Alpha-beta and Gamma Rhythms Subserve Feedback and
... al., 2008), further analyses use the data from 0.365 s after stimulus onset up to the stimulus change, segmented into non-overlapping 0.365 s epochs (see Experimental Procedures). Induced gamma power change estimated at the level of the cortical sheet revealed an occipital peak extending into pariet ...
... al., 2008), further analyses use the data from 0.365 s after stimulus onset up to the stimulus change, segmented into non-overlapping 0.365 s epochs (see Experimental Procedures). Induced gamma power change estimated at the level of the cortical sheet revealed an occipital peak extending into pariet ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
Effort and Valuation in the Brain
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
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... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
Can Oxytocin function as an antidepressant?
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... suggests that the APC is important for the processing of simple somatosensory features related to both the stimulus and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of per ...
... suggests that the APC is important for the processing of simple somatosensory features related to both the stimulus and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of per ...
Autism: A Review of Biological Bases, Assessment, and
... of autism cases (Canitano, Luchetti, & Zappella, 2005). The prevalence of seizures in ASDs appears to vary with age, cognitive ability, and the extent of neurological impairment. Age of seizure appearance is bimodal, with a peak in early childhood and another in adolescence (Volkmar & Nelson, 1990). ...
... of autism cases (Canitano, Luchetti, & Zappella, 2005). The prevalence of seizures in ASDs appears to vary with age, cognitive ability, and the extent of neurological impairment. Age of seizure appearance is bimodal, with a peak in early childhood and another in adolescence (Volkmar & Nelson, 1990). ...
Experimental heart failure causes depression
... artery, including anhedonia (i.e., decreased sucrose intake) and behavioral despair (i.e., increased immobility in the forced swim test); both could be reversed by antidepressant treatment (Wann et al., 2007, 2009; Bah et al., 2011). However, these studies lack long term observation and might have b ...
... artery, including anhedonia (i.e., decreased sucrose intake) and behavioral despair (i.e., increased immobility in the forced swim test); both could be reversed by antidepressant treatment (Wann et al., 2007, 2009; Bah et al., 2011). However, these studies lack long term observation and might have b ...
Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound
... activity causes fluctuations of the blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signal, which can then be visualized using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). The fact that these brain regions consistently show a decrease in activity during task performance and an increase during fixatio ...
... activity causes fluctuations of the blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signal, which can then be visualized using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). The fact that these brain regions consistently show a decrease in activity during task performance and an increase during fixatio ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... on frontal alpha lateral asymmetry (Davidson, et al., 2003b). EEG was recorded in subjects randomly assigned to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or to no-treatment control during rest and during negative and positive mood induction conditions (writing about a very unhappy or happy life-i ...
... on frontal alpha lateral asymmetry (Davidson, et al., 2003b). EEG was recorded in subjects randomly assigned to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or to no-treatment control during rest and during negative and positive mood induction conditions (writing about a very unhappy or happy life-i ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... The brain is a complex and intricately formed part of the human body. It enables people to perform a multitude of diverse actions daily. The brain is the command center of the body, analyzing and synthesizing sensory information to make and carry out decisions. One of these senses which is vital to ...
... The brain is a complex and intricately formed part of the human body. It enables people to perform a multitude of diverse actions daily. The brain is the command center of the body, analyzing and synthesizing sensory information to make and carry out decisions. One of these senses which is vital to ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... control states, activations have often been found in prefrontal areas (Guo and Pagnoni 2008; Jevning et al. 1996; Lazar et al. 2000; Newberg et al. 2003; Pardo et al. 1991)—in some cases more specifically located in the dorso–lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; Baron Short et al. 2007; Newberg et al. ...
... control states, activations have often been found in prefrontal areas (Guo and Pagnoni 2008; Jevning et al. 1996; Lazar et al. 2000; Newberg et al. 2003; Pardo et al. 1991)—in some cases more specifically located in the dorso–lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; Baron Short et al. 2007; Newberg et al. ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... cholesterol metabolism in the brain contributes to several neurodegenerative diseases including Niemann–Pick disease type C, Huntington’s disease, and AD (Pfrieger, 2003; Valenza et al., 2005). Interestingly, a reduction of brain cholesterol levels is observed in the brains of AD patients (Vance et ...
... cholesterol metabolism in the brain contributes to several neurodegenerative diseases including Niemann–Pick disease type C, Huntington’s disease, and AD (Pfrieger, 2003; Valenza et al., 2005). Interestingly, a reduction of brain cholesterol levels is observed in the brains of AD patients (Vance et ...
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... purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of one such drug, GSK249320, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the axon outgrowth inhibition molecule, myelin-associated glycoprotein, to facilitate recovery of motor skills in a nonhuman primate model of ischemic cortical damage. Methods—Using a betwee ...
... purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of one such drug, GSK249320, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the axon outgrowth inhibition molecule, myelin-associated glycoprotein, to facilitate recovery of motor skills in a nonhuman primate model of ischemic cortical damage. Methods—Using a betwee ...
Chapter 14 - Brain and Spinal Cord
... An Introduction to the Brain and Cranial Nerves The Adult Human Brain Ranges from 750 cc to 2100 cc Contains almost 97% of the body’s neural tissue Average weight about 1.4 kg (3 lb) Male brains are typically larger but there is no correlation between brain size and intelligence. ...
... An Introduction to the Brain and Cranial Nerves The Adult Human Brain Ranges from 750 cc to 2100 cc Contains almost 97% of the body’s neural tissue Average weight about 1.4 kg (3 lb) Male brains are typically larger but there is no correlation between brain size and intelligence. ...
Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... A number of cortical and subcortical brain regions have been implicated in reward processes (see Figure 1). An influential early contribution to the field of affective neuroscience came from electrophysiology studies in the 1950s. Using intracranial electrodes, Olds and Milner (1954) found evidence ...
... A number of cortical and subcortical brain regions have been implicated in reward processes (see Figure 1). An influential early contribution to the field of affective neuroscience came from electrophysiology studies in the 1950s. Using intracranial electrodes, Olds and Milner (1954) found evidence ...
PLoS ONE-3
... Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) with male rats in the prone position. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, and neurochemical studies were ...
... Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) with male rats in the prone position. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, and neurochemical studies were ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... about how his behavior is perceived, realized and experienced by another person. Thereby, feedback includes information about the results, effects and consequences which may be useful if someone has to do appropriate adjustments of his own behavior. With regard to aging it is important to know if bo ...
... about how his behavior is perceived, realized and experienced by another person. Thereby, feedback includes information about the results, effects and consequences which may be useful if someone has to do appropriate adjustments of his own behavior. With regard to aging it is important to know if bo ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
Chapter 1
... Research on Infant Memory • Even the latest technologies don’t enable researchers to make out fine details in brain imaging of babies, and they often can’t be used with babies. • Charles Nelson is pioneering informative infantbrain research using 128 electrodes attached to babies’ scalps. • Nelson h ...
... Research on Infant Memory • Even the latest technologies don’t enable researchers to make out fine details in brain imaging of babies, and they often can’t be used with babies. • Charles Nelson is pioneering informative infantbrain research using 128 electrodes attached to babies’ scalps. • Nelson h ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...