1-16 polymers
... relates to the strong C-C bonding. They are unreactive in the same way that alkanes are. The forces between the long chains are weak, which allow the chains to slide over one another. This allows polyethylene to be flexible. An increase in temperature will also increase flexibility. Above about 110° ...
... relates to the strong C-C bonding. They are unreactive in the same way that alkanes are. The forces between the long chains are weak, which allow the chains to slide over one another. This allows polyethylene to be flexible. An increase in temperature will also increase flexibility. Above about 110° ...
File
... Boiling points increase. The alcohols are all primary and hydrogen bond, the only difference is in the length of the carbon chain. The longer the carbon chain the more weak intermolecular forces between the compounds (b) ...
... Boiling points increase. The alcohols are all primary and hydrogen bond, the only difference is in the length of the carbon chain. The longer the carbon chain the more weak intermolecular forces between the compounds (b) ...
Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemistry
... of catalysts were already used for petrochemistry and it was here a simple transposition without optimization to that new applications. We can notice at this period the emergence of pioneer works related to organometallic chemistry i.e. the study and reactivity of organometallic complexes with diffe ...
... of catalysts were already used for petrochemistry and it was here a simple transposition without optimization to that new applications. We can notice at this period the emergence of pioneer works related to organometallic chemistry i.e. the study and reactivity of organometallic complexes with diffe ...
No Slide Title
... provides a way of differentiating between aldehydes and ketones mild oxidising agents are best aldehydes are easier to oxidise powerful oxidising agents oxidise ketones to a mixture of carboxylic acids ...
... provides a way of differentiating between aldehydes and ketones mild oxidising agents are best aldehydes are easier to oxidise powerful oxidising agents oxidise ketones to a mixture of carboxylic acids ...
H - Knockhardy
... provides a way of differentiating between aldehydes and ketones mild oxidising agents are best aldehydes are easier to oxidise powerful oxidising agents oxidise ketones to a mixture of carboxylic acids ...
... provides a way of differentiating between aldehydes and ketones mild oxidising agents are best aldehydes are easier to oxidise powerful oxidising agents oxidise ketones to a mixture of carboxylic acids ...
Organic Chemistry Notes
... I.2.4 Why all the Organic Chemistry? We’re Engineers! There are several reasons we need to become more familiar with compounds. One reason is that engineers need to know what they are burning. Another reason is to better understand the impact of products of combustion. The photochemical smog mechan ...
... I.2.4 Why all the Organic Chemistry? We’re Engineers! There are several reasons we need to become more familiar with compounds. One reason is that engineers need to know what they are burning. Another reason is to better understand the impact of products of combustion. The photochemical smog mechan ...
Chapter 6
... In substituted alkanes, the carbon attached to the substituent is always approximately sp3 hybridized, but due to the unsymmetrical nature of the carbon (there are not 4 identical substituents on the carbon due to the substituent) the geometry is not a perfect tetrahedral ...
... In substituted alkanes, the carbon attached to the substituent is always approximately sp3 hybridized, but due to the unsymmetrical nature of the carbon (there are not 4 identical substituents on the carbon due to the substituent) the geometry is not a perfect tetrahedral ...
File
... Thus there are two effects of increasing temperature: greater collision intensity and more frequent collisions. Activation Energy -minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place. A higher temp, a greater fraction of the molecules have KE > = the Ea. So this just says to have a reaction you need ...
... Thus there are two effects of increasing temperature: greater collision intensity and more frequent collisions. Activation Energy -minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place. A higher temp, a greater fraction of the molecules have KE > = the Ea. So this just says to have a reaction you need ...
Microbial Ecology of Anaerobic Digesters
... Hydrolysis • During hydrolysis of the polymerized, mostly insoluble organic compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, these large molecules are decomposed into soluble monomers and dimers, that is, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and alcohols. • This is accomplished through enzyme ...
... Hydrolysis • During hydrolysis of the polymerized, mostly insoluble organic compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, these large molecules are decomposed into soluble monomers and dimers, that is, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and alcohols. • This is accomplished through enzyme ...
Microbial Ecology of Anaerobic Digesters
... Hydrolysis • During hydrolysis of the polymerized, mostly insoluble organic compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, these large molecules are decomposed into soluble monomers and dimers, that is, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and alcohols. • This is accomplished through enzyme ...
