LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or association neurons). The simplest version is a mono-synaptic reflex that uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for examp ...
... of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or association neurons). The simplest version is a mono-synaptic reflex that uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for examp ...
artificial intelligence - ABIT Group of Institutions
... world champion in a chess match when it bested Garry Kasparov by a score of 3.5 to 2.5 in an exhibition match (Goodman and Keene, 1997). Autonomous control: The ALVINN computer vision system was trained to steer a car to keep it following a lane. It was placed in CMU's NAVLAB computer-controlled min ...
... world champion in a chess match when it bested Garry Kasparov by a score of 3.5 to 2.5 in an exhibition match (Goodman and Keene, 1997). Autonomous control: The ALVINN computer vision system was trained to steer a car to keep it following a lane. It was placed in CMU's NAVLAB computer-controlled min ...
1 - Philosophy and Predictive Processing
... 5. Prediction Error Minimization (PEM): PP involves computing prediction errors; these prediction error terms have to be weighted by precision estimates, and a central goal of PP is to minimize precision-weighted prediction errors. 6. Bayesian Inference: PP accords with the norms of Bayesian infer ...
... 5. Prediction Error Minimization (PEM): PP involves computing prediction errors; these prediction error terms have to be weighted by precision estimates, and a central goal of PP is to minimize precision-weighted prediction errors. 6. Bayesian Inference: PP accords with the norms of Bayesian infer ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
... uniformly throughout space, and the population vector predicts well the hand trajectory (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). A vector code of movement direction implies that neural activity should be the same for the same movement performed along parallel directions but starting from different initial posit ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... Moore et al. (1992), and Thiel et al. (1998b) did not confirm this correlation. It is therefore important to define whether changes in ACh release from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus are always associated with, and in some way related to, motor activity or conditions exist in which increases in ...
... Moore et al. (1992), and Thiel et al. (1998b) did not confirm this correlation. It is therefore important to define whether changes in ACh release from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus are always associated with, and in some way related to, motor activity or conditions exist in which increases in ...
Ability in a multi-agent context: a model in the situation
... This paper presents a preliminary study of the notion of ability in a multiagent context. As far as we know, no previous work has already attacked the same question in a multi-agent context. In particular, it must be noticed that the notion we are trying to model here is different from the one Pauly ...
... This paper presents a preliminary study of the notion of ability in a multiagent context. As far as we know, no previous work has already attacked the same question in a multi-agent context. In particular, it must be noticed that the notion we are trying to model here is different from the one Pauly ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... Additionally, spTMS or short trains of TMS during real-time EEG or other brain imaging methods can be used to activate a given cortical region and assess the distributed effects on the basis of transsynaptic corticocortical and corticosubcortical effects. Although this approach has yet to be applied ...
... Additionally, spTMS or short trains of TMS during real-time EEG or other brain imaging methods can be used to activate a given cortical region and assess the distributed effects on the basis of transsynaptic corticocortical and corticosubcortical effects. Although this approach has yet to be applied ...
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... ruber in the mesencephalon, also plays an important role in the lateral component, but not in humans, where it seems to be “overgrown” by the corticospinal tract. The emotional motor system Many studies demonstrate that certain parts of the limbic system give rise to a descending system, which is co ...
... ruber in the mesencephalon, also plays an important role in the lateral component, but not in humans, where it seems to be “overgrown” by the corticospinal tract. The emotional motor system Many studies demonstrate that certain parts of the limbic system give rise to a descending system, which is co ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... Positive hedonic states are known to attenuate the impact of demanding events on our body and brain, supporting adaptive behavior in response to changes in the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanism of this hedonic regulation. The effect of hedonic ...
... Positive hedonic states are known to attenuate the impact of demanding events on our body and brain, supporting adaptive behavior in response to changes in the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanism of this hedonic regulation. The effect of hedonic ...
Action Potentials in Earthworms
... Experiment AN-4: Action Potentials in Earthworms Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membra ...
... Experiment AN-4: Action Potentials in Earthworms Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membra ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, su ...
