Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
PPT
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some account of how the representations get their representational content. In some cases, such expla ...
... carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some account of how the representations get their representational content. In some cases, such expla ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
... broadens. Its caudal end is half way through a series of transverse sections of the cerebrum. Those investigators who have identified functional cortical areas exclusively on the basis of cell studies might have made their analogies better if they had given more attention to connections. The extent ...
Progressive Mitochondrial Compromise in Brains
... Taken together, these findings suggest that long-term follow-up of infants exposed in utero to NRTIs, and development of relevant experimental models, should be given high priority. To this end, we have used retrovirus-free Erythrocebus patas monkeys as a model for NRTI exposure in human pregnancy. ...
... Taken together, these findings suggest that long-term follow-up of infants exposed in utero to NRTIs, and development of relevant experimental models, should be given high priority. To this end, we have used retrovirus-free Erythrocebus patas monkeys as a model for NRTI exposure in human pregnancy. ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... 1997). Although much of this action occurs in response to immune activation, there is growing evidence to suggest that peripheral TNF-α and other peripheral cytokines may exert neuromodulatory actions in healthy individuals under noninflammatory (i.e., immune “normal”) conditions—for example, regula ...
... 1997). Although much of this action occurs in response to immune activation, there is growing evidence to suggest that peripheral TNF-α and other peripheral cytokines may exert neuromodulatory actions in healthy individuals under noninflammatory (i.e., immune “normal”) conditions—for example, regula ...
lmmunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C lsozymes in
... pretreated with their correspondingtypes of PKC isozyme and no longer gave positive signalsagainst 50 ng of the purified isozyme by immunoblot analysis. Regional distribution of PKC isozymesin rat brain All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In ...
... pretreated with their correspondingtypes of PKC isozyme and no longer gave positive signalsagainst 50 ng of the purified isozyme by immunoblot analysis. Regional distribution of PKC isozymesin rat brain All PKC immunoreactivities were widely distributed throughout the various regionsof rat brain. In ...
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
... Marsh et al., 2006; Bell and Deater-Deckard, 2007; YurgelunTodd, 2007) is to compare brain activation in adolescents and adults when emotion processing is unconstrained as compared with when it is under cognitive control. Studies in healthy adults (Critchley et al., 2000; Hariri et al., 2000; Gorno- ...
... Marsh et al., 2006; Bell and Deater-Deckard, 2007; YurgelunTodd, 2007) is to compare brain activation in adolescents and adults when emotion processing is unconstrained as compared with when it is under cognitive control. Studies in healthy adults (Critchley et al., 2000; Hariri et al., 2000; Gorno- ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... Autism is a dynamic neurodevelopmental syndrome in which disabilities emerge during the first three postnatal years and continue to evolve with ongoing development. We briefly review research in autism describing subtle changes in molecules important in brain development and neurotransmission, in mo ...
... Autism is a dynamic neurodevelopmental syndrome in which disabilities emerge during the first three postnatal years and continue to evolve with ongoing development. We briefly review research in autism describing subtle changes in molecules important in brain development and neurotransmission, in mo ...
Manuscript_text
... models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adr ...
... models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adr ...
PDF file
... TCM can emulate any complex AFA. In other words, a TCM can abstract as well as any SN. This seems the first theoretical work that proves that an emergent network (TCM) can perform abstraction at least as powerful as SNs. Such a departure from symbolic models seems to be also useful for understanding ...
... TCM can emulate any complex AFA. In other words, a TCM can abstract as well as any SN. This seems the first theoretical work that proves that an emergent network (TCM) can perform abstraction at least as powerful as SNs. Such a departure from symbolic models seems to be also useful for understanding ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... Mice carrying mutations in specificgenesoften exhibit a phenotype that bearsan obvious resemblenceto humanscarrying homologousmutations, but, in other casesthe mice display a phenotype that is quite different from that observed in the human (Erickson, 1989;Darling and Abbott, 1992).In fact, several ...
