Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... with Urethane (initial dose at 1.5 g/kg, i.p.) and surgically implanted with two catheters, one in the femoral vein and one in the femoral artery, for drug administration and blood sampling. The animal was mounted on a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf instrument) in a flat skull position. Core temp ...
... with Urethane (initial dose at 1.5 g/kg, i.p.) and surgically implanted with two catheters, one in the femoral vein and one in the femoral artery, for drug administration and blood sampling. The animal was mounted on a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf instrument) in a flat skull position. Core temp ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... bulb. This cut preserves the normal afferent input of the visual cortical area, because the geniculocortical pathway traverses the lateral cortical wall within the lateral forebrain bundle [26]. Subsequently, two medio-lateral cuts to the telencephalon at its anterior and posterior ends prepared for ...
... bulb. This cut preserves the normal afferent input of the visual cortical area, because the geniculocortical pathway traverses the lateral cortical wall within the lateral forebrain bundle [26]. Subsequently, two medio-lateral cuts to the telencephalon at its anterior and posterior ends prepared for ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... discrimination. Only the results for the D1 scores are presented, as it was found that some rats from both groups showed unusually low levels of exploration. A consequence was the generation of extreme D2 scores (both positive and negative). The occasional presence of these very high or very low sco ...
... discrimination. Only the results for the D1 scores are presented, as it was found that some rats from both groups showed unusually low levels of exploration. A consequence was the generation of extreme D2 scores (both positive and negative). The occasional presence of these very high or very low sco ...
Full version (PDF file)
... treatment. Interestingly, in SHR/cp rats melatonin did not affect NOS activity and eNOS protein expression in the left ventricle and aorta, while it increased these parameters in the brain cortex and cerebellum. We admit that peripheral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation are much more thoroughl ...
... treatment. Interestingly, in SHR/cp rats melatonin did not affect NOS activity and eNOS protein expression in the left ventricle and aorta, while it increased these parameters in the brain cortex and cerebellum. We admit that peripheral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation are much more thoroughl ...
Learning - Net Texts
... • Explain how learned behaviors are different from instincts and reflexes • Define learning • Recognize and define three basic forms of learning—classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning Birds build nests and migrate as winter approaches. Infants suckle at their mother ...
... • Explain how learned behaviors are different from instincts and reflexes • Define learning • Recognize and define three basic forms of learning—classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning Birds build nests and migrate as winter approaches. Infants suckle at their mother ...
Stress and decision making - Ruhr
... rules are explicit and stable and consequences can be estimated [4]. In the literature, stress has mostly been reported to have negative effects on decision making, e.g. more disadvantageous decisions manifested by riskier behavior [5–7]. Behavioral alterations may result from a stress evoked increa ...
... rules are explicit and stable and consequences can be estimated [4]. In the literature, stress has mostly been reported to have negative effects on decision making, e.g. more disadvantageous decisions manifested by riskier behavior [5–7]. Behavioral alterations may result from a stress evoked increa ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... attempt to bridge over the gap between electrophysiological data from monkeys and imaging data from humans. Hubel and Wiesel have showed in the 1960’s that neurons in the primary visual cortex are organized according to their orientation preference; i.e., neurons that respond most strongly to a cert ...
... attempt to bridge over the gap between electrophysiological data from monkeys and imaging data from humans. Hubel and Wiesel have showed in the 1960’s that neurons in the primary visual cortex are organized according to their orientation preference; i.e., neurons that respond most strongly to a cert ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
PDF file
... receptive fields. Thus, the response of a neuron indicates a degree of match of two receptive fields, left and right. In other words, both texture and binocular disparity are measured by a neuronal response—a great advantage for integration of binocular disparity and spatial pattern recognition. How ...
... receptive fields. Thus, the response of a neuron indicates a degree of match of two receptive fields, left and right. In other words, both texture and binocular disparity are measured by a neuronal response—a great advantage for integration of binocular disparity and spatial pattern recognition. How ...
Autism and the development of face processing
... 10.8 ± 2.7 std) [63]. This discrepancy between studies may reflect differences in the age range or choice of controls. Alternatively, given the evidence for anatomical displacement of STS position in ASD [61], divergent results from voxel-based morphometry studies may reflect methodological problems ar ...
... 10.8 ± 2.7 std) [63]. This discrepancy between studies may reflect differences in the age range or choice of controls. Alternatively, given the evidence for anatomical displacement of STS position in ASD [61], divergent results from voxel-based morphometry studies may reflect methodological problems ar ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... is regulated by sympathetic premotor neurons located in the lower brain stem and hypothalamus, whereas vagal cardiac outflow originates primarily from the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata. The activity of the sympathetic premotor neurons and cardiac vagal neurons is controlled by two genera ...
