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Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word

... higher than ambient, and other advantages. 1 Unlike ionic reaction intermediates, however, the growing radical species therein usually suffers from bimolecular termination reactions such as radical recombination and disproportionation. So, the radical polymerization technique is considered unsuitabl ...
Theoretical Study of Gas-Phase Reactions of Fe(CO)5 with OH
Theoretical Study of Gas-Phase Reactions of Fe(CO)5 with OH

... explored for the last stages of this chemical process as a mechanistic alternative to regenerate the starting catalyst. Introduction The water gas shift reaction (WGSR), eq 1, is a key process in the worldwide chemical industry.1 Its importance derives from its role both as a means for enriching the ...
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- kunleoloruntegbe.com

... Alchohol addition: Alkanals, but not alkanones, will give addition reactions with alcohols provided all the reagent are dry, and that Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is used to catalyse the reaction. The most common example of this type of addition is ethanol additing to ethanal. dry CH3CHO + 2C2 H5 OH HCl ...
Lithium in Organic Chemistry
Lithium in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

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Displacement Reactions Between Metal Ions and Nitride Barrier
Displacement Reactions Between Metal Ions and Nitride Barrier

... palladous complex. In addition, the chemical shift in this peak reveals that the original complex bonding might have been interfered with or even replaced by other generated species, e.g., titanium halide. Moreover, BHF was replaced by NaF to eliminate the possible interference from ammonium. The re ...
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Formation of rare earth metal complexes with Zonisamide in
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3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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Oleochemicals from Palm Kernel Oil

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Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition
Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition

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Supercritical Degradation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Supercritical Degradation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

... applications, water piping, building construction and automotive applications (Dholakiya, 2013). However, despite the wide applicability of FR UP composites, such materials become a crucial issue in terms of disposal routes at the end of their life cycle, exclusively because they are insoluble and i ...
Advanced Higher Chemistry Learning Outcomes
Advanced Higher Chemistry Learning Outcomes

... Atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy involve transitions between electronic energy levels in atoms. Generally, the energy differences correspond to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., to the approximate wavelength range of 400-700 nm. Some application ...
STUDIES OF THE LINKAGE AND BONDING OF TRIATOMICS IN
STUDIES OF THE LINKAGE AND BONDING OF TRIATOMICS IN

... common oxidation states) into class a acceptors, which bind most strongly with ligands containing second row elements (0, N, F etc.) as donor atoms, and class b acceptors, which form their most stable complexes with elements in higher periods of the periodic tables (P, S, Cl etc.). Exceptions to thi ...
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The Reaction Mechanism of Silicon
The Reaction Mechanism of Silicon

... ns and 6.8 µs, respectively. (3) The relative probabilities of (solvation through the ethyl moiety):(solvation through the Si-H bond) for the Mn and Re complexes are 5.3 and 3, respectively. The differences are attributed to steric effects. The larger diameter of the rhenium atom allows equivalent s ...
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Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
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