i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... I would like to begin by thanking Peter Strick for being an amazing advisor. I have learned a great deal under his guidance and he has helped me grow both as a scientist and as a person. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Rob Turner, Julie Fiez, Linda Rinaman and Da ...
... I would like to begin by thanking Peter Strick for being an amazing advisor. I have learned a great deal under his guidance and he has helped me grow both as a scientist and as a person. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Rob Turner, Julie Fiez, Linda Rinaman and Da ...
Proprioception: - e
... tissues, such as ligaments and capsules, and also from those receptors located in extraarticular tissues, such as tendons and muscles [16,18]. Neuropathies, most notably diabetic neuropathy, can cause also significant loss of proprioception [19]. Proprioception has also shown decrease with age [1,13 ...
... tissues, such as ligaments and capsules, and also from those receptors located in extraarticular tissues, such as tendons and muscles [16,18]. Neuropathies, most notably diabetic neuropathy, can cause also significant loss of proprioception [19]. Proprioception has also shown decrease with age [1,13 ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... is limited. In other words, electrical brain stimulation can help to delimit the neural vocalization network as a whole; it cannot identify, however, the modal points of the system, that is, the sites at which processing of vocalization takes place. A more specific approach than electrical stimulati ...
... is limited. In other words, electrical brain stimulation can help to delimit the neural vocalization network as a whole; it cannot identify, however, the modal points of the system, that is, the sites at which processing of vocalization takes place. A more specific approach than electrical stimulati ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Spike sorting. Template matching was used to perform spike sorting as described previously (Sokoloff et al. 2015b). For RN recordings, we distinguished between simple and complex spikes (Del Rio-Bermudez et al. 2015; Lisman 1997). As defined by Lisman (1997), a “complex spike” is composed of a burst ...
... Spike sorting. Template matching was used to perform spike sorting as described previously (Sokoloff et al. 2015b). For RN recordings, we distinguished between simple and complex spikes (Del Rio-Bermudez et al. 2015; Lisman 1997). As defined by Lisman (1997), a “complex spike” is composed of a burst ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... typically experiences reduced blood flow and is termed the penumbra1,4 (FIG. 1). The penumbra is also defined as the region of perfusion–diffusion mismatch by mrI imaging, in which blood flow might be reduced but infarct-related diffusion signals have yet to be found43. In vivo two-photon imaging in ...
... typically experiences reduced blood flow and is termed the penumbra1,4 (FIG. 1). The penumbra is also defined as the region of perfusion–diffusion mismatch by mrI imaging, in which blood flow might be reduced but infarct-related diffusion signals have yet to be found43. In vivo two-photon imaging in ...
Interpreting compound nouns with kernel methods
... relation inventory generally correspond to coarse-grained groupings of paraphrases; for example, the coarse label HAVE might subsume the paraphrases X belongs to Y, Y owns X, Y has X, X is part of Y, etc. The statistical learning approach we adopt is based on kernel methods, whereby the fundamental ...
... relation inventory generally correspond to coarse-grained groupings of paraphrases; for example, the coarse label HAVE might subsume the paraphrases X belongs to Y, Y owns X, Y has X, X is part of Y, etc. The statistical learning approach we adopt is based on kernel methods, whereby the fundamental ...
The Specification of Agent Behavior by Ordinary People: A Case Study
... complex goals and yet are intended to be used by a wide range of untrained people. For instance, consider the process of scheduling a meeting with numerous people subject to certain timing and participation constraints. E-Agents support the common task where an originator wants to ask a set of parti ...
... complex goals and yet are intended to be used by a wide range of untrained people. For instance, consider the process of scheduling a meeting with numerous people subject to certain timing and participation constraints. E-Agents support the common task where an originator wants to ask a set of parti ...
Stephen Hawking
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... Five Prototypical Tastes, Including Umami. In the primary and secondary taste cortex, there are many neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (whi ...
... Five Prototypical Tastes, Including Umami. In the primary and secondary taste cortex, there are many neurons that respond best to each of the four classical prototypical tastes—sweet, salt, bitter, and sour5— but there are also many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (whi ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... Understanding the mechanisms that lead to action potential initiation in single cells is a necessary step in determining the way neural networks process information. In particular, the precise mechanisms that underlie the initiation of action potentials are important factors for understanding whethe ...
... Understanding the mechanisms that lead to action potential initiation in single cells is a necessary step in determining the way neural networks process information. In particular, the precise mechanisms that underlie the initiation of action potentials are important factors for understanding whethe ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... did not occur initially following presentation of the reward, suggesting a CSspecific encoding in this area. In the Kim et al. study discussed previously,24 a region of central OFC was found to respond during anticipation of reward but not during its receipt, again consistent with a CS-specific repr ...