... instance, using the MID, Kim et al. (2006) reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is active during successful avoidance of monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, su ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... In Helisoma trivolvis, we have previously analyzed feeding behavior in intact semitransparent newly hatched snails by video microscopy. Similar video microscopic analyses of feeding in semi-intact animals were made simultaneously with intracellular recordings from identified buccal neurons and with ...
... In Helisoma trivolvis, we have previously analyzed feeding behavior in intact semitransparent newly hatched snails by video microscopy. Similar video microscopic analyses of feeding in semi-intact animals were made simultaneously with intracellular recordings from identified buccal neurons and with ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... dentate nucleus are concerned with executive, visual-spatial, language, and other mnemonic functions. (3) The convergence of inputs from multiple associative cerebral regions to common areas within the cerebellum facilitates cerebellar regulation of supramodal functions. (4) The cerebellar contribut ...
... dentate nucleus are concerned with executive, visual-spatial, language, and other mnemonic functions. (3) The convergence of inputs from multiple associative cerebral regions to common areas within the cerebellum facilitates cerebellar regulation of supramodal functions. (4) The cerebellar contribut ...
Twenty four-month-old infants` interpretations of
... This outcome reveals that infants possess at least some rudimentary knowledge of noun phrases and argument structure (e.g., they distinguish transitive from intransitive constructions) and some rudimentary expectations about how these structures map to events. More specifically, the results reveal t ...
... This outcome reveals that infants possess at least some rudimentary knowledge of noun phrases and argument structure (e.g., they distinguish transitive from intransitive constructions) and some rudimentary expectations about how these structures map to events. More specifically, the results reveal t ...
Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
Chapter 20
... 1. Most autonomic effectors have dual innervation; the two divisions generally have opposing effects with one division causing excitation and the other division causing inhibition. 2. The hypothalamus regulates the balance of sympathetic versus parasympathetic activity. 3. The two divisions have opp ...
... 1. Most autonomic effectors have dual innervation; the two divisions generally have opposing effects with one division causing excitation and the other division causing inhibition. 2. The hypothalamus regulates the balance of sympathetic versus parasympathetic activity. 3. The two divisions have opp ...
The prototype effect revisited: Evidence for an abstract feature model
... different from the faces seen previously. An abstract feature-based model, on the other hand, would predict regular confusion of the prototype with truly familiar faces. This is because in this case, recognition is based upon a collection of analyzers that only focus on the appearance of local regio ...
... different from the faces seen previously. An abstract feature-based model, on the other hand, would predict regular confusion of the prototype with truly familiar faces. This is because in this case, recognition is based upon a collection of analyzers that only focus on the appearance of local regio ...
Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... – the movements of shoveling dirt, – most aspects of vocalization, – controlled movements of the eyes – virtually any other of our skilled movements, most of them performed subconsciously. ...
... – the movements of shoveling dirt, – most aspects of vocalization, – controlled movements of the eyes – virtually any other of our skilled movements, most of them performed subconsciously. ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... a latency of 344 ms (P350), was recorded at different electrode sites, including an additional face-responsive region in right anterior ventral temporal cortex, which may correspond to sites of activation in studies of the retrieval of biographical information associated with faces12,41,42. Function ...
... a latency of 344 ms (P350), was recorded at different electrode sites, including an additional face-responsive region in right anterior ventral temporal cortex, which may correspond to sites of activation in studies of the retrieval of biographical information associated with faces12,41,42. Function ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... the first time (Siegfried 1961), others (Aubert 1970; Aubert and Legros 1971; Korn and Masson 1963; Massion et al. 1966) clearly differentiated the evoked potential in the lateral sigmoid gyrus, at the lateral extent of sensorimotor cortex, from the evoked potential focus in the orbital gyrus, which ...
... the first time (Siegfried 1961), others (Aubert 1970; Aubert and Legros 1971; Korn and Masson 1963; Massion et al. 1966) clearly differentiated the evoked potential in the lateral sigmoid gyrus, at the lateral extent of sensorimotor cortex, from the evoked potential focus in the orbital gyrus, which ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eventually dropping out and the compatible one being left to be executed, with a delay. As far as we know, few studies have addressed the question of sensorimotor association at the si ...
... stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eventually dropping out and the compatible one being left to be executed, with a delay. As far as we know, few studies have addressed the question of sensorimotor association at the si ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...