichiometry
... 21.) Methanol (CH3OH), also called methyl alcohol, is the simplest alcohol. It is used a as fuel in race cars and is a potential replacement for gasoline. Suppose 68.5 kg CO (g) is reacted with 8.60 kg H2 (g). This reaction is: ...
... 21.) Methanol (CH3OH), also called methyl alcohol, is the simplest alcohol. It is used a as fuel in race cars and is a potential replacement for gasoline. Suppose 68.5 kg CO (g) is reacted with 8.60 kg H2 (g). This reaction is: ...
CH 2
... Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a carboncarbon triple bond C≣C bond results from the overlap of two sphybridized carbon atoms and consists of one spsp s bond and two p-p p bonds The general formula is CnH2n-2 Alkynes are named by general rules similar to those used for alkanes and alkenes The ...
... Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a carboncarbon triple bond C≣C bond results from the overlap of two sphybridized carbon atoms and consists of one spsp s bond and two p-p p bonds The general formula is CnH2n-2 Alkynes are named by general rules similar to those used for alkanes and alkenes The ...
Organometallic Compounds
... Observe that there is limited opportunity of creating new C-C bonds, welding together two R groups. We seem to be somewhat lacking in simple carbon based nucleophiles. ...
... Observe that there is limited opportunity of creating new C-C bonds, welding together two R groups. We seem to be somewhat lacking in simple carbon based nucleophiles. ...
Name
... a. C3H8 b. C2H6 c. CH4 d. C2H4 9. Which of the following are polysaccharides? a. RNA and DNA b. glucose and sucrose c. cholesterol and triacylglycerol d. glycogen and starch 10. Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? a. peptide bonds b. hydrogen bonds d. ...
... a. C3H8 b. C2H6 c. CH4 d. C2H4 9. Which of the following are polysaccharides? a. RNA and DNA b. glucose and sucrose c. cholesterol and triacylglycerol d. glycogen and starch 10. Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? a. peptide bonds b. hydrogen bonds d. ...
10.6 Carboxylic Acids Learning Outcomes (a) describe the formation
... Describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes You need to use excess of the oxidizing agent and make sure the aldehyde formed half-way stays in the reaction mixture. Again we see a colour change in the chromate when the alcohol is oxidized to the aldehyde and/ or the aldehy ...
... Describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes You need to use excess of the oxidizing agent and make sure the aldehyde formed half-way stays in the reaction mixture. Again we see a colour change in the chromate when the alcohol is oxidized to the aldehyde and/ or the aldehy ...
CHE-06 year 2004
... Which SN2 reaction out of each of the following pairs would you expect to take place more (4) rapidly in a protic solvent? Explain your answer. ...
... Which SN2 reaction out of each of the following pairs would you expect to take place more (4) rapidly in a protic solvent? Explain your answer. ...
doc
... rapidly. This situation is similar to that of alcohols. When the carboxylic acid has a small hydrocarbon “tail” the ability of the carboxyl group to hydrogen bond with water causes the acid to be soluble. As the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail grows in size, however, the acids become less soluble. As i ...
... rapidly. This situation is similar to that of alcohols. When the carboxylic acid has a small hydrocarbon “tail” the ability of the carboxyl group to hydrogen bond with water causes the acid to be soluble. As the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail grows in size, however, the acids become less soluble. As i ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.