Chapter 8: Conditioning and Learning
... Fig. 8.18 Computer-assisted instruction. The screen on the left shows a typical drill-andpractice math problem, in which students must find the hypotenuse of a triangle. The center screen presents the same problem as an instructional game to increase interest and motivation. In the game, a child is ...
... Fig. 8.18 Computer-assisted instruction. The screen on the left shows a typical drill-andpractice math problem, in which students must find the hypotenuse of a triangle. The center screen presents the same problem as an instructional game to increase interest and motivation. In the game, a child is ...
Postnatal microbial colonization programs HPA system for stress
... doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the development of brain plasticity and a subsequent physiological system response. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (H ...
... doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the development of brain plasticity and a subsequent physiological system response. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (H ...
Gap Junctions in the Ventral Hippocampal-Medial
... Departments of 1Psychology and 2Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 ...
... Departments of 1Psychology and 2Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... and inhibitory synaptic inputs as well as slower modulation by dopamine and other signaling molecules. Whereas the spiking of glutamatergic afferents originates outside of the striatum, inhibitory inputs are controlled within the striatum (Gustafson et al., 2006; Tepper et al., 2004). Synaptic plast ...
... and inhibitory synaptic inputs as well as slower modulation by dopamine and other signaling molecules. Whereas the spiking of glutamatergic afferents originates outside of the striatum, inhibitory inputs are controlled within the striatum (Gustafson et al., 2006; Tepper et al., 2004). Synaptic plast ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... with mirror properties. Future research should shed more light on this issue and show which neurons exactly are active in humans in conditions studied so far using brain imaging techniques. The mirror neuron system indeed seems to play an important role in several types of learning. It is probably e ...
... with mirror properties. Future research should shed more light on this issue and show which neurons exactly are active in humans in conditions studied so far using brain imaging techniques. The mirror neuron system indeed seems to play an important role in several types of learning. It is probably e ...
Operant Conditioning
... • Extinction – weakening and disappearance of learned response; occurs when response is no longer followed by reinforcer (coin in vending machine NO candy) • Stimulus Generalization – response reinforced (or punished) in the presence of one stimulus to occur (or suppressed) in the presence of other ...
... • Extinction – weakening and disappearance of learned response; occurs when response is no longer followed by reinforcer (coin in vending machine NO candy) • Stimulus Generalization – response reinforced (or punished) in the presence of one stimulus to occur (or suppressed) in the presence of other ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... Most of the physiological and behavioral effects of cannabinoids appear to be mediated by the CB1 receptor (Zimmer and others 1999), which is highly expressed and widely distributed in the brain (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997). In particular, high levels o ...
... Most of the physiological and behavioral effects of cannabinoids appear to be mediated by the CB1 receptor (Zimmer and others 1999), which is highly expressed and widely distributed in the brain (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997). In particular, high levels o ...
Santos_bu_0017N_11140 - OpenBU
... the limbic system is comprised of the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, ...
... the limbic system is comprised of the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, ...
Operant Conditioning
... • Extinction – weakening and disappearance of learned response; occurs when response is no longer followed by reinforcer (coin in vending machine NO candy) • Stimulus Generalization – response reinforced (or punished) in the presence of one stimulus to occur (or suppressed) in the presence of other ...
... • Extinction – weakening and disappearance of learned response; occurs when response is no longer followed by reinforcer (coin in vending machine NO candy) • Stimulus Generalization – response reinforced (or punished) in the presence of one stimulus to occur (or suppressed) in the presence of other ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) with a continuous input stream u(s), and looks at a later time t > s at the current internal state x(t) of the circuit, then x(t) is likely to hold a substantial amount of information about recent inputs u(s). In [7] it was demo ...
... If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) with a continuous input stream u(s), and looks at a later time t > s at the current internal state x(t) of the circuit, then x(t) is likely to hold a substantial amount of information about recent inputs u(s). In [7] it was demo ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing ...
... sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... • The synapse is the junction between an axon terminal and an adjacent dendrite • Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal in response to an action potential into the synapse – The molecules diffuse across the synapse – NT molecules interact with receptors to alter the potential of the ...
