Operant Conditioning
... • Social – cognitive learning theories – behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of other, positive consequences & cognitive process such a plans expectation & beliefs. • Observational learning - learning by observing the behavior of another (model) not direct experience ...
... • Social – cognitive learning theories – behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of other, positive consequences & cognitive process such a plans expectation & beliefs. • Observational learning - learning by observing the behavior of another (model) not direct experience ...
Powepoint Presentation
... – Some receivers will respond to group dynamics in fashioning their response – Others will strive to reduce discrepancies or cognitive dissonance – Some people take behavior cues from external causes, while others respond to internal causes – All opinions, attitudes and actions are affected by famil ...
... – Some receivers will respond to group dynamics in fashioning their response – Others will strive to reduce discrepancies or cognitive dissonance – Some people take behavior cues from external causes, while others respond to internal causes – All opinions, attitudes and actions are affected by famil ...
1 - Libreria Universo
... sympathetic chain ganglia via the pudendal nerve [9]. The role of these sympathetic neurons appears to be primarily one of antierectile function. They stimulate vasoconstriction and appear to have spontaneous activity that produces an antierectile tone [9, 13]. However, total eradication of sympathe ...
... sympathetic chain ganglia via the pudendal nerve [9]. The role of these sympathetic neurons appears to be primarily one of antierectile function. They stimulate vasoconstriction and appear to have spontaneous activity that produces an antierectile tone [9, 13]. However, total eradication of sympathe ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
Directional guidance of interneuron migration to the cerebral cortex
... growth factor (HGF) has been shown to act as a motogen (i.e. a factor that stimulates migration) for cells tangentially migrating to the cortex (Powell et al., 2001), although it is not known whether the same factor provides any directional guidance to this migration. Antibody-blocking experiments s ...
... growth factor (HGF) has been shown to act as a motogen (i.e. a factor that stimulates migration) for cells tangentially migrating to the cortex (Powell et al., 2001), although it is not known whether the same factor provides any directional guidance to this migration. Antibody-blocking experiments s ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... Order and randomness increasing levels of randomness should necessitate increasing levels of monitoring due to the unpredictability of the consequences of one’s actions. Researchers have documented psychophysiological and behavioral manifestations of performance monitoring, including faster reaction ...
... Order and randomness increasing levels of randomness should necessitate increasing levels of monitoring due to the unpredictability of the consequences of one’s actions. Researchers have documented psychophysiological and behavioral manifestations of performance monitoring, including faster reaction ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... responses in visual cortex are suppressed. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychophysics to quantitatively compare these physiological and perceptual effects. Observers performed a contrast discrimination task on a contrast-reversing sinusoidal target grating. The target was ...
... responses in visual cortex are suppressed. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychophysics to quantitatively compare these physiological and perceptual effects. Observers performed a contrast discrimination task on a contrast-reversing sinusoidal target grating. The target was ...
Fig. 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... adherens junctions regulate the different modes of division. Here, we have identified the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein membrane palmitoylated protein 3 (MPP3) as an essential protein for the maintenance of these complexes. MPP3 localizes at the apical membrane in which it shows parti ...
... adherens junctions regulate the different modes of division. Here, we have identified the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein membrane palmitoylated protein 3 (MPP3) as an essential protein for the maintenance of these complexes. MPP3 localizes at the apical membrane in which it shows parti ...
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS
... Considering that steroids are derivatives of cholesterol, it is of great interest to find that various fatty acids have differential effects on cholesterol metabolism. Many reliable studies confirm that the administration of omega–6 fatty acids reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. However, ...
... Considering that steroids are derivatives of cholesterol, it is of great interest to find that various fatty acids have differential effects on cholesterol metabolism. Many reliable studies confirm that the administration of omega–6 fatty acids reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. However, ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... This basic theoretical framework will be applied in discussing a number of effects of acetylcholine within cortical structures. The change in dynamics results from three primary sets of effects on a physiological level: i.) modulation of intrinsic properties of pyramidal cells, ii.) modulation of in ...