... is regulated by sympathetic premotor neurons located in the lower brain stem and hypothalamus, whereas vagal cardiac outflow originates primarily from the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata. The activity of the sympathetic premotor neurons and cardiac vagal neurons is controlled by two genera ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... case. As shown in section 3, precisely defined firing rate variables are a special case of decoding schemes based on linear filters. Firing rates that can be generated by linear filters (see section 3) provide a concise description of the output of a single neuron that often contains enough informat ...
... case. As shown in section 3, precisely defined firing rate variables are a special case of decoding schemes based on linear filters. Firing rates that can be generated by linear filters (see section 3) provide a concise description of the output of a single neuron that often contains enough informat ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... laser pain stimuli. They found differences in the shape of response profiles in SI versus SII, though the experimental design and use of MEG precluded testing for response profile differences across a wider range of brain regions and to a more continuous range of applied stimuli. In this study, we mod ...
... laser pain stimuli. They found differences in the shape of response profiles in SI versus SII, though the experimental design and use of MEG precluded testing for response profile differences across a wider range of brain regions and to a more continuous range of applied stimuli. In this study, we mod ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... cortex due to the contralateral nature of receptive fields within it (see preceding text). However, because the peripheral checkerboards were always task irrelevant in Schwartz et al.’s (2005) paradigm, these may never have entered into competition for attention: neither peripheral checkerboard was ...
... cortex due to the contralateral nature of receptive fields within it (see preceding text). However, because the peripheral checkerboards were always task irrelevant in Schwartz et al.’s (2005) paradigm, these may never have entered into competition for attention: neither peripheral checkerboard was ...
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum
... for dopamine in reward-related associative learning; these findings are formalized in the associative learning hypothesis (Hollerman and Schultz 1998; Ljungberg et al. 1992; Schultz 1998, 2002). Specifically, Schultz and colleagues showed that, in untrained monkeys, random and unexpected presentatio ...
... for dopamine in reward-related associative learning; these findings are formalized in the associative learning hypothesis (Hollerman and Schultz 1998; Ljungberg et al. 1992; Schultz 1998, 2002). Specifically, Schultz and colleagues showed that, in untrained monkeys, random and unexpected presentatio ...
The Thalamic Projections of the Spinothalamic Tract
... [49,75,91]. Graziano and Jones [37] baldly considered that their findings “disproved the existence of VMpo as an independent thalamic pain nucleus or as a specific relay in the ascending pain system.” Not surprisingly, the above conclusions were strongly disputed by Craig [16,17], who suggested that a ...
... [49,75,91]. Graziano and Jones [37] baldly considered that their findings “disproved the existence of VMpo as an independent thalamic pain nucleus or as a specific relay in the ascending pain system.” Not surprisingly, the above conclusions were strongly disputed by Craig [16,17], who suggested that a ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... Five sections through each of the above brain regions were employed for these measurements in every animal belonging to the following four groups: (a) control animals (n ⫽ 5); (b) animals treated with stress alone (n ⫽ 5); (c) animals treated with chemicals alone (n ⫽ 5); and (d) animals treated wit ...
... Five sections through each of the above brain regions were employed for these measurements in every animal belonging to the following four groups: (a) control animals (n ⫽ 5); (b) animals treated with stress alone (n ⫽ 5); (c) animals treated with chemicals alone (n ⫽ 5); and (d) animals treated wit ...
Pelaez, M. - Florida International University
... Prevention of Antisocial Behavior in Toddlers Through Partnership with Parents, from September 1997-August 1999, amount $ 225, 000.00. This Field-Initiated Research Grant proposal (CFDA 84.023C, Absolute Priority 2), requested funding for 24 months to support innovation in assessment and interventio ...
... Prevention of Antisocial Behavior in Toddlers Through Partnership with Parents, from September 1997-August 1999, amount $ 225, 000.00. This Field-Initiated Research Grant proposal (CFDA 84.023C, Absolute Priority 2), requested funding for 24 months to support innovation in assessment and interventio ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... pre-established set-point, and they must encode this information into electrical signals that can persist even during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes ...
... pre-established set-point, and they must encode this information into electrical signals that can persist even during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... priming-related effects within extrastriate (i.e., visual) and prefrontal cortices (Buckner et al. 2000; Badgaiyan et al. 2001). The predominant interpretation is that such extrastriate regions mediate priming irrespective of the sensory modality and also despite changes in the surface features (i.e ...
... priming-related effects within extrastriate (i.e., visual) and prefrontal cortices (Buckner et al. 2000; Badgaiyan et al. 2001). The predominant interpretation is that such extrastriate regions mediate priming irrespective of the sensory modality and also despite changes in the surface features (i.e ...