Adjunctive Behavior
... Note that a body part that sometimes functions under independent antecedent controls can combine functionally with other body parts under a shared stimulus control. To cite another example, an arm and hand can work together to exhibit what is construed to be one behavior (e.g., a proffered handshake) ...
... Note that a body part that sometimes functions under independent antecedent controls can combine functionally with other body parts under a shared stimulus control. To cite another example, an arm and hand can work together to exhibit what is construed to be one behavior (e.g., a proffered handshake) ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... A single conditioning trial results in a decrease, a single antennal sensitisation trial in a transient increase of odor evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulati ...
... A single conditioning trial results in a decrease, a single antennal sensitisation trial in a transient increase of odor evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulati ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
Unit 6 PowerPoint
... • What methods work? Why? • What methods don’t work? Why? • What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment? – Neg. Reinf. = take away to increase a behavior – Punishment = something to decrease behavior ...
... • What methods work? Why? • What methods don’t work? Why? • What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment? – Neg. Reinf. = take away to increase a behavior – Punishment = something to decrease behavior ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... Although we draw examples from three major sensory systems in this article, the aim is not to provide a systematic account of any single system. Our main goals are to emphasize the similarities across sensory systems in the strategies for investigation, to review the progress in studying each system ...
... Although we draw examples from three major sensory systems in this article, the aim is not to provide a systematic account of any single system. Our main goals are to emphasize the similarities across sensory systems in the strategies for investigation, to review the progress in studying each system ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... neurons, using both numerical simulations and analytical techniques. The results are then confirmed in a network with selective excitatory neurons and inhibition. In both the cases there is a large range of values of the synaptic efficacies for which the statistics of firing of single cells is similar ...
... neurons, using both numerical simulations and analytical techniques. The results are then confirmed in a network with selective excitatory neurons and inhibition. In both the cases there is a large range of values of the synaptic efficacies for which the statistics of firing of single cells is similar ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... most of its afferent input from the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and is thus also called the vestibulocerebellum. Anatomically, it consists mainly of the flocculus and nodulus (flocculonodular lobe). The paleocerebellum (next oldest portion of the cerebellum, after the archicerebellum) receive ...
... most of its afferent input from the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and is thus also called the vestibulocerebellum. Anatomically, it consists mainly of the flocculus and nodulus (flocculonodular lobe). The paleocerebellum (next oldest portion of the cerebellum, after the archicerebellum) receive ...
Open interconnected model of basal ganglia
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
Does stress alter everyday moral decision
... application. A negative relationship between life stress, anxiety and decision-making in an analogies-task has been demonstrated (Garvey and Klein, 1993). Students reporting stress due to impending exams showed a bias to short-term thinking in a decision-making task based on emotional feedback proce ...
... application. A negative relationship between life stress, anxiety and decision-making in an analogies-task has been demonstrated (Garvey and Klein, 1993). Students reporting stress due to impending exams showed a bias to short-term thinking in a decision-making task based on emotional feedback proce ...
How does Stimulus Control Develop with Automatic
... Procedure: Baseline (pre-pairing) was taken on the forms, frequency and functional types of vocal responses emitted by each child. Words that were not emitted during baseline, and if possible, never heard by the mother or godmother were targeted. Activities and items were selected by observing each ...
... Procedure: Baseline (pre-pairing) was taken on the forms, frequency and functional types of vocal responses emitted by each child. Words that were not emitted during baseline, and if possible, never heard by the mother or godmother were targeted. Activities and items were selected by observing each ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... immediately upon issuing from the foramen spinosum, with the anterior division of the posterior ramus appearing to be the larger. The anterior and posterior branches of the anterior ramus divide approximately at the sylvian region, suggesting a pattern most like type IV. This description is thus som ...
... immediately upon issuing from the foramen spinosum, with the anterior division of the posterior ramus appearing to be the larger. The anterior and posterior branches of the anterior ramus divide approximately at the sylvian region, suggesting a pattern most like type IV. This description is thus som ...
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in
... than the posterior horn, and that an intermediate lateral gray matter region existed that was variably affected. In contrast, the white matter was always spared by as much as 1 hr of ischemia. All tissue samples were then placed in small polyethylene tubes containing 100 ix\ of ice cold 0.1 M perchl ...