... This basic theoretical framework will be applied in discussing a number of effects of acetylcholine within cortical structures. The change in dynamics results from three primary sets of effects on a physiological level: i.) modulation of intrinsic properties of pyramidal cells, ii.) modulation of in ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... (and assessed) in terms of their biological plausibility, grandmother cells had best not be a joke. One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at wha ...
... (and assessed) in terms of their biological plausibility, grandmother cells had best not be a joke. One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at wha ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirically testable explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent wit ...
... However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirically testable explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent wit ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... Morphologies of individual forebrain cholinergic neurons A series of 4HT titration experiments with Chat-IRES-CreER;R26IAP mice showed that intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1–5 µg 4HT at P4-5 resulted in ∼10 forebrain cholinergic neurons labeled per brain. Using this protocol, 67 well-separated for ...
... Morphologies of individual forebrain cholinergic neurons A series of 4HT titration experiments with Chat-IRES-CreER;R26IAP mice showed that intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1–5 µg 4HT at P4-5 resulted in ∼10 forebrain cholinergic neurons labeled per brain. Using this protocol, 67 well-separated for ...
the neurochemistry of sleep paralysis
... sleep muscle atonia does not occur and a person with REMsleep behavior disorder is able to act out dreams. The dreams typically have themes of danger such as being attacked or chased. As a result, the person with REM-sleep behavior disorder may jump out of bed, shout, scream, hit, punch, run, etc. w ...
... sleep muscle atonia does not occur and a person with REMsleep behavior disorder is able to act out dreams. The dreams typically have themes of danger such as being attacked or chased. As a result, the person with REM-sleep behavior disorder may jump out of bed, shout, scream, hit, punch, run, etc. w ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... of brain activity in response to stimulus conditions. These patterns can be subtle and are often not detected with conventional univariate analyses that rely on averaging. We blindfolded fMRI subjects and either played complex sounds or instructed subjects to imagine them. Using MVPA, we trained a c ...
... of brain activity in response to stimulus conditions. These patterns can be subtle and are often not detected with conventional univariate analyses that rely on averaging. We blindfolded fMRI subjects and either played complex sounds or instructed subjects to imagine them. Using MVPA, we trained a c ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... A major argument against the focusing hypothesis is that basal ganglia neuronal activity changes, even those in the STN, in relation to the onset of limb movement are too late to have a significant role in focusing, and by the fact that widespread activation of pallidal neurons that would serve a bre ...
... A major argument against the focusing hypothesis is that basal ganglia neuronal activity changes, even those in the STN, in relation to the onset of limb movement are too late to have a significant role in focusing, and by the fact that widespread activation of pallidal neurons that would serve a bre ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. After a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. After a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... endeavored to draw thalamocortical comparisons from nonsimultaneous recordings (Barone et al. 1996; Clarey et al. 1995; Pelleg-Toiba and Wollberg 1989; Samson et al. 2000). Because differences in animal model, anesthesia, stimuli, and measured response parameters could affect results, the literature ...
... endeavored to draw thalamocortical comparisons from nonsimultaneous recordings (Barone et al. 1996; Clarey et al. 1995; Pelleg-Toiba and Wollberg 1989; Samson et al. 2000). Because differences in animal model, anesthesia, stimuli, and measured response parameters could affect results, the literature ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... share similar orientation tuning preferences, responses of nearby neurons are surprisingly sparse and temporally uncorrelated, especially in response to complex visual scenes. The mechanisms underlying this counter-intuitive combination of response properties are still unknown. Here we present a com ...
... share similar orientation tuning preferences, responses of nearby neurons are surprisingly sparse and temporally uncorrelated, especially in response to complex visual scenes. The mechanisms underlying this counter-intuitive combination of response properties are still unknown. Here we present a com ...