... did not occur initially following presentation of the reward, suggesting a CSspecific encoding in this area. In the Kim et al. study discussed previously,24 a region of central OFC was found to respond during anticipation of reward but not during its receipt, again consistent with a CS-specific repr ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... for that anatomical region. We computed total fluorescence by summation of background-subtracted pixel values and presented this as a fraction of the total (see Fig. 11G,I). To reveal densely targeted smaller structures, such as thalamus, we also normalized for each region’s area; ...
... for that anatomical region. We computed total fluorescence by summation of background-subtracted pixel values and presented this as a fraction of the total (see Fig. 11G,I). To reveal densely targeted smaller structures, such as thalamus, we also normalized for each region’s area; ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... the mental processes listed above. By discussing rewardoriented behaviour in view of diverse mental processes, we can cover a wide range of the diverse functionality, and do so in a logically connected manner. Conversely, by discussing each mental process in relation to rewardoriented behaviour, we ...
... the mental processes listed above. By discussing rewardoriented behaviour in view of diverse mental processes, we can cover a wide range of the diverse functionality, and do so in a logically connected manner. Conversely, by discussing each mental process in relation to rewardoriented behaviour, we ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... territory of GPi) have little or no immediate or long term effects on posture, movement initiation, or movement execution in normal animals (and even improve movement in patients with Parkinson’s disease), argues against a major role of the basal ganglia in the on-line control of movement. However, ...
... territory of GPi) have little or no immediate or long term effects on posture, movement initiation, or movement execution in normal animals (and even improve movement in patients with Parkinson’s disease), argues against a major role of the basal ganglia in the on-line control of movement. However, ...
link to pdf of article - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... representations of a forthcoming speech plan as well as mechanisms for interfacing these phonological planning representations with learned sensorimotor programs to enable stepping through multisyllabic speech plans. On the basis of previous reports, the modelʼs components are hypothesized to be loc ...
... representations of a forthcoming speech plan as well as mechanisms for interfacing these phonological planning representations with learned sensorimotor programs to enable stepping through multisyllabic speech plans. On the basis of previous reports, the modelʼs components are hypothesized to be loc ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... • These messages are relayed through one of two divisions, the somatic nervous system or the autonomic nervous system. ...
... • These messages are relayed through one of two divisions, the somatic nervous system or the autonomic nervous system. ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... William Gowers, though, argued with Charcot’s terminology since it suggested that lateral sclerosis was primary and amyotrophy was secondary, and instead, postulated they are one event (Goetz, 2000). This is still debated over a century later. ALS is an incurable disease that has an incidence of app ...
... William Gowers, though, argued with Charcot’s terminology since it suggested that lateral sclerosis was primary and amyotrophy was secondary, and instead, postulated they are one event (Goetz, 2000). This is still debated over a century later. ALS is an incurable disease that has an incidence of app ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... tory spatial localization rests on the basic premise that cutaneous receptive fields on the posterior scalp and neck could aid in localizing nearby stimuli that produce air puffs and noises. The cutaneous representation that would predict object recognition functions is biased towards the glabrous s ...
... tory spatial localization rests on the basic premise that cutaneous receptive fields on the posterior scalp and neck could aid in localizing nearby stimuli that produce air puffs and noises. The cutaneous representation that would predict object recognition functions is biased towards the glabrous s ...
Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... Studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated that the innate behaviour of animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuro ...
... Studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated that the innate behaviour of animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuro ...
Schematic Invariants by Reduction to Ground Invariants
... 2012), and also have a close connection to admissible heuristics used in planning with explicit state-space search (Rintanen 2006; 2008). Many of the early algorithms used a ground representation of actions (Blum and Furst 1997; Rintanen 1998). The number of ground instances of schematic actions can ...
... 2012), and also have a close connection to admissible heuristics used in planning with explicit state-space search (Rintanen 2006; 2008). Many of the early algorithms used a ground representation of actions (Blum and Furst 1997; Rintanen 1998). The number of ground instances of schematic actions can ...
On Convergence and Optimality of Best
... variety of behaviours. General-purpose algorithms for multiagent learning are often impracticable, either because they take too long to produce effective policies or because they rely on prior coordination of behaviours [Albrecht and Ramamoorthy, 2012]. However, it has been recognised (e.g. [Albrech ...
... variety of behaviours. General-purpose algorithms for multiagent learning are often impracticable, either because they take too long to produce effective policies or because they rely on prior coordination of behaviours [Albrecht and Ramamoorthy, 2012]. However, it has been recognised (e.g. [Albrech ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... the time-to-reward distribution during trials significantly differed from that during waiting periods, the single neuron was considered an operantly conditioned neuron. The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone with ...
... the time-to-reward distribution during trials significantly differed from that during waiting periods, the single neuron was considered an operantly conditioned neuron. The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone with ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... Cross modality matching is a magnitude matching procedure, developed to study the relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one anothe ...
... Cross modality matching is a magnitude matching procedure, developed to study the relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one anothe ...