Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... reward. Under the second behavioral condition (see Fig. 1B, fully cued trials), a different set of instruction cues indicated both the behavioral tactics and future actions. An instruction cue illuminated one of the spatial target pair. If illuminated with cyan, it meant a future reach toward the il ...
... reward. Under the second behavioral condition (see Fig. 1B, fully cued trials), a different set of instruction cues indicated both the behavioral tactics and future actions. An instruction cue illuminated one of the spatial target pair. If illuminated with cyan, it meant a future reach toward the il ...
LESSON 2.3 WORKBOOK How fast do our neurons signal?
... taken from one of the studies on which that statement is based. Remember, grey matter is where neurons connect with each other and white matter is where the myelinated axons are. The study Figure 21: Loss of grey matter and gain of white analyzed changes in grey matter relative to white matter from ...
... taken from one of the studies on which that statement is based. Remember, grey matter is where neurons connect with each other and white matter is where the myelinated axons are. The study Figure 21: Loss of grey matter and gain of white analyzed changes in grey matter relative to white matter from ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area: Targets of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Output Dalila Akkal,2 Richard P. Dum,2 and Peter L. Strick1,2,3 1Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and Department of Neurobiology, and 3Department of ...
... Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area: Targets of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Output Dalila Akkal,2 Richard P. Dum,2 and Peter L. Strick1,2,3 1Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and Department of Neurobiology, and 3Department of ...
A Formal Model for Procedural Texts and its Use in Textual Integration
... reaching a goal, based on arguments. This leads us to investigate measures of instructions complexity and expliciteness. The second part of the paper is an experiment showing how complexity and expliciteness can be dealt with in order to guarantee a higher success rate to the procedure using textual ...
... reaching a goal, based on arguments. This leads us to investigate measures of instructions complexity and expliciteness. The second part of the paper is an experiment showing how complexity and expliciteness can be dealt with in order to guarantee a higher success rate to the procedure using textual ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
Heading: Sensory Deprivation in Humans, Mice, and History Caleb B. Carson Running Head: Sensory Deprivation
... innervated hair follicle, and by having an identifiable representation in the somatosensory cortex of the brain. They are specialized for tactile sensing acting much like skin or feelers. What however makes them different from other hairs and are they different at all? There are numerous differen ...
... innervated hair follicle, and by having an identifiable representation in the somatosensory cortex of the brain. They are specialized for tactile sensing acting much like skin or feelers. What however makes them different from other hairs and are they different at all? There are numerous differen ...
~ Pergamon
... area PAll, and the third category included all dysgranular areas. Agranular and dysgranular association cortices are collectively called limbic. The following three categories included eulaminate areas, which have six layers, but nevertheless show small differences in laminar distinction. They were ...
... area PAll, and the third category included all dysgranular areas. Agranular and dysgranular association cortices are collectively called limbic. The following three categories included eulaminate areas, which have six layers, but nevertheless show small differences in laminar distinction. They were ...
Schema Theory
... but does not influence, the transition in the transport phase. However, data show that when the hand has unexpectedly to open wider (if object size is increased during reach) transport slows by about 200 msec, but if target location is perturbed, the hand temporarily closes so that maximum aperture ...
... but does not influence, the transition in the transport phase. However, data show that when the hand has unexpectedly to open wider (if object size is increased during reach) transport slows by about 200 msec, but if target location is perturbed, the hand temporarily closes so that maximum aperture ...
Brainstem (II)
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline as pa ...
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline as pa ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... activity is altered when the goals of the task are rewards. Activity related to information processing during delays between instruction cues and manual responses can be altered if the cues also signal the level of reward to be expected (Leon and Shadlen, 1999; Ramnani and Miall, 2003). Neuronal act ...
... activity is altered when the goals of the task are rewards. Activity related to information processing during delays between instruction cues and manual responses can be altered if the cues also signal the level of reward to be expected (Leon and Shadlen, 1999; Ramnani and Miall, 2003). Neuronal act ...
String Art: Axon Tracts in the Spinal Cord Spinal reflex arcs
... Sensory axons* originate in proprioceptive organs such as muscle spindle or golgi tendon organ Cell bodies of 1o sensory neurons Axons ascend in cuneate fasciculus Axons ascend in cuneate fasciculus Axons synapse with 2o neurons in accessory cuneate nucleus. Axons from these 2o neurons pass through ...
... Sensory axons* originate in proprioceptive organs such as muscle spindle or golgi tendon organ Cell bodies of 1o sensory neurons Axons ascend in cuneate fasciculus Axons ascend in cuneate fasciculus Axons synapse with 2o neurons in accessory cuneate nucleus. Axons from these 2o neurons pass through ...
The Problem of Logical-Form Equivalence
... of logical-form equivalence relies on the distinction between a language-free reasoner and a language-sensitive generator. If, as is often proposed, this distinction should be eliminated, then the problem of logical-form equivalence disappears. However, the single-component approach to generation do ...
... of logical-form equivalence relies on the distinction between a language-free reasoner and a language-sensitive generator. If, as is often proposed, this distinction should be eliminated, then the problem of logical-form equivalence disappears. However, the single-component approach to generation do ...
