Do neurons have a reserve of sodium channels for the generation of
... et al., 1997). Thus, after blockade of the sodium currents with 1000 nmol/L TTX, no inward current was left indicating that the calcium currents were abolished, and that in contrast to other cell types (Scholz et al., 1998), TTX-resistant sodium currents were absent (Fig. 1A). Although the potassium ...
... et al., 1997). Thus, after blockade of the sodium currents with 1000 nmol/L TTX, no inward current was left indicating that the calcium currents were abolished, and that in contrast to other cell types (Scholz et al., 1998), TTX-resistant sodium currents were absent (Fig. 1A). Although the potassium ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... the efficacy of stimulants in human and animal studies (Findling, 1996, Gainetdinov et al., 1999, Gammon and Brown, 1993). Furthermore, the concurrent administration of 5-HT and dopamine amino-acid precursors can improve ADHD symptoms (Hinz et al., 2011). However, replication is needed as these stud ...
... the efficacy of stimulants in human and animal studies (Findling, 1996, Gainetdinov et al., 1999, Gammon and Brown, 1993). Furthermore, the concurrent administration of 5-HT and dopamine amino-acid precursors can improve ADHD symptoms (Hinz et al., 2011). However, replication is needed as these stud ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... neurons in the inferior parietal lobule are related to hand manipulation or grasping as well as to visually guided reaching (Hyvärinen and Poranen 1974; Mountcastle et al. 1975). Recently we studied a group of neurons that were related to visually guided hand-manipulation tasks in the anterior part ...
... neurons in the inferior parietal lobule are related to hand manipulation or grasping as well as to visually guided reaching (Hyvärinen and Poranen 1974; Mountcastle et al. 1975). Recently we studied a group of neurons that were related to visually guided hand-manipulation tasks in the anterior part ...
full program with abstracts
... Identifying mechanisms responsible for ubiquitylation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in ALS pathogenesis Dr Albert Lee, Macquarie University The recently identified mutations in the CCNF gene are a novel cause of ALS/FTD. CCNF encodes Cyclin F, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that forms a part of a S ...
... Identifying mechanisms responsible for ubiquitylation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in ALS pathogenesis Dr Albert Lee, Macquarie University The recently identified mutations in the CCNF gene are a novel cause of ALS/FTD. CCNF encodes Cyclin F, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that forms a part of a S ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
PDF file
... It seems that the way perception, cognition, and motor control are conducted in the brain is different from what many existing agent architectures have modeled. Grounded autonomous mental development is necessary for understanding major limitations of existing agent architectures that do not address ...
... It seems that the way perception, cognition, and motor control are conducted in the brain is different from what many existing agent architectures have modeled. Grounded autonomous mental development is necessary for understanding major limitations of existing agent architectures that do not address ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... dystonia occurs frequently as an idiopathic hereditary disorder. Sporadic focal or segmental [affecting specific muscle groups or those innervated by a given motor root(s)] dystonias are commonly seen in clinical practice. Little is known about the pathologic anatomy or pathophysiology of dystonia. ...
... dystonia occurs frequently as an idiopathic hereditary disorder. Sporadic focal or segmental [affecting specific muscle groups or those innervated by a given motor root(s)] dystonias are commonly seen in clinical practice. Little is known about the pathologic anatomy or pathophysiology of dystonia. ...
Eye Movements - Center for Neural Science
... at high density, permitting high resolution. High resolution would be useless, however, unless the fovea could be specifically directed to areas of interest in the visual world and stabilized with respect to those stimuli. To accomplish this, essentially all vertebrates with retinal subregions speci ...
... at high density, permitting high resolution. High resolution would be useless, however, unless the fovea could be specifically directed to areas of interest in the visual world and stabilized with respect to those stimuli. To accomplish this, essentially all vertebrates with retinal subregions speci ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
pdf
... continuously recorded while the participant sat in a comfortable chair with his eyes closed in a quiet and dimly lit room. EEG data were acquired at the 19 standard leads prescribed by the 10 –20 international system (FP1, FP2, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, T3, C3, CZ, C4, T4, T5, P3, PZ, P4, T6, O1, and O2) ...