... • The synapse is the junction between an axon terminal and an adjacent dendrite • Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal in response to an action potential into the synapse – The molecules diffuse across the synapse – NT molecules interact with receptors to alter the potential of the ...
Classical Conditioning
... need (hunger), but also as a result of learning—or, as it came to be called, classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus (such as the experimenter’s footsteps) comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus (such as food) that natur ...
... need (hunger), but also as a result of learning—or, as it came to be called, classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus (such as the experimenter’s footsteps) comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus (such as food) that natur ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... All control animals were kept under the same conditions as animals in the treatment group. Control animals, which were used for the groups of mild, moderate and strong forms of threatening treatment (groups 1–3), did not experience stress through experimental handling and were killed at 9 p.m. on th ...
... All control animals were kept under the same conditions as animals in the treatment group. Control animals, which were used for the groups of mild, moderate and strong forms of threatening treatment (groups 1–3), did not experience stress through experimental handling and were killed at 9 p.m. on th ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... All neurons in the central nervous system pass through this same sequence of events. However, neurons in different regions of the brain mature at different times. Each region of the brain has an individual timetable of development that is fixed and cannot be delayed. Periods of intense neuron prolif ...
... All neurons in the central nervous system pass through this same sequence of events. However, neurons in different regions of the brain mature at different times. Each region of the brain has an individual timetable of development that is fixed and cannot be delayed. Periods of intense neuron prolif ...
TAP3_LecturePowerPointSlides_Module15
... teaching a child not to do a dangerous behavior • Most still suggest reinforcing an incompatible behavior rather than using punishment ...
... teaching a child not to do a dangerous behavior • Most still suggest reinforcing an incompatible behavior rather than using punishment ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... epochs in which statistical analysis revealed differential activation between the 2 conditions. In order to describe and compare the distribution of PIs in the F5 and PFG neuronal populations, this index was calculated also for those neurons showing no statistically significant differences between th ...
... epochs in which statistical analysis revealed differential activation between the 2 conditions. In order to describe and compare the distribution of PIs in the F5 and PFG neuronal populations, this index was calculated also for those neurons showing no statistically significant differences between th ...
Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat
... have not determined whether such bursts of action potentials represent a characteristic pattern of the neostriatal outflow, or rather the activity of interneurons involved in the local processing of afferent activity. A minority of neostriatal neurons firing at higher rates has been consistently rep ...
... have not determined whether such bursts of action potentials represent a characteristic pattern of the neostriatal outflow, or rather the activity of interneurons involved in the local processing of afferent activity. A minority of neostriatal neurons firing at higher rates has been consistently rep ...
disparity detection from stereo
... receptive fields. Thus, the response of a neuron indicates a degree of match of two receptive fields, left and right. In other words, both texture and binocular disparity are measured by a neuronal response—a great advantage for integration of binocular disparity and spatial pattern recognition. How ...
... receptive fields. Thus, the response of a neuron indicates a degree of match of two receptive fields, left and right. In other words, both texture and binocular disparity are measured by a neuronal response—a great advantage for integration of binocular disparity and spatial pattern recognition. How ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... How do animals learn to find their way through a maze? What kind of neural circuits underlie such learning and computation and what synaptic plasticity rules do they rely on? We address these questions by studying how a simulated animal (or agent) could solve a navigation task, akin to the Morris wa ...
... How do animals learn to find their way through a maze? What kind of neural circuits underlie such learning and computation and what synaptic plasticity rules do they rely on? We address these questions by studying how a simulated animal (or agent) could solve a navigation task, akin to the Morris wa ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... with Urethane (initial dose at 1.5 g/kg, i.p.) and surgically implanted with two catheters, one in the femoral vein and one in the femoral artery, for drug administration and blood sampling. The animal was mounted on a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf instrument) in a flat skull position. Core temp ...
... with Urethane (initial dose at 1.5 g/kg, i.p.) and surgically implanted with two catheters, one in the femoral vein and one in the femoral artery, for drug administration and blood sampling. The animal was mounted on a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf instrument) in a flat skull position. Core temp ...