... than the posterior horn, and that an intermediate lateral gray matter region existed that was variably affected. In contrast, the white matter was always spared by as much as 1 hr of ischemia. All tissue samples were then placed in small polyethylene tubes containing 100 ix\ of ice cold 0.1 M perchl ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... passing, the hiss of a coffee machine or the voice of our friend. Each of these different and discrete sounds can be described as an auditory object11–14. More formally, auditory objects are the computational result of the auditory system’s ability to detect, extract, segregate and group the spectro ...
... passing, the hiss of a coffee machine or the voice of our friend. Each of these different and discrete sounds can be described as an auditory object11–14. More formally, auditory objects are the computational result of the auditory system’s ability to detect, extract, segregate and group the spectro ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... the somatosensory pathway. When relay cells in these thalamic nuclei become hyperpolarized, they show atypical behavior. Rather than remaining in a stable inhibited state, the hyperpolarization gradually decays. A slow calcium influx mediates this depolarization. The resulting "low-threshold calcium ...
... the somatosensory pathway. When relay cells in these thalamic nuclei become hyperpolarized, they show atypical behavior. Rather than remaining in a stable inhibited state, the hyperpolarization gradually decays. A slow calcium influx mediates this depolarization. The resulting "low-threshold calcium ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
Morphology, Deep cerebellar nuclei, C. gambianus
... hilus [26], which may not similar to this findings. Functionally, DN is showed to concerned with voluntary movements of the extremities, including reaching and grasping [14]. The large size of the DN in man with its thin lamina, discrete borders and extensive convolutions is similar to higher primat ...
... hilus [26], which may not similar to this findings. Functionally, DN is showed to concerned with voluntary movements of the extremities, including reaching and grasping [14]. The large size of the DN in man with its thin lamina, discrete borders and extensive convolutions is similar to higher primat ...
- Reppert Lab
... The central complex is present in all insects examined and is characterized by its regular, almost crystalline appearance, owing to its repetitive composition of layers and columns. It is one of the highest centers for sensory integration, and it is also involved in motor control (Strauss, 2002; Hom ...
... The central complex is present in all insects examined and is characterized by its regular, almost crystalline appearance, owing to its repetitive composition of layers and columns. It is one of the highest centers for sensory integration, and it is also involved in motor control (Strauss, 2002; Hom ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... FIGURE 3 | (A,B) Progressively higher magnifications of a mid-sagittal section through the corpus callosum in R31. Thick arrows demarcate corresponding blood vessels in (A,B). Scattered neurons that are NADPHd+ are evident at the ventral margin of the callosum [asterisk in (B)]. Five neurons positive ...
... FIGURE 3 | (A,B) Progressively higher magnifications of a mid-sagittal section through the corpus callosum in R31. Thick arrows demarcate corresponding blood vessels in (A,B). Scattered neurons that are NADPHd+ are evident at the ventral margin of the callosum [asterisk in (B)]. Five neurons positive ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calculated by an algorithm written for this purpose. Because many hypothalamic nuclei are small, it was necessary to match the rostrocaudal level of sections across cases as much as possible to ensure equivalent opportunity to sa ...
... microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calculated by an algorithm written for this purpose. Because many hypothalamic nuclei are small, it was necessary to match the rostrocaudal level of sections across cases as much as possible to ensure equivalent opportunity to sa ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... cerebellar LTD to similar pharmacological manipulations in vitro. A number of parallels have been found. Systemic administration of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (R-THBP) produces an increase in VOR gain and occludes induction of further gain increases with behavioral training [31•]. R-THBP fa ...
... cerebellar LTD to similar pharmacological manipulations in vitro. A number of parallels have been found. Systemic administration of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (R-THBP) produces an increase in VOR gain and occludes induction of further gain increases with behavioral training [31•]. R-THBP fa ...
1 Prenatal Nicotine Exposure as a Teratogen in
... amount of nutrients, oxygen, and iron that supplies the fetus’ brain. When nicotine enters the body, it is distributed quickly through the bloodstream, and it can cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-Siegfried, J., & Rende, E. (2010) claim that cigarette sm ...
... amount of nutrients, oxygen, and iron that supplies the fetus’ brain. When nicotine enters the body, it is distributed quickly through the bloodstream, and it can cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-Siegfried, J., & Rende, E. (2010) claim that cigarette sm ...