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Slide 1
Slide 1

... – Hydroxyl group—consists of a hydrogen bonded to an oxygen – Carbonyl group—a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom – Carboxyl group—consists of a carbon doublebonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group – Amino group—composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon s ...
BIOLOGY Chapter 3 Test – Chemistry of Life
BIOLOGY Chapter 3 Test – Chemistry of Life

... 17. In water, hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen in one molecule and a. an oxygen atom in the same molecule. b. an oxygen atom in a different molecule. c. a hydrogen atom in the same molecule. d. a hydrogen atom in a different molecule. 18. Water is polar because a. it is a covalent molecular ...
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Powerpoint File - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites

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Organic Chemistry I: Contents

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Homoaromaticity



Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.
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