learning and behaviour - University of Calicut
... all learning was a consequence of association between a particular stimulus and response. Furthermore, Guthrie argued that stimuli and responses affect specific sensory-motor patterns; what is learned are movements, not behaviors. In contiguity theory, rewards or punishment play no significant role ...
... all learning was a consequence of association between a particular stimulus and response. Furthermore, Guthrie argued that stimuli and responses affect specific sensory-motor patterns; what is learned are movements, not behaviors. In contiguity theory, rewards or punishment play no significant role ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
... new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for future biological experiments. Areas where both objectives coincide are therefore particularly worthy of investiga ...
... new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for future biological experiments. Areas where both objectives coincide are therefore particularly worthy of investiga ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Afferent fibers from smell receptors in the superior nasal cavities send impulses along olfactory tracts and relay them to the olfactory cortex ...
... Afferent fibers from smell receptors in the superior nasal cavities send impulses along olfactory tracts and relay them to the olfactory cortex ...
Acquired Equivalence and Distinctiveness of Cues
... England) served in Experiments 1 and 2. There were 8 sham-operated control rats (mean ad lib weight: 379 g; range: 340 – 430 g) in each experiment. To simplify presentation of the results, to increase statistical power, and to provide a common baseline against which to assess the effects of our lesi ...
... England) served in Experiments 1 and 2. There were 8 sham-operated control rats (mean ad lib weight: 379 g; range: 340 – 430 g) in each experiment. To simplify presentation of the results, to increase statistical power, and to provide a common baseline against which to assess the effects of our lesi ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... shown to be a spatial smoothing function, which implies that even single, point-like bipolar sources (i.e. a single dipole) in the brain produce a bipolar field extending over the entire scalp surface. Scalp fields are visualized by so called scalp-field maps. Similar to maps of a threedimensional l ...
... shown to be a spatial smoothing function, which implies that even single, point-like bipolar sources (i.e. a single dipole) in the brain produce a bipolar field extending over the entire scalp surface. Scalp fields are visualized by so called scalp-field maps. Similar to maps of a threedimensional l ...
![[ABSTRACT] - University of Twente Student Theses](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009886579_1-44ed62dc2b2abb2e0b1569ecdcf72f1c-300x300.png)
[ABSTRACT] - University of Twente Student Theses
... button presses presented on the monitor, and to reproduce them from memory using the physical response box immediately after they had been presented on the screen for a total of four times. Each trial from the imitation condition consisted of a single sequence repeated on screen four times, followed ...
... button presses presented on the monitor, and to reproduce them from memory using the physical response box immediately after they had been presented on the screen for a total of four times. Each trial from the imitation condition consisted of a single sequence repeated on screen four times, followed ...
Retinoids and spinal cord development
... various marker genes. These territories are induced by the underlying mesoderm and form sequentially over time after the initial induction by the node, a phenomenon that was the basis of the activation/ transformation model of neural development proposed by Nieuwkoop (1952), developed from his studi ...
... various marker genes. These territories are induced by the underlying mesoderm and form sequentially over time after the initial induction by the node, a phenomenon that was the basis of the activation/ transformation model of neural development proposed by Nieuwkoop (1952), developed from his studi ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... (B) Indirect to direct spectrum of inter-cellular signaling. The indirect route goes via indirect neurons (I). Left: activity is recorded in neurons (S) that have a polysynaptic path to the target (T). Middle: activity is recorded in neurons that have a direct connection to (T). Some of those neuron ...
... (B) Indirect to direct spectrum of inter-cellular signaling. The indirect route goes via indirect neurons (I). Left: activity is recorded in neurons (S) that have a polysynaptic path to the target (T). Middle: activity is recorded in neurons that have a direct connection to (T). Some of those neuron ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
The Science of Psychology
... changes in behavior. • Token economy - type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens. • Time-out - a form of mild punishment by removal in which a misbehaving animal, child, or adult is placed in a special area away from the attention of others. • Essentially, the o ...
... changes in behavior. • Token economy - type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens. • Time-out - a form of mild punishment by removal in which a misbehaving animal, child, or adult is placed in a special area away from the attention of others. • Essentially, the o ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... and later supported by evidence obtained from the spinal cord’. An alternative concept, proposed about a decade ago3f4, suggests that ...