... Hydrolysis • During hydrolysis of the polymerized, mostly insoluble organic compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, these large molecules are decomposed into soluble monomers and dimers, that is, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and alcohols. • This is accomplished through enzyme ...
cis-trans
... Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alkane, meaning that all the carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds. The parent hydrocarbon is pentane, indicating five C atoms (Table 25.1). ...
... Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alkane, meaning that all the carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds. The parent hydrocarbon is pentane, indicating five C atoms (Table 25.1). ...
Experiment 9
... - Dissolve the product in dichloromethane (2 cm 3) and transfer the resulting solution by dropping pipette to a small sample vial. - Very carefully, add diethyl ether (12-15 cm3) in such a way that two layers form. NOTE: The best way to do this is to add the diethyl ether from a dropping pipette, a ...
... - Dissolve the product in dichloromethane (2 cm 3) and transfer the resulting solution by dropping pipette to a small sample vial. - Very carefully, add diethyl ether (12-15 cm3) in such a way that two layers form. NOTE: The best way to do this is to add the diethyl ether from a dropping pipette, a ...
Worked out problems
... Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alkane, meaning that all the carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds. The parent hydrocarbon is pentane, indicating five C atoms (Table 25.1). ...
... Analyze: We are given the systematic name for a hydrocarbon and asked to write its structural formula. Plan: Because the compound’s name ends in -ane, it is an alkane, meaning that all the carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds. The parent hydrocarbon is pentane, indicating five C atoms (Table 25.1). ...
Class Notes
... Most of the world is water based. (70% of the Earth’s surface is water. 66% of the human body is water.) Also, when reacting ionic compounds, they are more easily mixed in an aqueous form than in their natural solid state. Therefore, it makes sense that many reactions take place in aqueous environme ...
... Most of the world is water based. (70% of the Earth’s surface is water. 66% of the human body is water.) Also, when reacting ionic compounds, they are more easily mixed in an aqueous form than in their natural solid state. Therefore, it makes sense that many reactions take place in aqueous environme ...
alcohol
... In the body, similar oxidation are accomplished by enzymes, together with rather complex coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+. This reaction takes place in the liver and is a key step in the body’s attempt to rid itself of imbibed alcohol. The resulting acetaldehyde is also toxic ...
... In the body, similar oxidation are accomplished by enzymes, together with rather complex coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+. This reaction takes place in the liver and is a key step in the body’s attempt to rid itself of imbibed alcohol. The resulting acetaldehyde is also toxic ...
Ch 24 Part 2 PowerPoint
... We apply Hund’s rule to the 2 sets of 5 d-orbitals. The first three e-’s go into different d orbitals with their spins parallel. We have a choice for the placement of the fourth electron: if it goes into a higher energy orbital, then there is an energy cost associated with promotion (D); i ...
... We apply Hund’s rule to the 2 sets of 5 d-orbitals. The first three e-’s go into different d orbitals with their spins parallel. We have a choice for the placement of the fourth electron: if it goes into a higher energy orbital, then there is an energy cost associated with promotion (D); i ...
Preparation of Alkyl Halides
... In the first example, 30% of primary halide means that each one of the six primary hydrogens (CH3) is responsible for 30%/6 = 5% of product, whereas 70% of secondary alkyl halide means that each one of the four secondary hydrogens (CH2) is responsible for 70%/4 = 17.5% of the product. Hence, chlorin ...
... In the first example, 30% of primary halide means that each one of the six primary hydrogens (CH3) is responsible for 30%/6 = 5% of product, whereas 70% of secondary alkyl halide means that each one of the four secondary hydrogens (CH2) is responsible for 70%/4 = 17.5% of the product. Hence, chlorin ...
Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 14 – Ethers
... followed by the word "ether"; for example, methyl propyl ether. If the two substituents are the same, use “di”; for example, diethyl ether. ...
... followed by the word "ether"; for example, methyl propyl ether. If the two substituents are the same, use “di”; for example, diethyl ether. ...
Grant MacEwan College - Faculty Web Pages
... Description: This is the second course in organic chemistry. The topics covered include structural and chemical properties of alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aromatic compounds. Aldehyde, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Illustration of these functiona ...
... Description: This is the second course in organic chemistry. The topics covered include structural and chemical properties of alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aromatic compounds. Aldehyde, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Illustration of these functiona ...
Chapter 20 Carbohydrates
... ◦ The most prevalent forms of D-ribose and other pentoses in the biological world are furanoses. ...
... ◦ The most prevalent forms of D-ribose and other pentoses in the biological world are furanoses. ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.