... continuously recorded while the participant sat in a comfortable chair with his eyes closed in a quiet and dimly lit room. EEG data were acquired at the 19 standard leads prescribed by the 10 –20 international system (FP1, FP2, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, T3, C3, CZ, C4, T4, T5, P3, PZ, P4, T6, O1, and O2) ...
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... surfaces, whereas the medial prefrontal network includes all the areas on the medial wall and the related areas on the orbital surface. Areas within each network are mutually interconnected and have distinct connections with structures in other parts of the brain. The orbital network receives ample ...
... surfaces, whereas the medial prefrontal network includes all the areas on the medial wall and the related areas on the orbital surface. Areas within each network are mutually interconnected and have distinct connections with structures in other parts of the brain. The orbital network receives ample ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... basal ganglia efferents (via basal ganglionic influence on the thalamus). The general organization of the basal ganglia is that of a feed-forward network (Bergman et al., 1998). The input stage of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which is innervated by excitatory (glutmatergic) pyramidal neurons ...
... basal ganglia efferents (via basal ganglionic influence on the thalamus). The general organization of the basal ganglia is that of a feed-forward network (Bergman et al., 1998). The input stage of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which is innervated by excitatory (glutmatergic) pyramidal neurons ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
Agenda Administrivia Course Policies Computational Linguistics 1
... • Often broke on unexpected input (e.g., “The machine swallowed my change.” or “She swallowed my story.”) ...
... • Often broke on unexpected input (e.g., “The machine swallowed my change.” or “She swallowed my story.”) ...
Large-Field Visual Motion Directly Induces an Involuntary Rapid
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements of the arm and hand were organized across the cortex in a rough topographic map. Stimulation o ...
... study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements of the arm and hand were organized across the cortex in a rough topographic map. Stimulation o ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... slow wave sleep (SWS) by slow delta EEG and low tone on the EMG; and paradoxical sleep (PS) by fast gamma EEG and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with ...
... slow wave sleep (SWS) by slow delta EEG and low tone on the EMG; and paradoxical sleep (PS) by fast gamma EEG and atonia on the EMG. Neurons that are active during waking (red symbols) include cells with ascending projections toward the cortex, which stimulate fast cortical activity, and cells with ...
Intelligent Agents. - Home ANU
... There are several basic agent architectures: reflex, reflex with state, goal-based, utility-based Learning can be added to any basic architecture and is indeed essential for satisfactory performance in many applications. Rationality requires a learning component – it is necessary to know as much abo ...
... There are several basic agent architectures: reflex, reflex with state, goal-based, utility-based Learning can be added to any basic architecture and is indeed essential for satisfactory performance in many applications. Rationality requires a learning component – it is necessary to know as much abo ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids; subsequent activation of phospholipase C-b (PLC-b) generates the major second messengers inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol.4 Activation of α2-ARs by agonists inhibits adenylyl cyclase (AC), resulting in a decrease in the cyclic adenosine mo ...
... hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids; subsequent activation of phospholipase C-b (PLC-b) generates the major second messengers inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol.4 Activation of α2-ARs by agonists inhibits adenylyl cyclase (AC), resulting in a decrease in the cyclic adenosine mo ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... average slope of 9% per 10 m (Fig. 2 B, F). To ascertain in any given dendrite whether a branch point-induced decrease in action potential backpropagation occurred, recordings were made from the same dendrite at sites before and after a branch. For an average dendritic electrode separation of 16.5 ...
... average slope of 9% per 10 m (Fig. 2 B, F). To ascertain in any given dendrite whether a branch point-induced decrease in action potential backpropagation occurred, recordings were made from the same dendrite at sites before and after a branch. For an average dendritic electrode separation of 16.5 ...