What is Nervous System Fatigue and How do I Prevent it
... Central nervous system (CNS) fatigue is neural fatigue originating in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, or spinal nerves. The exact mechanism for CNS fatigue remains largely unknown but it appears that acute CNS fatigue may occur as a result of decreased reflex sensitivity and / or less than optim ...
... Central nervous system (CNS) fatigue is neural fatigue originating in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, or spinal nerves. The exact mechanism for CNS fatigue remains largely unknown but it appears that acute CNS fatigue may occur as a result of decreased reflex sensitivity and / or less than optim ...
14. Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... anterior ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as “mixed nerves.” Posterior rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sen ...
... anterior ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as “mixed nerves.” Posterior rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sen ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... the lever pressing by rats appeared to be no longer sensitive to devaluation. This was consistent with the view that R–O learning dominated performance early after acquisition but gave way to an S–R process, as performance became more routine or habitual (see also Dickinson, 1994; Dickinson et al, 1 ...
... the lever pressing by rats appeared to be no longer sensitive to devaluation. This was consistent with the view that R–O learning dominated performance early after acquisition but gave way to an S–R process, as performance became more routine or habitual (see also Dickinson, 1994; Dickinson et al, 1 ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Anterior gray horns: contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns: are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei ...
... Anterior gray horns: contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns: are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Anterior gray horns: contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns: are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei ...
... Anterior gray horns: contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns: are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... contains: (1) a single type of efferent neuron, the Purkinje cells (PCs), which are inhibitory and project to the cerebellar nucleus (CN) and to the vestibular nucleus; and (2) five main classes of interneuron, three of which are inhibitory (stellate cells, basket cells, and Golgi cells) and two are ...
... contains: (1) a single type of efferent neuron, the Purkinje cells (PCs), which are inhibitory and project to the cerebellar nucleus (CN) and to the vestibular nucleus; and (2) five main classes of interneuron, three of which are inhibitory (stellate cells, basket cells, and Golgi cells) and two are ...
Columbia`s psychology
... patient and matched comparison groups across multiple brain regions. We included the studies that contrasted a negative emotional condition with neutral or positive emotional conditions or a resting baseline. Only PTSD (6–8, 21–32), social anxiety disorder (9–14, 44, 45), specific phobia (15–18, 33, ...
... patient and matched comparison groups across multiple brain regions. We included the studies that contrasted a negative emotional condition with neutral or positive emotional conditions or a resting baseline. Only PTSD (6–8, 21–32), social anxiety disorder (9–14, 44, 45), specific phobia (15–18, 33, ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... have a bilateral corticospinal termination pattern in maturity (Coonan and others 2001; Kullander and others 2001; Yokoyama and others 2001). Ephrin B or ephA4 expression may be developmentally regulated in the cord to prevent re-crossing at certain times during development or by particular corticos ...
... have a bilateral corticospinal termination pattern in maturity (Coonan and others 2001; Kullander and others 2001; Yokoyama and others 2001). Ephrin B or ephA4 expression may be developmentally regulated in the cord to prevent re-crossing at certain times during development or by particular corticos ...
PDF Mynark - American Kinesiology Association
... Schmidt, 1962a, 1962b; Eccles, Schmidt, & Willis, 1962c) were instrumental in identifying and defining the effects of presynaptic inhibition. Eccles et al. (1962c) examined monosynaptic reflex spike potentials from the ventral roots of anaesthetized cats, and also monitored afferent volleys as they ...
... Schmidt, 1962a, 1962b; Eccles, Schmidt, & Willis, 1962c) were instrumental in identifying and defining the effects of presynaptic inhibition. Eccles et al. (1962c) examined monosynaptic reflex spike potentials from the ventral roots of anaesthetized cats, and also monitored afferent volleys as they ...
Knowledge Representation and Inference Models
... Fundamental Task By “textually entailed” we mean: most people would agree that one sentence implies the other. (more later) ...
... Fundamental Task By “textually entailed” we mean: most people would agree that one sentence implies the other. (more later) ...
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to
... commands to control body position in space (Massion, 1994; Mergner & Rosemeier, 1998). This provides a basis for all interactions involving perception and action with respect to the external world and is likely to be partly genetically determined and partly acquired through ongoing experiential lear ...
... commands to control body position in space (Massion, 1994; Mergner & Rosemeier, 1998). This provides a basis for all interactions involving perception and action with respect to the external world and is likely to be partly genetically determined and partly acquired through ongoing experiential lear ...
Heuristics, Planning and Cognition
... developed more fully in recent planning research. The resulting domain-independent planners are not as efficient as specialized solvers but are more general, and thus, behave in a way that is closer to people. Moreover, the resulting evaluation functions often enable the solution of problems with al ...
... developed more fully in recent planning research. The resulting domain-independent planners are not as efficient as specialized solvers but are more general, and thus, behave in a way that is closer to people. Moreover, the resulting evaluation functions often enable the solution of problems with al ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... from recent human imaging studies [34,35,36]. In one study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Ano ...
... from recent human imaging studies [34,35,36]. In one study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Ano ...