... Mice carrying mutations in specificgenesoften exhibit a phenotype that bearsan obvious resemblenceto humanscarrying homologousmutations, but, in other casesthe mice display a phenotype that is quite different from that observed in the human (Erickson, 1989;Darling and Abbott, 1992).In fact, several ...
Sample
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
... Objective: 2.3 Explain how neural impulses work. 20) If a neuron only fires at full strength how is it possible for us to perceive the difference between a weak stimulus and a strong stimulus? a. It is the number of neurons firing that determines this. Correct: A perception is never determined by on ...
Isn`t it ironic? Neural Correlates of Irony Comprehension in
... To our knowledge, no fMRI studies on irony comprehension in schizophrenia have been reported. The aim of this work is to provide the first insights into the functional neuroanatomy of irony comprehension in schizophrenia using fMRI. Our hypotheses for activation abnormalities in schizophrenia are ba ...
... To our knowledge, no fMRI studies on irony comprehension in schizophrenia have been reported. The aim of this work is to provide the first insights into the functional neuroanatomy of irony comprehension in schizophrenia using fMRI. Our hypotheses for activation abnormalities in schizophrenia are ba ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... 3 to 15 h of embryonic development but not later. The RC transcript is observed weakly at 0–3 h but then strongly at all stages of embryonic and postembryonic development. These results closely match Northern blot and RNA-Seq experiments (Crews et al., 1988; Graveley et al., 2011). sim is expressed ...
... 3 to 15 h of embryonic development but not later. The RC transcript is observed weakly at 0–3 h but then strongly at all stages of embryonic and postembryonic development. These results closely match Northern blot and RNA-Seq experiments (Crews et al., 1988; Graveley et al., 2011). sim is expressed ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS, Lord, 1999), administered by trained research personnel who had previously established interrater reliability. Individuals with autismrelated medical conditions (e.g. Fragile-X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis) and other known risk factors (e.g. premature birth) we ...
... Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS, Lord, 1999), administered by trained research personnel who had previously established interrater reliability. Individuals with autismrelated medical conditions (e.g. Fragile-X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis) and other known risk factors (e.g. premature birth) we ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... Extensive attention has been given to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in nociception, pain modulation and perception by researchers and clinicians around the world. At the present time, however, the implications of the central nervous system (CNS), especially supra-spinal mechanisms, in ...
... Extensive attention has been given to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in nociception, pain modulation and perception by researchers and clinicians around the world. At the present time, however, the implications of the central nervous system (CNS), especially supra-spinal mechanisms, in ...
PDF - Kalina Christoff
... the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry (Nutt, 2014; Nutt, King, & Nichols, ...
... the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry (Nutt, 2014; Nutt, King, & Nichols, ...
Ping-An Li, Ashfaq Shuaib, Hiro Miyashita, Qing
... excitatory amino acids and whether such increases correlate with the histopathological outcome. Methods—Rats fasted overnight were infused with either glucose or saline 45 minutes before the induction of 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. Extracellular glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, alanine, ...
... excitatory amino acids and whether such increases correlate with the histopathological outcome. Methods—Rats fasted overnight were infused with either glucose or saline 45 minutes before the induction of 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. Extracellular glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, alanine, ...
body proportions in infancy and early childhood
... • A process in which neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other • Peaks in different brain regions at different ages • Transient exuberance – the explosion in connections in the early years of life – The brain makes more connections than it needs in preparation to receive any ...
... • A process in which neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other • Peaks in different brain regions at different ages • Transient exuberance – the explosion in connections in the early years of life – The brain makes more connections than it needs in preparation to receive any ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in dual phosphorylation (p-p38 MAPK) at threonine180 and tyrosine182 sites, protein expression, and cellular distribution of p-p38 MAPK ...
... injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in dual phosphorylation (p-p38 MAPK) at threonine180 and tyrosine182 sites, protein expression, and cellular distribution of p-p38 MAPK ...