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Erik`s Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Notes - ECHS Chemistry
Erik`s Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Notes - ECHS Chemistry

... All organic chemistry is based upon unique properties of the carbon atom. Carbon, C, hybridization to 3 sp3 orbitals, carbon can now form 4 bonds, may be single, or in combination of double (sp2) or triple bonds (sp). Carbon forms very strong bonds with many non-metal atoms, H, O, Cl, N. Note: silic ...
Dehydration of Cyclohexanol – Preparation of an Alkene
Dehydration of Cyclohexanol – Preparation of an Alkene

Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Transesterification
Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Transesterification

...   Simple alcohols are most common.   Methanol CH3OH   Ethanol C2H5OH ...
Nitrogen and its compounds - kcpe-kcse
Nitrogen and its compounds - kcpe-kcse

... Colourless, odourless gas 78% by volume in air Liquid nitrogen as a coolant Most important use is in the manufacture of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers • Can form a large number of inorganic compounds • A major constituent of organic compounds such as amines, amino acids and amides. ...
File
File

... the electron pair moves to form a second bond between the carbon atoms the halogen is displaced; overall there is ELIMINATION of HBr. With unsymmetrical halogenoalkanes, a mixture of products may be formed. CONVERSIONS ...
Synthesis of a fragrance ester
Synthesis of a fragrance ester

... magnesium sulfate and then purified by distillation, collecting only the centre fraction and noting the temperature for a boiling point to compare against cited literature. The purified ester then underwent Transmission IR spectroscopy using a Diamond ATR device and a refractive index was obtained o ...
THIOALCOHOLS AND DISULFIDES:
THIOALCOHOLS AND DISULFIDES:

... One of the many examples of hydride ion reduction in cells is one of the steps in the metabolism of glucose. Reaction of aldehyde and ketones with alcohols: Alcohols add to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones to form hemiacetals and hemiketals respectively. Hemiacetals contain both an alcoho ...
Functional Groups
Functional Groups

... • –Draw and state names of the compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with the following functional groups: aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide, amine, ester and halogenoalkane. ...
Lecture Resource ()
Lecture Resource ()

... Secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 reactions with hydrogen halides ...
Hein and Arena
Hein and Arena

... IUPAC names vs. common names of aldehydes and ketones: ...
5.3 Note Outline
5.3 Note Outline

... Organic compounds always contain carbon, and almost always contain hydrogen as well. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon. Organic compounds may, or may not, come from living organisms. Carbon is what they all have in common. ...
Quick Index Quick Index
Quick Index Quick Index

... Strong base, poor nucleophile ...
10. Alkyl Halides - Clayton State University
10. Alkyl Halides - Clayton State University

... density at carbon (as more electronegative atoms replace hydrogen or carbon) Oxidation: break C–H (or (C–C) and form C–O, C–N, C–X ...
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015

... Similar reaction with Br2/H2O gives only anti addition of “BrOH” ...
Kinetics of the Selective Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Single
Kinetics of the Selective Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Single

... electron w ithdraw ing diazonium salts, w here metallic nanotubes are preferentially functionalised due to their higher electron density at the Fermi level.1 Since this reaction requires the nanotubes to be individualised, it is usually carried out in a surfactant stabilised dispersion. Despite the ...
Chapter 23 Functional Groups
Chapter 23 Functional Groups

... –many that were isolated from fats are called fatty acids ...
Exp`t 70
Exp`t 70

슬라이드 1
슬라이드 1

... Mixed copper-magnesium reagents analogous to the lithium cuprates can be prepared. These compounds are often called Normant reagents. The reagents undergo addition to terminal alkynes to generate alkenylcopper reagents. The addition is stereospecifically syn. ...
Assignment_6_solution
Assignment_6_solution

... Points to remember; • Follow only one counting method initially. Easier one is neutral atom counting method although more realistic is oxidation count method. • Note that square planar late transition metal compounds and titanium group metals may show 16 electron stability as well • All carbon based ...
Chapter 6: Alkynes, reactions of alkynes, and multistep synthesis
Chapter 6: Alkynes, reactions of alkynes, and multistep synthesis

... 1. name like alkenes, but no cis/trans or E/Z 2. find longest chain containing funct. grp and # so funct grp # smallest 3. if 2 triple bonds, diyne a. if 3 trple bonds, triyne b. if 4, tetrayne, then pentayne, hexayne, heptayne, etc 4. with number (#) as prefix a. funct grp has priority with numberi ...
National 5 Whole Course Revision Questions Unit 1 Chemical
National 5 Whole Course Revision Questions Unit 1 Chemical

... 500 cm3 water. 25. Write a balanced formula equation for the reaction of lithium and water. 26. What is the pH range for alkaline solutions? 27. Which ion is present in all acids? 28. Write a balanced formula equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid. 29. Rewrite this as an i ...
In the preparation of the esters given in this experiment
In the preparation of the esters given in this experiment

... 22. Give the structure and names of five alkenes having the molecular formula C6H12 that produce hexane on catalytic hydrogenation. 23. In an unsymmetrical alkene, the boron atom adds predominantly to the least substituted carbon atom. For example, 2-methyl-2-butene gives the products indicated in y ...
Slide 1 - Mrs. Reed Science Classes
Slide 1 - Mrs. Reed Science Classes

... percentage yield of magnesium chloride if 100. g of magnesium react with excess hydrochloric acid to yield 330. g of magnesium chloride. a. 71.8% c. 81.6% b. 74.3% d. 84.2% ...
Atomic number or proton number is the total number of protons in
Atomic number or proton number is the total number of protons in

... Disproportionation is simultaneous oxidation and reduction of one species in a chemical reaction. Metallic bond is the electrostatic attractions between the positive ions and a ‘sea’ of delocalised valence electrons surrouding the positive ions. Ionic bond is the attraction between the oppositely ch ...
NSF-Nugget
NSF-Nugget

... interesting coordination chemistry when this ligand as a whole is added onto a metal complex. With a sterically bulky ligand, like 3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, ample shielding around the metal atom in the complex is provided and thus makes way for a more stable molecule. In the case of the ...
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Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
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