... and later supported by evidence obtained from the spinal cord’. An alternative concept, proposed about a decade ago3f4, suggests that ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
... These first dichotic studies still left several important questions, two of which were addressed by subsequent research with infants. First, there have been two attempts to obtain a better specification of the speech properties to which the infant's left hemisphere is preferentially responsive. Seco ...
... These first dichotic studies still left several important questions, two of which were addressed by subsequent research with infants. First, there have been two attempts to obtain a better specification of the speech properties to which the infant's left hemisphere is preferentially responsive. Seco ...
Primate amygdala neurons evaluate the progress of self
... and its interaction with other variables accounted for insignificant portions of variance (Figure 1— figure supplement 1C). Critically, the influence of sequence progress on reaction times did not depend on task type, suggesting similar behavioral relevance for sequence progress across tasks. Saccad ...
... and its interaction with other variables accounted for insignificant portions of variance (Figure 1— figure supplement 1C). Critically, the influence of sequence progress on reaction times did not depend on task type, suggesting similar behavioral relevance for sequence progress across tasks. Saccad ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
Learning
... Even before beginning this course, you might have heard about Pavlov’s dogs. The work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov is well known. Still, it is easy to take its true significance for granted. Importantly, Pavlov demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to ...
... Even before beginning this course, you might have heard about Pavlov’s dogs. The work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov is well known. Still, it is easy to take its true significance for granted. Importantly, Pavlov demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... highly and positively correlated with its preferred direction during the execution period (Fig. 5b). One neuron in the PMv displayed a striking inverse relationship between the preferred directions of activity during the execution and instruction periods (asterisk, Fig. 5b). Taken together, these re ...
... highly and positively correlated with its preferred direction during the execution period (Fig. 5b). One neuron in the PMv displayed a striking inverse relationship between the preferred directions of activity during the execution and instruction periods (asterisk, Fig. 5b). Taken together, these re ...
Getting Over It: Long-Lasting Effects of Emotion
... walk-through training in following the reappraisal instructions using unique images not shown in the actual task. Which of two sets of images was used for training on Day 1 and which was used for training on Day 2 was counterbalanced across participants. Next, participants entered the scanner and co ...
... walk-through training in following the reappraisal instructions using unique images not shown in the actual task. Which of two sets of images was used for training on Day 1 and which was used for training on Day 2 was counterbalanced across participants. Next, participants entered the scanner and co ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
Spatial organization of thalamocortical and corticothalamic
... Armstrong-James and Fox, '87) and 2-deoxyglucose (Durham and Woolsey, '77; Chmielowska et al., '86) studies have provided evidence that each barrel is the morphological correlate of a single functional column that extends throughout the thickness of the cortex (Woolsey and Van der Loos, '70). One fu ...
... Armstrong-James and Fox, '87) and 2-deoxyglucose (Durham and Woolsey, '77; Chmielowska et al., '86) studies have provided evidence that each barrel is the morphological correlate of a single functional column that extends throughout the thickness of the cortex (Woolsey and Van der Loos, '70). One fu ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and others 1997]), the apparent tuning is rather broad. An illustration of this effect was reported when examining the activation levels of this area to a wide variety of subcategorie ...
... selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and others 1997]), the apparent tuning is rather broad. An illustration of this effect was reported when examining the activation levels of this area to a wide variety of subcategorie ...
the cortical projection of the medial geniculate body
... areas in the region of the posterior part of the suprasylvian fissure. These ablation experiments upon dogs and other animals were repeated as newer methods became available. Amongst others the method of conditioned reflexes was used. Kalischer (1907), Swift (1910), Zeliony (1913), and Karplus and K ...
... areas in the region of the posterior part of the suprasylvian fissure. These ablation experiments upon dogs and other animals were repeated as newer methods became available. Amongst others the method of conditioned reflexes was used. Kalischer (1907), Swift (1910), Zeliony (1913), and Karplus and K ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are guided to the peak of the map. We believe that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex acts as such a map in which features or locations are represented by levels of activity related to the attentional priority at that ...
... map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are guided to the peak of the map. We believe that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex acts as such a map in which features or locations are represented by levels of activity related to the attentional priority at that ...